用激光拉曼谱表征半导体陶瓷湿度传感器中晶粒微结构的特性

半导陶瓷湿度传感器是用固相反应和粉末压片烧结的方法制作，它以二氧化锆、二氧化硅、五氧化磷为主料，并且掺杂三氧化二钇和五氧化二铌。借助于高分辨率的四角和单斜二氧化锆的激光拉曼标准谱，二氧化锆晶粒的微结构显然在未掺杂和三氧化二钇或五氧化二铌掺杂的样品中分别属于单斜和四角对称晶系。它们在激光显微镜下发出可以区分的不同色彩的荧光。未掺杂的二氧化锆晶粒是线工为１￣２μｍ的斜角四边形，而掺杂烧结的晶粒是尺寸大     

掺杂对YNbO4介电常数的影响

铌酸钇（YNbO4）是一种潜在的微波介电陶瓷材料。文中研究了CaF2掺杂量对YNbO4陶瓷介电常数的影响。研究发现，烧结温度和CaR掺杂量过高或过低都不利于陶瓷介电常数的提高，只有在烧结温度和CaF2掺杂量适中时才可能得到较高的介电常数。     

助烧剂CuAlO2掺杂(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3陶瓷的微观形貌及介电性能研究

目的以偏铝酸亚铜(CuAlO_2简称CA)为助烧剂对铌酸钾钠陶瓷(KNN)进行烧结特性改善并研究掺杂陶瓷的微观结构及介电性能。方法采用传统固相法制备了不同含量CA助烧剂作为第二组元的掺杂铌酸钾钠陶瓷。结果 XRD结果表明烧结温度为1 085℃时KNN-xCA陶瓷样品具有正交相钙钛矿结构;SEM结果表明CuAlO_2助烧剂抑制KNN陶瓷晶粒生长,掺杂系数x=0.01时,KNN-xCA陶瓷晶粒均匀。在20~500℃温度范围内,掺杂系数x=0.01时,KNN-xCA样品的介电损耗较小(≤5%),介电常数较大(≥1 000),介电温度变化率较小,介电性能最佳。结论不同含量的偏铝酸亚铜(CuAlO2)掺杂改善了(1-x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-xCuAlO_2(KNN-xCA,x=0.005,0.010,0.015,0.020)陶瓷的烧结性能,微观形貌及介电性能。     

铂掺杂铋系超导陶瓷材料性能的研究

用氯铂酸铵对铋系超导陶瓷进行铂掺杂，既能改善Ｂｉ（Ｐｂ）ＳｒＣａＣｕＯ陶瓷的烧结性能，又可以提高其超导特性．通过ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ分析，发现一定含量的铂掺杂能促进铋系超导陶瓷晶粒定向排列．文中亦讨论了铂掺杂对铋系超导陶瓷材料磁化率和磁滞回线的影响．     

掺钕钒酸钇薄片激光器中弛豫振荡的偏振动力学研究

提出用密度矩阵理论描述ｃ轴切割掺钕钒酸钇晶体的４Ｆ３／２→４Ｉ１１／２四能级激光发射的光学非均匀特性，建立了正交偏振激光模式所遵循的动力学方程组．数值解结果定性地解释了实验上所观察的掺钕钒酸钇薄片的１．０６μｍ双偏振激光的弛豫振荡的竞争行为．     

La_2O_3掺杂对BaBi_4Ti_4O_(15)陶瓷压电性能的影响

采用传统固相烧结工艺制备了La掺杂量分别为0,0.1,0.25,0.5 mol的BaBi4Ti4O15 (BBT) 压电陶瓷.通过SEM和XRD分析了BBT陶瓷的表面形貌和物相结构;用介电常数测试仪(LCR)和准静态d33测试仪分别测量了陶瓷的介电常数,介电损耗和压电常数.结果表明:A位La掺杂并未改变BBT陶瓷的晶体结构; 虽然随着La掺杂量的增加(从0～0.5 mol),陶瓷的烧结温度有所提高(从1120℃提高到1150℃),然而它拓宽了BBT陶瓷的烧结温区(从20℃提高到50℃),并细化了陶瓷晶粒; La掺杂量为0.1时,BBLT陶瓷的压电常数比未掺杂的陶瓷增大了将近一倍(13pC/N),同时,与其它掺杂量的BBLT陶瓷相比,该掺杂量的BBLT陶瓷具有同频率下最大的介电常数及最小的介电损耗.     

二水甲酸钇晶体最佳相位匹配角的计算

本文给出了二水甲酸钇晶体折射率的Ｓｅｌｌｍｅｉｅｒ公式。计算了该晶体从１．０６４μｍ到０．６７４μｍ的各种基波波长的Ｉ型和Ⅱ型倍频相位匹配角以及相应的有效非线性系数，求出了最佳匹配角，描述了最佳匹配角的相对非线性系数随基波波长的变化规律。还进行了三倍频（１．０６４μｍ＋０．５３２μｍ→０．３５５μｍ）的最佳匹配角的计算。对该晶体进行了１型倍频实验，验证了相位匹配曲线，实验结果与计算结果吻合。     

CaBi4Ti4O15基陶瓷制备与镧掺杂的性能优化

两步法烧结制备一系列CaBi4-xLaxTi4O15（x=0,0．1,0．2,0．3,0．4）（CBLT—X）：以氧化物为前驱体用熔盐法合成片状粉体,然后通过晶体定向技术制备后烧结成陶瓷．通过SEM微观结构表征来确定增加镧掺杂和温度对晶粒生长和织构形成的影响．当镧掺杂（z=0．4）烧结温度在1150℃时,CBLT—X陶瓷在垂直于流延方向上介电常数可提高到570．CBLT—X系列陶瓷的介电常数和介电损耗在垂直于流延的方向的数值都高于平行方向上．控制CBLT—X陶瓷结构化和晶粒生长的机理首次用3D模式进行了讨论．     

BaZr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_3掺杂对K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3无铅陶瓷结构及性能的影响

用传统高温固相法制备了锆钛酸钡BaZr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_3(BZT)掺杂的铌酸钾钠K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3(KNN)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BZT掺杂量和烧结温度对KNN陶瓷微观结构、形貌和电学性能的影响。结果表明:从样品的X射线衍射图谱可以看出,全部样品均呈现出主晶相正交钙钛矿结构,但随着BZT掺杂量的增加,样品中的第二相的含量逐渐增多;从样品的形貌分析中可以看出,掺杂BZT的样品晶粒明显较大,且晶界清晰,其样品的平均晶粒尺寸随着BZT掺杂量的增加和烧结温度的升高有逐渐增大的趋势;对比不同掺杂量和不同烧结温度下制备的样品的综合性能,在1 150℃下烧结的BZT掺杂量为5%的陶瓷具有较好的形貌和优良的综合电学性能,即具有较为均匀的晶粒大小、清晰的晶界,最大的相对介电常数和较小的介电损耗,最大的压电系数。     

湿化学法合成铌镁酸铅陶瓷微观结构

用湿化学法合成铌镁酸铅陶瓷，用Ｘ射线（ＸＲＤ），扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）技术，研究陶瓷的微观结构，结果表明：湿化学法可合成纯钙钛矿相的铌镁酸铅陶瓷；陶瓷在８５０～９２０℃烧结，晶粒大小为１５０～２００ｎｍ，细小焦绿石相出现并分布在晶界上；过量ＰｂＯ相的形成有利于陶瓷的烧结。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.