小麦纹枯病生防放线菌株筛选及其防效初步研究

从小麦根际和土壤中分离到161个放线菌株.经平板抑菌测定,发现有7个菌株对小麦纹枯病菌表现出较强的抑菌作用活性.菌株发酵液抑菌测定结果表明,S024菌株抑菌活性最好,菌丝生长抑制率达78.6%.室内盆栽试验S024菌株发酵液对纹枯病的防效为45.38%,田间小区防效达到63.21%,并能提高小麦种子发芽率,促进幼苗的生长.     

察尔汗盐湖嗜盐菌CEH-ST79对马铃薯干腐病的抑制活性及鉴定

为了进一步明确察尔汗盐湖嗜盐菌CEH-ST79对马铃薯干腐病的生防效果,以3株马铃薯干腐病病原菌为指示菌,分别采用平板对峙培养法、牛津杯法和马铃薯活体实验测定嗜盐菌菌株CEH-ST79、发酵液及其提取物对马铃薯干腐病的体外及活体抑制活性。结果表明:菌株CEH-ST79对3株马铃薯干腐病病原菌具有强抑制活性,抑菌带宽为0. 19～0. 33 cm;其发酵液提取物具有较强抑制活性,抑菌带宽为0. 41～0. 70 cm;菌株CEH-ST79发酵液对病原真菌65B-2-6的抑制活性最高,抑制率为73. 83%;菌株CEH-ST79发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物对病原真菌65B-2-6的抑制活性最高,抑制率为81. 04%。通过形态学、生理生化特征及分子生物学鉴定,确定菌株CEH-ST79为简单芽孢杆菌Bacillus simplex。本研究表明菌株CEH-ST79是一株对马铃薯干腐病具有强抑制活性的嗜盐菌,可进一步将其开发为生防杀菌剂。     

唐古特大黄内生放线菌分离鉴定及生防作用研究

以唐古特大黄为材料,采用匀浆涂布法进行内生放线菌的分离,并运用平板对峙法和生长速率法筛选内生放线菌的抑菌活性;皿内抑菌结果表明,菌株4-21对稻瘟病菌抑制率高达84.12%.通过形态学观察、生理生化特性检测和16SrDNA序列分析将菌株4-21鉴定为Streptomyces albidoflavus.通过盆栽试验证明,菌株4-21对水稻稻瘟病具有良好的防治效果,其相对防治效果为52.73%.结果表明,内生放线菌4-21在水稻稻瘟病的生物防治中具有潜在的应用价值.     

具有抑菌和抗氧化活性紫金牛内生菌的筛选鉴定

以紫金牛(Ardisia japonica)为材料,采用划线法筛选到13株具有抑菌活性的内生菌.其中1株对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均具有抑菌活性,且抑菌活性较优的紫金牛内生菌初步鉴定为近平滑假丝酵母菌.筛选获得20株具有抗氧化活性的紫金牛内生菌,其中3株内生真菌对DPPH自由基的清除率高于90%,抗氧化活性较优的2株内生菌初步鉴定分别为芽孢杆菌和小孢拟盘多毛孢.内生菌茎8发酵液的抑菌活性在低于80℃、pH 5～9条件下,具有较好的稳定性.内生菌PDA-ZJNR5发酵液在pH 5～7、低于80℃条件下,具有良好的DPPH清除能力.内生菌茎8发酵液和PDA-ZJNR5发酵液对紫外线具有良好的耐受性.     

一株具有广谱抑菌活性的兵马俑芽孢杆菌HS-15的筛选及其抑菌活性研究

采用高浓度土壤菌悬液涂平板法筛选出45株具有抑菌活性的菌株;以其中一株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株为研究对象,通过细胞形态特征、生理生化实验及16S rDNA序列分析等方法,将其鉴定为兵马俑芽孢杆菌,并命名为Bacillus bingmayongensis HS-15;分别用点植法和平板对峙法检测HS-15对细菌和真菌的抑菌活性,结果发现,该菌株对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和真菌都有较强的抑制作用,是一株广谱微生物拮抗菌;发酵条件优化结果表明,28 ℃发酵20 h时,发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强;经透析袋处理,抑菌活性没有变化,而胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K处理后,抑菌活性丧失,初步推测抑菌物质为蛋白质类.本研究丰富了产抑菌活性物质微生物菌种资源库,为天然防腐剂的开发提供理论基础.     

