气相色谱法测定聚碳酸亚丙酯中甲醇、环氧丙烷的残留量

采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法,测定了聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)中甲醇、环氧丙烷的残留量.结果显示:甲醇、环氧丙烷的线性范围分别为0.25~4.00 g.L-1(r=0.999 4),0.25~4.00 g.L-1(r=0.999 7);甲醇、环氧丙烷的平均回收率分别为95.4%,98.3%;RSD(n=5)分别为3.7%,1.8%.本方法简单、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)中甲醇、环氧丙烷的残留量的测定.     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定奥柳氮锌中有机溶剂残留量

建立了新药奥柳氮锌中有机溶剂甲醇和丙酮残留量的毛细管顶空气相色谱分析法.采用PEG-20M弹性石英毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器,程序升温方法,以氮气为载气.二种有机溶剂完全分离,在所考察的浓度范围内具有良好的线性(r均大于0.999),甲醇和丙酮的检测限分别为3.2和2.1ng,精密度RSD均小于5%,平均回收率分别为101.1%和100.9%.经实验方法学验证,该方法灵敏、准确,适用于新药奥柳氮锌原料药中有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

拉米夫定中有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱法测定

建立了拉米夫定中有机溶剂甲醇和丙酮残留量的毛细管顶空气相色谱分析法.残留溶剂甲醇和丙酮的检测限分别为3.4μg/L和2.3μg/L,线性关系良好(r均大于0.999),平均回收率分别为101.1%和100.9%.该方法测量操作简单,结果灵敏、准确,重现性好,适用于拉米夫定中残留有机溶剂的测定.     

毛细管气相色谱测七叶皂苷钠中有机溶剂残留量

应用毛细管气相色谱分析七叶皂苷钠中有机溶剂乙醇、乙酸乙酯和甲醇的残留量;采用PEG-20M毛细管柱,FID检测器。结果表明,乙醇在0．0101～0．1009mg/mL,乙酸乙酯在0．0099～0．0999mg/mL,甲醇在0．0061～O．0606mg／mL的质量-体积分数范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数均达0．999。用毛细管气相色谱法测定七叶皂苷钠中有机溶剂残留量,操作简单,实验结果准确可靠。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定异黄酮衍生物2702中有机溶剂残留量

建立异黄酮衍生物2702中乙醇,乙酸乙酯残留量的测定方法.采用毛细管气相色谱法,色谱柱为DB-Wax(30 m×0.45 mm×0.85 μm)石英毛细管柱;检测器为FID,载气为氮气;柱温为程序升温:起始温度为40℃,保持5 min, 然后以40℃/min的速率升至205℃,保持8 min;气化室温度为225℃.在该色谱条件下,采用甲苯为内标.测得乙醇、乙酸乙酯二种溶剂分别在1.25～87.50 μg/mL(r=0.999 8);1.80～89.90 μg/mL(r=0.999 9)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为102.0%(RSD=2.8%), 98.4%(RSD=2.3%);检测限分别为0.13 ng,0.17 ng.因此,该毛细管气相色谱法简单、结果准确,适用于本品有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

顶空气相色谱法测定红霉素原料药中的残留溶剂

建立了红霉素原料药中有机溶剂的分离测定方法.即采用顶空进样毛细管气相色谱法,FID检测器,应用DB-FFAP毛细管柱(25.0 m×0.32 mm×1 μm),载气为氮气,柱温采取程序升温,初始温度40℃,保持6 min,再以20℃·min-1的速率升至180℃,保持5min,测定红霉素原料中丙酮、乙酸丁酯残留量.各有机溶剂均能得到有效分离,在所考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好,r为0.999 0～0.999 7,平均回收率为99.8%～104%.方法灵敏、准确、可靠,可用于红霉素中有机溶剂的检测.     

顶空毛细管气相法测定5-硝基水杨酸锌中有机溶剂残留量

采用PEG-20M弹性石英毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器,程序升温方法,以氮气为载气,建立5-硝基水杨酸锌中有机溶剂甲醇和丙酮残留量的毛细管顶空气相色谱分析法.结果表明,2种有机溶剂完全分离,在所考察的浓度范围内具有良好的线性(r>0.999),甲醇和丙酮的检测限分别为3.3 ng和2.4 ng,精密度RSD均小于5%,平均回收率分别为101.1%和100.9%.该方法灵敏、准确,适用于5-硝基水杨酸锌原料药和其他有机金属类药物中有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

顶空气相色谱法测定雷贝拉唑钠原料药中残留溶剂含量

利用气相色谱法测定雷贝拉唑钠原料药中丙酮、乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和甲苯5种有机溶剂残留量,通过优化实验条件建立了一种有效的测定有机溶剂残留量的方法。采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,色谱柱为DB-624石英毛细管柱,以氮气为载气,流速为2.0mL/min;柱温采取程序升温方式,于40℃保持8min,然后以每分钟20℃的速率升温至240℃,并保持20min;顶空平衡温度为90℃,平衡时间为30min;进样口温度为200℃,检测温度为250℃;进样体积为1mL,分流比为5∶1。5种有机溶剂在该色谱条件下均能有效分离,峰面积与浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R圴大于0.990,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.616,6.72,4.89,2.70,1.46μg/mL,定量限(10S/N)分别为1.85,16.8,13.9,8.07,3.64μg/mL,各残留溶剂的加标回收率均在90%~110%范围内。     

毛细管色谱法测定头孢美唑中的有机溶剂残留量

采用毛细管气相色谱法，以叔丁基甲醚为内标，用Agilent DB-200毛细管气相色谱柱和氢焰离子化检测器．同时测定了头孢美唑中甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、三乙胺、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醚等6种有机溶剂残留量．6种溶剂的线性范围分别为0～480μg／mL（r=0．9996）、0—800μg／mL（r=0．9994）、0～96μg／mL（r=0．9990）、0～800μg/mL（r=0．9993）、0～800μg／mL（r=0．9995）、0～800μg／mL（r=0．9993）；平均回收率分别为100．1％、100．5％、101．2％、100．1％、100．7％和100．4％；相对标准偏差分别为0．90％、1．30％、1．18％、1．23％、1．52％、1．41％（n=9）．     

GC直接进样与顶空进样法检测睾酮衍生物AD残留量*

建立毛细管气相色谱法,分别采用溶液直接进样与顶空进样法测定睾酮衍生物AD中溴代环戊烷的残留量。溶液直接进样法:色谱柱为DB-WAX石英毛细管柱,采用程序升温,初始温度50℃,保持5 min;然后以30(℃·min-1)升温至200℃,保持7 min。顶空进样法:顶空瓶加热温度90℃,平衡时间30 min。测得溴代环戊烷分别在4.17~83.4(μg·m L-1)和0.139~2.78(μg·m L-1)范围内呈良好线性关系。回收率分别为100.65%、99.82%。这两种方法均可检测睾酮衍生物AD中溴代环戊烷的残留量,而顶空进样法灵敏度更高,对色谱柱污染较小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-