高精度多功能时间校验仪的研究与设计

高精度多功能时间校验仪是利用高精度GPS授时模块产生标准信号来驯服本地的压控恒温晶振,保证给系统提供高精度、高稳定度的时钟信号。在测量的方法上采用等精度测量法消除±1的测量误差,利用时间间隔测量法提高测量精度。同时选用荧光点阵显示屏,进行图文显示,具备了良好的人机接口。仪器还提供测量频率、周期、相位、日计时误差等功能,扩展了仪器的应用范围。     

高精度同步输出多功能发射控制技术

针对现有的电磁探测发射控制系统输出同步精度低、输出信号存在累积误差等不足,提出高精度同步输出发射控制技术。设计以GPS自带时钟源和高精度恒温晶振协同作为系统时钟,结合各自的优点,在GPS同步时,由GPS自带时钟源信号作为系统时钟;在GPS无法同步时,利用GPS秒脉冲信号对恒温晶振输出的分频信号进行同步校正作为系统时钟;根据发射频点的特点,选择合理的校正周期,采用最小公倍数法对输出信号进行同步校正,减少输出频率的误差。研究结果表明:输出同步精度可以达到100 ns级,满足20 mrad以内的相位测量精度要求。利用FPGA强大的计数和分频功能,实现输出波形和频率的多样化。该技术可实现扫频和手动2种发射模式,输出满足频率域电磁探测和时间域电磁探测的多种波形,可扩展性强,同步精度高,满足多功能电磁探测发射系统的控制要求。     

基于GPS技术的矿井地震仪研制

在介绍GPS技术的基础上,结合GPS授时功能,研制出一种矿井自记式地震仪.该仪器采用分布式采集、独立存储、集中回收的思想,为了实现多台仪器之间的严格时钟同步,在该仪器中使用了温度补偿晶振及相应的分频电路.给出了GPS对时电路、授时流程和仪器的实验测试结果.     

射频拉远系统中的时钟同步技术

针对射频拉远系统中基带控制部分和射频拉远单元之间的时钟漂移问题,提出了一种利用锁相环进行时钟同步的技术.该技术利用锁相环的特点,通过跟踪时钟漂移并对时钟信号进行预补偿来达到抵消时钟漂移的目的.分析了漂移的产生和影响以及补偿方案的可行性,设计并制作了集成在一块4层印刷电路板中的时钟同步模块.测试结果表明:加入时钟同步模块的时钟信号频率稳定度可达到1×10-12,较之无同步模块提高了4个数量级;对于10,km和100,km单程光纤链路,该方案能达到同样的效果.可见,采用该技术可以在较大的动态范围内补偿时钟漂移,从而提高时钟信号的频率稳定度.     

光纤通信 SDH 系统用石英晶体振荡器的研制

介绍了压控石英晶体振荡器的原理、设计特点和性能,针对光纤通信ＳＤＨ系统上的时钟频率源的基本原理和ＳＤＨ的网同步对网络单元时钟的要求,采用了适当频率温度曲线的谐振器、变容二极管移相器、高性能的放大电路、波形转换电路．振荡器具有高的稳定度、良好的调谐范围和占空比．当环境温度在０～７０℃范围内变化时,作为网络单元时钟的压控振荡器的频率漂移优于±１０－６,秒稳优于２．５×１０－９．     

基于GPS的破片测速多设备同步触发方法

针对破片测速多设备同步触发时易误触发，布线困难等问题，提出了一种基于GPS的破片测速多设备同步触发方法。利用GPS高精度的秒脉冲和UART时间信息周期性的同步设备系统时间；使用FPGA作为控制芯片，使用高精度晶振作为基准时钟，进一步降低误差。理论分析了在30秒同步一次情况下，双设备时间误差最大为8.4us，长时间GPS不同步时多台设备累积误差到达1ms时间为59分钟。利用示波器对GPS模块的秒脉冲信号精度做了验证，证明两个GPS模块秒脉冲之间误差在50ns以内。最后使用数据采集仪采集同一周期性三角波，设置为GPS触发方式。两台设备在同一时间触发，观察采集到的波形，两台设备的时钟误差在20us以内，验证了方案的可行性。     

光纤通信SDH系统用石英晶体振荡器的研制

介绍了压控石英晶体振荡器的原理,设计特点和性能,针对光纤通信ＳＤＨ系统上的时钟频率源的基本原理和ＳＤＨ的网同步对网络单元时钟的要求,采用了适当频率温度曲线的谐振器,变容二极管移相器,高性能的放大电路,波形转换电路,振荡器具有高的稳定度,良好的调谐范围和占空比,当环境温度在０～７０℃,范围内变化时,作为网络单元时钟的压控振荡器的频率漂移优于±１０＾－６ｍ,秒稳优于２．５×１０＾－９。     

基于I2C总线的多点温度采集系统设计

采用基于I2C总线的设计,工作模式为单主机多从机,以实现对多点温度的采集、读取与显示.主机由P89LPC922单片机、数码管显示模块、电源模块、报警模块、键盘模块等组成,通过按键确定进入温度测量状态,从总线上读取节点温度值并显示,时钟使用单片机内部的实时时钟RTC、外部6MHz晶振,CPU掉电运行,每0.5s唤醒一次.从机由LM75A数字温度传感器等组成,采集节点实时温度值,响应主机的请求发送温度数据.系统结构简单,操作方便,测量精度高,速度快,并具有报警功能,是一个综合处理多点温度信息的测量系统.     

分布式实时系统的集中式相对时钟同步方法

提出了集中式相对时钟同步方法,采用客户机/服务器模式,使用服务器的CPU时钟作为整个系统的全局时钟,时钟服务器周期性地轮换向各客户机发送时钟同步请求,克服了以往同步算法由于网络竞争引起附加延迟而造成的不精确的缺点,同时可以获得比物理时钟更高精度的时钟同步.测试结果表明:时钟同步进程周期在10 s以内时,同步后客户机的时间与服务器同步源的时间的偏离值一般在±5 μs以内.集中式相对时钟同步方法具有精度高、安全可靠、成本低三大优点.     

喷管管内流动参数的嵌入式智能测试系统

在原喷管试验台的基础上 ,引入嵌入式微控制器控制的实时智能测量系统 ,以AT89C5 2单片微控制器为主控芯片 ,集成了压力 (负压、差压 )、流量、温度、位移等高精度测量模块 ,增加了探针位移的自动调节和闭环控制 ,提高了测量精度和位移控制精度 测试结果表明 :该系统测试精度高、离散度小 ,不但能满足喷管管内流动参数实时、高精度测量的要求 ,有助于管内流动过程热力学状态参数基本变化规律的研究 ,也能应用于需要进行压力、温度、流量等测量的场合     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.