可变展长机翼非定常气动特性数值研究

为探索可变展长机翼变形过程中的非定常气动特性及其机理,以ONERA M6机翼为模型,利用动网格技术对其进行了非定常气动特性研究.研究表明:在机翼连续变展长过程中,非定常气动特性曲线以滞回环的形式围绕着相应的准定常曲线;变形周期、攻角和来流马赫数对滞回环有一定影响,但与准定常气动特性相比,单纯的展长变化引起的非定常气动效应并不明显;在一定的计算条件下,非定常升力系数偏离其相应的准定常升力系数的最大值不足2%;可变展长机翼非定常气动特性产生的主要原因在于流场结构迟滞.同时,由于流场结构迟滞效应比较微弱,可变展长机翼的非定常气动特性不显著.      

结构位移对受电弓气动抬升力的影响分析

为了研究受电弓结构位移对其气动特性的影响,利用流体分析软件Fluent,基于三维定常不可压缩流和标准k-ε两方程湍流模型,对运行速度300 km/h下受电弓所处的有限个结构位移状态下各部件的气动力进行数值模拟。建立受电弓气动抬升力的简化计算模型,推导气动力转化为气动抬升力的传递系数。结果表明:受电弓气动抬升力的传递系数与其工作高度有关;在受电弓从初始工作高度1.5 m抬升至1.6 m的过程中,整弓气动抬升力值随升弓高度的增大而减小。     

钝体结构倒U形梁气动特性试验和数值研究

为了探索有效的钝体结构气动特性三维数值分析方法,对钝体结构倒U形梁的气动特性进行了风洞试验和数值模拟研究.通过风洞试验得到与结构气动特性相关的气动力系数和颤振导数.利用二维或三维模型分别对结构的气动特性进行了数值模拟研究,并计算了相关的气动参数.计算过程中基于分块迭代耦合方法考虑流体-固体耦合效应,利用自编程序结合CFX软件实现不同物理场间的数据交换和传递,采用快速有效的网格移动控制算法处理移动边界问题.风洞试验测量和数值计算中均考虑了湍流效应,其中数值计算应用了k-ω剪切应力输运模型和分离涡模型.通过风洞试验测量与数值模拟研究可以发现,钝体结构倒U形梁的气动稳定性较差.对气动参数的计算结果表明,本文的三维数值计算方法可以有效地获取钝体结构的气动参数,在风工程领域具有重要应用价值.     

基于一体化设计的气动外形参数对动态特性的影响

为了提高导弹气动外形方案设计效率和设计质量,基于一体化设计方法,将导弹气动外形设计与气动特性计算、弹道仿真和飞行过程的动态特性分析等工作结合起来,分析导弹外形参数、气动力系数、动力系数、飞行动态性能参数之间的相互关系,得出部分主要气动外形参数对飞行动态特性典型参数的影响规律.仿真与计算结果验证了通过改变气动外形参数来改变弹体动态特性参数的理论分析.     

高超声速火箭橇气动特性优化与风洞试验

为研究如何在不额外增加稳定装置的基础上提高超声速条件下火箭橇的在轨运行稳定性,基于数值分析方法开展了高超声速火箭橇气动特性优化设计,并通过风洞试验对优化后的橇体进行了不同工况下的气动特性研究。建立了基于SST湍流模型、N-S控制方程的火箭橇气动特性数值分析方法,通过经典双椭球模型对计算方法的准确性进行验证。基于气动特性数值分析方法开展橇体气动外形设计,对整流板俯仰角、侧偏角以及前、后滑靴的位置进行优化。通过风洞试验对优化后的橇体进行不同工况下的气动特性研究,分析马赫数、雷诺数以及轨道和地面效应的影响。研究结果表明：火箭橇高超声速气动特性数值分析方法的精度约为86.94%,可以用来模拟火箭橇在高超声速流场中的气动特性;在Ma=5时,优化后的模型相较于优化前的模型,气动阻力减小了约23.57%,气动升力减小了约38.49%;随着马赫数的增加,橇体阻力系数呈下降趋势,当Ma从4增加到6,橇体的阻力系数下降约19.98%;橇体升力系数与俯仰力矩系数均随着雷诺数的增大而增加,Ma=5,当雷诺数从1.80×10⁷变化到3.60×10⁷时,橇体的阻力系数与...     

基于XFlow的仿生扑翼飞行器机翼气动特性分析

通过空间曲柄摇杆结构产生的急回特性来实现仿生飞行器扑翼运动.为了探究仿生扑翼飞行器的气动特性的影响因素,采用玻尔兹曼模型的粒子跟踪方法模拟扑动过程中气动特性,基于计算流体力学仿真软件XFlow对不同翼型、翼展、翼平面形状进行仿真分析并探究对升力和推力的影响.结果表明:翼型弯度和翼展的增大能够增加扑翼飞行器的升力系数,推力系数随着弯度的增大而变小;通过综合分析得到翼展长度在2.5倍弦长时,气动特性最佳;不同翼面形状的机翼具有不同的气动性能,相对于机翼后缘几何形状,前缘对气动特性的影响较大.研究结果为扑翼飞行器机翼的系统设计提供了有益的指导.     

近地鱼形钝体气动阻力特性研究

采用数值模拟与风洞试验两种方法,研究以粒突箱鲀为仿生原型的近地鱼形钝体气动阻力特性.结果表明,近地鱼形钝体确为气动低阻形体,其尾部大收缩角的形态特征及尾迹区相对简单的流场结构共同决定了该形体的气动低阻特性;从气动阻力系数、表面压力系数及尾迹区流场结构三方面对比分析,SST湍流模型的预测值与试验值较为接近.     

基于顶部与侧部扰流器的轿车气动减阻

汽车空气动力学性能是车身设计中需要着重考虑的方面,针对某国产快背式轿车的简化模型,应用计算流体力学原理与方法,研究了轿车尾部气动附件对于快背式轿车气动阻力系数的影响.采用三棱柱半结构化网格和Realizable k-ωSST模型,对不同尺寸的顶部及侧部扰流器的外流场进行数值模拟,得到不同情况下该车的气动阻力系数、表面压力分布等气动特性.对比分析了各种方案的流动特性及阻力系数.结果表明:加装不同尺寸的扰流器,通过适当的匹配与优化,可以改善轿车的气动特性,降低气动阻力.     

轿车会车时气动特性的数值模拟

以标准的SAE1∶4模型为研究对象,应用数值模拟方法对轿车的瞬态会车过程汽车空气动力特性进行研究.使用湍流模型中对于瞬态项的离散化方法,结合计算流体力学中用于瞬态模拟计算的滑移网格技术,对瞬态会车过程中流场变化进行了数值模拟研究.在国家法规允许的1倍车宽横向间距的情况下,捕捉会车过程中单车的阻力系数、升力系数、侧向力系数的瞬态变化,针对流场剖面上的静压场、模型表面的压力场等进行分析,总结了会车过程汽车瞬态气动特性.     

极端运行阵风下风力机的气动特性

基于CFD方法,通过对比均匀来流和极端运行阵风条件下1.5 MW水平轴风力机的非定常气动特性,研究了极端运行阵风对风力机气动性能的影响规律.结果表明:极端运行阵风对风力机的气动特性影响较大,转矩与法向力、切向力系数的最大值较风速最大值的出现有所提前,较高风速下叶片失速造成风力机的转矩和气动力系数随风速的增大而减小.从紊流向层流的恢复阶段,流动的不稳定性使法向力、切向力系数在减小的过程出现振荡.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-