渤海湾丝状海洋真菌抑菌活性菌株的调查研究

为了调查渤海湾丝状海洋真菌中具有抑菌活性菌株的分布情况,以从渤海湾不同站住分离获得的55株海洋丝状真菌为出发菌株,借助抑菌圈法和牛津杯法分别对菌块和发酵液进行抑菌活性检测.结果表明：有80.0％的菌株显示出抑菌活性,其中对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌有抑菌作用的菌株分别为5株、27株和38株,对3种菌均有抑菌作用的有2株.活性菌株站住分布差异较大,垂直分布以中层水（10m等深线）的活性菌株频数最高,达到该水层被检测到的菌株数量的93％.     

3株拮抗内生放线菌的鉴定及其抑菌活性初步研究

对分离自江西东乡野生稻根部的3株内生放线菌进行鉴定和抑菌活性研究,根据菌株的形态与培养特征、生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析,将菌株FRo1、FRo2和FRo3分别鉴定为委内瑞拉链霉菌、娄彻氏链霉菌和肉质链霉菌.采用管碟法和菌丝生长速率法分析菌株拮抗病原细菌与病原真菌的活性.结果表明:菌株FRo1发酵液对所有测试细菌均有抑制作用,显示较广谱抑细菌活性; 菌株FRo2显示出较强抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和7种病原真菌的活性,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌直径为22.33 mm,对小麦赤霉、水稻纹枯病菌、车前草核盘菌及胶胞炭疽菌的抑制率分别为70;、45;、58;和65;; 而菌株FRo3发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及伤寒杆菌表现出不同程度的抑制,除车前草核盘菌外对所测试的病原真菌均有抑制活性,但抑制率均低于50;,这些菌株抑菌效果良好,显示出较好的生防潜力.     

抗黄瓜灰霉病的枯草芽孢杆菌筛选及其抑菌活性的初步研究

结合涂布平板法和温室盆栽植株法,测定了41株枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液对灰霉病病原菌及黄瓜灰霉病的抑制效果,以此筛选出针对灰霉病的生防菌株.结果表明,抑菌效果最好的枯草芽孢杆菌为BS01和BS03.采用涂布平板法研究了菌株BS01和BS03抑菌活性,结果表明,抑菌效果均为50%时,BS03比BS01的菌体浓度低,得到抑菌效果最好的菌株BS03.采用温室盆栽植株法测试了菌株BS03的抑菌活性,结果表明,菌悬液比发酵滤液的抑菌效果好,并且在菌悬液处理黄瓜苗后的第3天抑菌活性最高.     

具抑菌活性海星内生细菌的筛选及初步研究

从海星的胃、幽门盲囊和生殖腺内共分离到16株菌株.抑菌实验表明,获得的内生细菌中44%的菌株可拮抗至少一株指示菌,各菌株对不同指示菌的拮抗效果差异较大.其中抑菌能力较强的W2#菌株抑菌谱较广,且对大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)拮抗作用明显,具有较大研究价值,该菌株分布于海星胃及、幽门盲囊中,但在生殖腺内没有发现.经初步鉴定,W2#拮抗菌株为黄色杆菌属(Xanthobacter Wiegel et al.,1978)细菌,实验表明W2#细菌在30℃、pH 8.0环境下生长较好,在25℃条件下发酵液抑菌活性最高.     

连翘中具有药物活性成分内生菌的筛选及其拮抗特性的研究

采用组织分离法从连翘枝条中筛选出13株内生菌,其中有7株内生真菌,6株内生细菌。分别以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌为指示菌株,采用平板对峙法对分离出的13株内生菌的抗菌活性进行筛选。结果表明：13株菌种中有10个菌株对1种供试菌具有抑菌活性。其中L-07-01、L-07-09、L-07-12、L-07-13的拮抗效果明显,L-07-09对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑菌效果,测量其抑菌圈直径为10 mm。L-07-12对大肠杆菌具有较强抑菌效果,测量其抑菌圈直径为10 mm。对拮抗效果较强的菌株进行液体发酵培养后采用双层打孔法,测定其抑菌效果后证明L-07-13对金黄色葡萄球菌有极强的抑制效果。对拮抗后的指示菌进一步镜检后,发现菌体有明显的溶菌、空洞、畸形等现象。连翘内生菌可以产生丰富的具有药物活性的次生代谢产物,可作为新型药物的筛选源。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to