碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响

研究了不同碳含量和显微组织的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为,并与商业耐候钢09CuPCrNi进行了相应的比较.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察,轧后水冷钢的主体组织为板条状贝氏体,轧后空冷钢为针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体、M/A小岛和少量渗碳体(珠光体)的混合物.用干湿循环加速腐蚀实验对耐蚀性测定结果表明:低碳钢(0.03%C)和轧后水冷的较高碳含量钢(0.1%C)的耐蚀性均明显优于09CuPCrNi;低碳含量钢的组织类型对其耐蚀性影响不大;较高碳含量情况下,单相贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体(珠光体)等构成的复相组织钢;轧后水冷时,不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大;轧后空冷时,低碳含量钢的耐蚀性优于较高碳含量钢.用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察,可以看出耐蚀性较好的样品在腐蚀后期形成了致密的内锈层.     

卷后冷速对600MPa级钢板微观组织的影响

为了研究卷取后冷却速度对600MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢钢板组织和力学性能的影响,探究获得其最佳性能的途径和方法,利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对样品进行微观组织观察和分析。研究卷取后在空气中冷却速度对卷板的板头、板间、板尾的微观组织影响。结果表明：600 MPa级钢板的组织主要由针状铁素体、板条铁素体、粒状贝氏体、板条贝氏体、M/A组成。卷板头部和尾部在空气中冷却速度较快,针状铁素体较多,强度高;中间部位冷却速度较慢,板条铁素体、粒状贝氏体较多,强度低。     

含B钒微合金钢的连续冷却相变行为

为开发一种新的低成本高性能含B钒微合金钢和建立其TMCP生产工艺,用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了实验钢在连续冷却条件下的相变规律,绘制出实验钢的静态CCT曲线和动态CCT曲线.结果表明:微量的B提高了钒微合金钢过冷奥氏体稳定性,促进了针状铁素体形成,在比较宽的冷却速度范围内能得到贝氏体组织;未变形钢相比于变形钢,在更低的冷却速度甚至0.5℃/s的冷却速度下能得到大部分的贝氏体组织,但两者在5℃/s以上的冷却速度下都得到全部贝氏体组织;变形降低了奥氏体稳定性,促进铁素体转变,含硼钢铁素体转变存在的冷速升高到2℃/s,不含硼钢的其冷速升高到15℃/s;钒微合金钢中B有利于获得高强度的贝氏体组织,冷速5℃/s以上时相变后含硼钢的硬度都高于变形及未变形不含硼钢的硬度.     

不同工艺低碳Nb-B贝氏体钢组织性能

对一种不添加其他微合金元素的低碳Nb-B微合金贝氏体钢在不同工艺的组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明,终轧温度为850℃,冷却速度10℃/s左右,终冷温度560℃时,实验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为495和720MPa,-20℃冲击功和延伸率分别为159 J和23%,实验钢组织为粒状贝氏体和准多边形铁素体;终冷温度降至480℃,实验钢组织为粒状贝氏体,屈服强度和-20℃冲击功分别提高51 MPa和93 J;终轧温度降至810℃时,屈服强度相对增加24MPa;冷却速度增大到25℃/s,组织为粒状贝氏体、少量的针状铁素体和板条贝氏体,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为655和777 MPa,而-20℃冲击功和...     

等温温度和时间对超级贝氏体钢Fe-0.40C-2.2Mn-1.5Si相变和组织性能的影响

以超级贝氏体钢Fe-0.40C-2.2Mn-1.5Si为对象,通过热模拟试验、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析和拉伸试验等方法,研究等温转变温度和保温时间对试验钢的贝氏体相变、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着等温转变温度的降低,钢的显微组织中贝氏体形貌从颗粒状贝氏体转变为板条状贝氏体,其强度逐渐提高,但伸长率和强塑积先增大后减小;随着保温时间的增加,钢的抗拉强度逐渐降低,而伸长率和强塑积逐渐增大,因此可通过适当延长相变时间来改善钢的综合力学性能;在350℃下保温90min时,试验钢显微组织中残余奥氏体体积分数最大,且具有最大强塑积。     

