几种时间相位展开方法的比较

相位场的展开是基于结构光投影光学三维面形测量方法的关键步骤,复杂相位场的展开也是该方法面临的主要问题之一,时间相位展开方法提供了解决这一难题的一种有效手段.时间相位展开方法利用从多套不同频率条纹图中调解得到的三维截断相位分布,沿时间轴方向上将每点的相位进行独立展开,可以避免二维截断相位图展开过程中引入的误差扩散问题.本文对比了负指数时间相位展开法、三频时间相位展开法、三频外差时间相位展开法以及一次外差时间相位展开法,并引入分块拟合的方法来得到更准确的相位计算结果.完成了计算机模拟和实验验证,标准平面测量时,采用分段拟和的相位误差远小于以前采用的全场拟和法.     

基板平面拟合的PMP全局相位展开算法

基于相位测量轮廓术的印刷锡膏三维测量中,传统的枝切法、质量图法对投影阴影、相位间断处理较差,且速度不能满足实时检测的需要.结合该工业应用的实际条件,本文提出了一种基于基板拟合的全局相位展开算法.通过对贴片PCB基板相位进行平面拟合和二次曲面拟合,再将其余各点向拟合基板展开,得到展开相位,最后根据统计结果处理拟合平面的偏移值,以得到正确的展开相位.实际测量结果表明:本方法准确率高、鲁棒性强,可快速有效地进行贴片锡膏三维测量中的相位展开.     

面向光学三维测量的非均匀条纹生成方法

针对投影条纹间距比较小和被测表面法向处于变化范围较大的状态时局部条纹形变严重、分布密集,甚至出现条纹间重叠干涉现象,导致相位求解、条纹中心提取等方法失效的问题,提出了一种非均匀投影条纹生成算法。先利用投影均匀条纹到被测物体上,对相机采集图像中局部条纹分布密集的区域进行相位梯度调整,再运用反向条纹投影原理计算出非均匀投影条纹。对投影均匀条纹和非均匀条纹到被测物体表面进行光学三维测量,仿真和实验结果表明:当测量精度均达到50μm时,投影均匀条纹测量时有7.2%的数据点丢失,投影非均匀条纹时仅有0.24%的数据点丢失,基本上解决了局部条纹变形严重、分布密集导致点云丢失的问题,从而保证测量数据的可靠性。     

时间相位展开的误差分析与算法设计

时间相位展开方法投射一系列不同频率的条纹图到物体表面,然后将每点的相位在时间序列上独立进行展开,从而避免了误差的扩散,在近年来得到了很好的发展.本文对时间相位展开方法的效率、可靠性和精度之间的关系进行了研究和分析,并针对三种典型的时间相位展开方法：负指数拟合法,三频展开法和外差法,在上述三个方面作了定量计算和比较.根据几种方法的特点,提出了结合三频展开法和外差法优点的算法设计方法——三频外差法.计算机仿真和实验表明,该方法在仅使用三频条纹图的情况下,可以达到较高的可靠度和精度,应用前景比较好.     

基于频率调制二元编码光栅相位测量剖面术

分析传统的频率调制正弦光栅用于3步相移相位测量剖面术时,系统非线性对测量精度的影响,提出采用二元频率调制光栅,提高3步相移相位测量剖面术计算绝对相位测量精度的方法.完成了分别采用传统正弦频率调制光栅投影和基于Floyd-Steinberg二元编码频率调制光栅投影的相移剖面术的绝对相位计算结果对比.结果表明,采用正弦频率调制光栅模板的3步相移算法对系统的非线性敏感,而二元编码频率调制光栅模板既保持了利用单组条纹投影就可计算条纹绝对相位的优点,又不受系统非线性的影响,大大提高了基于频率调制光栅的相移剖面术的测量精度.计算机模拟和实验验证了所提方法的有效性.     

用变频条纹图扫描技术测量陡峭物体的三维轮廓

针对传统条纹投影方法不能测量陡峭物体三维轮廓的问题，提出了一种基于相移的变频条纹图扫描测量技术．采用投影装置投射一系列频率随时间变化的正弦条纹图到被测物体上，且在每个频率下完成相移条纹扫描．用电荷耦合器件(CCD)和图像采集卡记录这些变形的条纹图，对这些条纹图沿时间轴提取相位并进行处理，可以得到图像上每个像素点的相位和沿时间轴的相位变化率，由此得到的每个像素点的相位值在像面内都是相互独立的，而相位变化率包含物体的高度信息，因此可以得到物体的三维轮廓．实验证明，该技术能够成功地测量陡峭物体的轮廓．     

一种快速时间相位展开方法

为了实现物体形貌的快速三维测量,提出了一种基于四步相移的快速时间相位展开方法.与传统四步相移不同,增加了2幅相连周期相移量相差为π的条纹图.根据四步相移条纹图获取包裹相位,通过增加的2幅条纹图结合四步相移条纹图中的2幅获得辅助相位.最后通过包裹相位和辅助相位共同确定条纹级次,所得条纹级次不易出错.与格雷码和相位编码方法相比,该方法只需要6幅条纹图且算法简单,可以实现物体形貌的快速测量.实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性,测量的均方根误差(RMSE)为0.037 mm.     

三维形貌的快速测量方法

提出一种基于条纹投影技术的高效三维快速形貌测量（ＦＴＰ）方法。根据该法,投影在被测表面上的Ｒｏｎｃｈｉ光栅条纹在空域中被载波频率所调制,该调制信号然后经低通滤波并解调得到相应于被测表面上每点高度的相位信息。数据处理中采用了相位展开技术以消除相位计算中的２π跳变值,最终重构被测的表面轮廓。用该法对复杂表面进行了测量,取得了满意的结果。由于这种方法只须一帧条纹数字图像直接在空域中进行处理就可获取每点的高度信息值,而无须如其它ＦＴＰ等方法所须的确定条纹级数或插值和曲线拟合等操作,数据处理速度更快,因此有较好的实用价值。     

基于小波变换的投影光栅条纹分析

投影光栅条纹相位法通常用于三维物体形貌的测量.采用小波变换直接提取单幅光栅条纹图像的相位分布,不需要进行相位展开,即可得到物体表面轮廓.给出了小波分析应用在空间载波光栅条纹相位分析中的理论推导证明、计算机模拟以及实验验证结果,讨论了小波分析的抗噪能力,证实了该方法的可行性.     

基于彩色光栅投影的相位测量轮廓术

提出一种新的基于彩色光栅投影的三维面形测量方法.将相移量为2π/3的RGB调制的正弦光栅复合成彩色光栅投影到被测物体表面,利用相移算法求解出相位,最终获得物体的三维数据.该方法只需一幅投影条纹图就可以完成三维测量,同时给出了理论分析和计算机模拟.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-