烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

建筑物室外环视中加速绘制算法

提出一种用于建筑物环视系统混合绘制的加速方法,场景划分为主体模型和层次环境的带有深度的图像缓存(sprite with depth),采用BSP树存储场景的具有深度的图像缓存,用模型对存储场景的BSP树应用三维裁剪算法来减少不必要的绘制,并在环视过程中采用生成替代图像缓存方法,加速环视场景的生成.     

空中目标特征识别的MRA-GVFS组合算法

目的提出一种空中目标特征识别的新算法。方法在轮廓线提取过程中,采用二维Bubble小波多分辨率分析来降噪并弱化伪边缘,采用GVFS法跟踪和提取目标体的边界,再利用多边形近似算法按指定的顶点数提取多边形,以使其和目标特征模板进行匹配。结果提出了一种六步算法。结论对直升机的空中图像进行了特征提取仿真,该方法对空中目标识别很有效。     

对称n筛计算式的应用

给出了以下四个计算公式及应用实例:①求不大于任一指定数a的自然数中存在多少个素数的计算公式。②求任意一个偶数都存在有多少对不同形式的1+1形式的计算公式。③求不大于任一指定数a的自然数中存在有多少对孪素数的计算公式。④求不大于任一指定数a的自然数中存在有多少对四重素数的计算公式。     

给予窄带信号DOA估计的宽带相干信号DOA估计方法研究

提出了一种用窄带信号的波达方向（DOA）估计方法与宽带聚焦的方法相结合来估计宽带相干信号的DOA的方法.先利用相干信号子空间法将带宽内各个频率点的信号子空间聚焦到参考频点下的同一信号子空间,然后利用窄带信号的波达方向估计方法对DOA进行估计.用了一种新的无需谱峰搜索并且不要对噪声方差进行估计的窄带SSESPRIT算法进行宽带波达方向的估计,为了比较又用了经典的需要进行谱峰搜索的窄带MUSIC算法进行宽带信号的一维及二维波达方向的估计,仿真实验结果验证了方法的有效性.     

计时量词“祀、年、岁、载”历时演变小考

地球环绕太阳一周的时间,今天用"年"表示,古代既可用"年",也可用"祀、岁、载"表示。"祀"出现最早,主要用于商代;"年"早在西周春秋时期就成为主要的计时量词;"岁"从上古到中古使用频率一直较高;"载"先秦偶尔用以计时,晚唐大量使用,元代以后用得较少。从用法上看,"数+年(祀)"可表序数也可表总数,"数+岁(载)"只表总数。唐宋时期"载"与"年"用法一样。另外"年"、"岁"还可用来纪龄。     

多模型的油藏模拟自动历史拟合方法研究

传统油气藏数值模拟通常仅建立单个随机地质模型，采用人工历史拟合方式获得符合油藏动态的地质模型并用于方案预测。但由于地质资料相对稀少且地层非均质性的客观事实存在，历史拟合问题必然存在多解性，所获得的单个地质模型无法保证准确反映地下真实情况。本次研究中首先利用静态地质资料生产大量随机实现，使用PCA降维方法减少模型数据量，再利用聚类方法挑选出多个特征各异的实现作为初始模型，采用基于SPSA算法的自动历史拟合方法，获得多个符合油藏动态却又包含不同特征的历史拟合模型。结果表明，多模型能够更接近地下的真实情况，产生的预测结果不再是单一动态曲线，而是具有多种开发可能性的一系列曲线，这样使预测更为科学可靠。     

硫醇和硫醚结构与密度关系的拓扑化学

根据分子拓扑不原理，以矩阵描述分子结构，用染色因子标识原子性质的差异，发展了一种适用于含杂原子的分子体系的研究结构与性能关系的新方法，并据此探讨了硫醇一硫醚的密度与分子结构的关系，提出了一个既能合理表征结构与性能的关系，又能预测密度的定量关系式。     

基于广义规范Huffman树的高效编解码算法

为了减少编码时消耗的时间和空间,以便适应实时处理,提出了基于广义规范Huffman树的高效数据压缩算法。该算法利用层次和概率表顺序,保证编、解码的唯一性;利用移动排序替代搜索;建立索引表来简化排序操作;融入均衡编码的思想。同时,根据编码思想提出了相应的解码算法。通过实际数据验证,与传统的Huffman算法相比,该算法在时间和空间效率上有了一定提高,且使得码字更为均衡。     

一种由微机到LED显示屏的图像信号传输的实现

分析了在LED显示屏中使用的BMP格式图像的结构，并对现有常用数据通讯的方式做出比较，从实际工程出发，同时选择了RS-232C和RS-485两种接口标准作为通讯方式，微机一侧采用VB编写通讯软件，LED显示屏一侧采用89C51单片机接收图像信号并控制显示的图像显示．     

基于MEMS加速度计的波高测量装置

利用加速度计浮标对海洋特定的参数波高进行监测。加速度计浮标运用三轴加速度计、陀螺仪、强磁场计以及电磁罗盘模块作为核心电路,利用惯性导航原理,采用四元素法进行坐标转换,并用低通滤波算法对采集信号进行处理,将滤波后的信号值进行二次积分可获取轴向位移,其中Z向位移用来计算波高,同时运用倾角测量原理计算上跨零点处浮标与水平面倾角,并用电子罗盘进行校正,以此来判断波向的方法。使用该波高测量装置对一系列波浪进行测量,并与电容波高传感器进行对比,实验结果表明:运用加速度计浮标测得竖直方向位移曲线,与电容式波高传感器实测曲线相比一致性较好,针对测量结果进行对比发现频域内分析方法误差更小。因此基于陀螺仪和加速度计的波浪观测装置能够满足波浪实验测量需求。