On-line spheroidization process of medium-carbon low-alloyed cold heading steel

Conventionally manufactured 35CrMo cold heading steel must undergo spheroidization annealing before the cold heading process. In this paper, different types of deformation processes with various controlled cooling periods were operated to achieve on-line spheroidal cementite using the Gleeble-3500 simulation technique. According to the measured dynamic ferrite transformation temperature (A_d3), the deformation could be divided into two types: low temperature deformation at 810 and 780℃; “deformation-induced ferrite transformation” (DIFT) deformation at 750 and 720℃. Compared with the low temperature deformation, the DIFT deformation followed by accelerated cooling to 680℃ is beneficial for the formation of spheroidal cementite. Samples subjected to both the low-temperature deformation and DIFT deformation can obtain granular bainite by accelerated cooling to 640℃; the latter may contribute to the formation of a fine dispersion of secondary constituents. Granular bainite can transform into globular pearlite rapidly during subcritical annealing, and the more the disperse phase, the more homogeneously distributed globular cementite can be obtained.     

超快冷终冷温度对桥梁钢组织性能的影响

两阶段轧制后,采用超快冷对实验钢进行冷却,研究了超快冷终冷温度对高强桥梁钢组织性能的影响.结果表明,超快冷终冷温度显著影响实验钢的组织特征,随着超快冷终冷温度的降低,实验钢的显微组织由粒状贝氏体为主逐渐演变为板条贝氏体为主,且M/A尺寸显著细化.明确了超快冷终冷温度对实验钢力学性能的影响规律,且在236℃的超快冷终冷温度条件下,实验钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度、屈强比、-40℃冲击功和延伸率分别为745MPa,961MPa,078,1665J和168%,实现了强度、韧性和塑性的平衡,同时获得了低屈强比.     

微量Zr添加对Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B钢晶粒长大倾向性的影响

设计了一种低碳Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-Zr-B钢,经热处理工艺,采用中等冷速冷却,可得到以板条贝氏体为主,含粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体的混合组织,轧态屈服强度大于850MPa,达到X120管线钢的强度要求. TEM观察表明,0.015% Zr(质量分数)添加到钢中形成大量含Zr的复杂的碳氮化物,它们的形状不规则,尺寸约为80～200nm;从形态看,它们在高温形成,并且由于其熔点高,再加热到1200℃时,这种析出物中的Ti、Nb会有部分溶解,使其尺寸有所减小,利于控制奥氏体晶粒长大;其他近椭球形的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)则在加热时逐渐溶解直至消失. 由于这种含Zr析出物在钢的基体中均匀分布,加热到高温时,它们会明显阻碍晶界移动,从而使含Zr钢的奥氏体晶粒长大倾向性明显比不含Zr钢小. 可见,添加微量Zr能够起到提高钢材焊接性能的作用.     

高扩孔钢变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变

研究了三种硅—锰系低碳钢变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变,分析了w(Si),w(Mn)对相变温度Ar3、转变组织及力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:w(Si)由0.50%增加到1.35%时,Ar3升高15~25℃,而w(Mn)由0.97%增加到1.43%时,Ar3降低30~50℃,锰对Ar3的影响效果强于硅;硅促进了高温等轴铁素体析出,抑制了贝氏体相变,而锰不仅细化了相变组织,还促进了贝氏体形成;w(Si),w(Mn)分别为0.56%和1.43%的钢在850℃变形后以30℃/s冷却,获得均匀、微细化的铁素体/贝氏体双相组织,抗拉强度可达到654 MPa.     

贝氏体耐磨钢的应用研究

贝氏体组织具有高的强韧性和耐磨性，是一种很好的抗磨材料组织结构．本文综述了贝氏体相变的最新研究进展．随着先进技术和先进仪器出现，人们对贝氏体相变与贝氏体组织基础理论的研究也不断深入，表现在对贝氏体微观超精细结构的认识，即在黑金属和有色金属合金的下贝体组织中发现了超亚单元．以往贝氏体钢中添加Mo，Ni等贵重合金元素以及等温淬火工艺，才使贝氏体钢用作抗磨材料成为可能，基于贝氏体相变机理研究的长足进步，先后开发出奥氏体一贝氏体双相钢、马氏体-贝氏体双相钢、共晶体增强奥氏体一贝氏体钢(ABEG钢)等新型贝氏体抗磨钢。     

Mg和Zr对FH40级船板钢连续冷却转变曲线的影响

以FH40高强度级别船板钢为研究对象,利用真空感应炉冶炼了不同Mg、Zr成分的实验钢,采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机测定了实验钢连续冷却转变曲线(CCT)。采用金相显微镜系统研究了实验钢连续冷却条件下的组织演变规律,并探讨了Mg、Zr单独和复合添加对实验钢CCT曲线中铁素体和贝氏体相区的作用规律。结果表明,Mg、Zr及Mg-Zr添加均能影响过冷奥氏体和珠光体开始转变温度;Mg和Mg-Zr添加抑制了铁素体转变,促进了贝氏体转变,在5~30℃/s冷却速度范围内均获得以贝氏体为主的组织;Zr添加扩大了铁素体区,减小了贝氏体区,冷却速度提高至20℃/s以上可得到以贝氏体为主的组织。研究结果对进一步明确Mg、Zr对低碳微合金钢组织特征的作用规律,指导Mg、Zr及Mg-Zr处理在工业上的应用具有重要意义。     

In situ observations of austenite grain growth in Fe-C-Mn-Si super bainitic steel

In situ observations of austenite grain growth in Fe-C-Mn-Si super bainitic steel were conducted on a high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscope during continuous heating and subsequent isothermal holding at 850, 1000, and 1100℃ for 30 min. A grain growth model was proposed based on experimental results. It is indicated that the austenite grain size increases with austenitizing temperature and holding time. When the austenitizing temperature is above 1100℃, the austenite grains grow rapidly, and abnormal austenite grains occur. In addition, the effect of heating rate on austenite grain growth was investigated, and the relation between austenite grains and bainite morphology after bainitic transformations was also discussed.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of F<Subscript>GBA</Subscript>/B<Subscript>G</Subscript> air cooling bainitic steels containing niobium

The effect of different Nb additions on the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite (F_GBA) / granular bainite (B_G) air cooling bainitic steels was investigated. The results indicate that the tensile strength and yield strength increase by 157 and 97 MPa, respectively with the addition of 0.02wt% Nb. The steel acquires superior strength and toughness with the addition of 0.06wt% Nb. The results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the addition of Nb not only refines the size of granular bainite but also increases the volume fraction of granular bainite in F_GBA/B_G steels. The refinement effect of granular bainite is improved with the increase of Nb content.     

等温淬火工艺对超高强贝氏体钢组织性能影响

针对低碳超高强贝氏体钢在不同等温淬火工艺下的组织和力学性能演变规律进行研究.结果表明:与一阶段等温淬火工艺相比,两阶段工艺下组织中贝氏体量增加,马氏体量相对减少,致使实验钢的屈服强度高达1178MPa,提高58%,延伸率从7.7%升高到14.4%,单位冲击韧性达到66J/cm²,提升16%.对比研究不同等温淬火工艺下实验钢的强塑性匹配发现,两阶段工艺A₃(240℃等温2h后再270℃等温1h)条件下实验钢的强塑积可达21888MPa·%.通过两阶段工艺,可消除实验钢中由于Mn元素偏析造成的马氏体带,获得相对均匀的贝氏体组织,从而使得实验钢的强度和韧性同时提高.     

CuPCr钢显微组织对全浸海水腐蚀行为的影响

为考察CuPCr型耐海水腐蚀钢不同显微组织的腐蚀行为,采用热轧后不同冷却方式分别获得贝氏体和铁素体+珠光体组织,进行模拟海水腐蚀的全浸加速腐蚀实验,并利用失重法测量腐蚀速率,采用SEM,XRD和电化学方法评价钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:贝氏体组织能够在更短时间内形成比较致密的锈层,其耐蚀性能明显优于铁素体和珠光体组织.碳元素在贝氏体中的均匀分布减少了微电池数量,因而能够降低钢的腐蚀电流密度.     

Si对高耐磨模具钢9Cr6W3Mo2V2过冷奥氏体转变动力学的影响

测定了9Cr6W3Mo2V2钢的TTT和CCT曲线,研究了Si对该钢过冷奥氏体转变动力学的影响.试验表明,Si有促进珠光体转变的趋势,而对贝氏体转变,则在等温和连续冷却条件下,其影响不同.从动力学和热力学两个方面对这些现象进行了解释.     

Effect of hot-dip galvanizing processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel

A C-Mn dual-phase steel was soaked at 800℃ for 90 s and then either rapidly cooled to 450℃ and held for 30 s (process A) or rapidly cooled to 350℃ and then reheated to 450℃ (process B) to simulate the hot-dip galvanizing process. The influence of the hot-dip galvanizing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel (DP600) was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile tests. The results showed that, in the case of process A, the microstructure of DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, and a small amount of bainite. The granular bainite was formed in the hot-dip galvanizing stage, and martensite islands were formed in the final cooling stage after hot-dip galvanizing. By contrast, in the case of process B, the microstructure of the DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and cementite. In addition, compared with the yield strength (YS) of the DP600 annealed by process A, that for the DP600 annealed by process B increased by approximately 50 MPa because of the tempering of the martensite formed during rapid cooling. The work-hardening coefficient (n value) of the DP600 steel annealed by process B clearly decreased because the increase of the YS affected the computation result for the n value. However, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (A₈₀) of the DP600 annealed by process B exhibited less variation compared with those of the DP600 annealed by process A. Therefore, DP600 with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties (YS=362 MPa, UTS=638 MPa, A₈₀=24.3%, n=0.17) was obtained via process A.     

Effects of ausforming strain on bainite transformation in nanostructured bainite steel

The effects of ausforming strain on bainite transformation in high-carbon low-alloy nanobainite steel were investigated using a Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator machine. The bainite transformation speed at 300℃ was found to be accelerated by ausforming at 300, 600, and 700℃ under applied strains ranging from 10% to 50% followed by isothermal transformation at 300℃. The ausformed bainite volume fraction varied with the ausforming strain because of the mechanical stabilization of the deformed austenite. Ausforming at low temperatures not only enhanced the bainite ferrite volume fraction but also refined the microstructure substantially. Although the amount of bainite ferrite might have been reduced with increasing strain, the microstructures were refined by ausforming.     

热轧态与回火态 AH80 DB 低碳贝氏体钢组织与冲击韧性

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对热轧态和回火态AH80DB低碳贝氏体钢的显微组织、马氏体/奥氏体( M/A)岛、第二相的析出行为以及晶界取向差、有效晶粒尺寸进行研究,揭示回火后低碳贝氏体钢冲击韧性得到改善的原因.结果表明：两种试样的组织均由板条状贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体组成,其中回火态试样中针状铁素体组织较多.热轧态钢中存在较大尺寸M/A岛且呈方向性分布,大角度晶界比例占17.33%,有效晶粒尺寸为3.57μm;而回火态钢中M/A岛的尺寸较小,大角度晶界比例增加3.43%,有效晶粒尺寸减小0.56μm.热轧态钢中析出相主要是( Nb,Ti) C,尺寸在50~150 nm之间,回火态试样中析出较多细小的球状( Nb,Ti) C析出相,尺寸在10 nm左右.     

Kinetics of bainite-to-austenite transformation during continuous reheating in low carbon microalloyed steel

A dilatometer was used to study the kinetics of bainite-to-austenite transformation in low carbon microalloyed steel with the initial microstructure of bainite during the continuous reheating process. The bainite-to-austenite transformation was observed to take place in two steps at low heating rate. The first step is the dissolution of bainite, and the second one is the remaining bainite-to-austenite transformation controlled by a dissolution process. The calculation result of the kinetics of austenite formation shows that the two steps occur by diffusion at low heating rate. However, at high heating rate the bainite-to-austenite transformation occurs in a single step, and the process is mainly dominated by shear. The growth rate of austenite reaches the maximum at about 835℃ at different heating rates and the growth rate of austenite as a function of temperature increases with the increase in heating rate.