脑膜炎奈瑟菌致蒙医未成熟热、成熟热期发热模型建立研究

目的：建立脑膜炎奈瑟菌致家兔蒙医未成熟热期、成熟热期模型。方法：将16只家兔随机分为模型组8只和空白组8只,模型组经小脑延髓池内注入脑膜炎奈瑟菌混悬液,空白组注射等量生理盐水,正常饮食和活动,两组每隔20min测量体温、对照观察两组家兔症候表现。结果：造模之后模型组体温迅速上升,约2小时达高峰,高热持续约4小时,6小时后体温开始逐渐下降。观察其发热过程中的精神状态、活动、寒战、发热、被毛、呼吸、心跳、耳部血管、眼、鼻、舌、进食及进水量、尿色、气味、粪便颜色及软硬度等,个别还出现打喷嚏、抽搐等症候。其体温上升时期症候符合蒙医温病未成熟热期表现,高热平台期症候符合蒙医温病成熟热期表现。结论：脑膜炎奈瑟菌致蒙医未成熟热期、成熟热期模型符合蒙医温病病机变化特点,可作为蒙医温病未成熟热期、成熟热期相关性实验研究模型。     

家兔小脑延髓池注射大肠埃希菌致蒙医未熟热、成熟热证期症候研究

目的:探讨通过大肠埃希菌致家兔蒙医未熟热期、成熟热期验证其症候.方法:14只家兔,模型组8只,对照组6只,模型组采用大肠埃希菌小脑延髓池注射法造模,对照组正常饮食和环境条件,两组连续测量体温、对照观察症候表现.结果:造模后体温迅速上升,约2h达高峰,高热持续约7h,9h后体温开始逐渐下降.发热过程中出现精神、活动量、发热寒战、被毛、呼吸频率、心跳、耳及耳部血管、眼、鼻、舌、进食进水量、尿色与气味、粪便颜色与软硬度等方面的规律性变化,个别还出现打喷嚏、抽动、鼻尖湿润等症候.其体温上升期的症候符合蒙医疫因性温病未熟热期表现,高热平台期症候符合蒙医疫因性温病成熟热期表现.结论:大肠埃希菌致家兔未熟热期、成熟热期模型符合蒙医疫因性温病病机变化特点,可作为蒙医未熟热期、成熟热期相关的实验研究.     

感冒双解颗粒解热作用研究

目的 研究感冒双解颗粒解热作用.方法 采用大鼠干酵母和家兔细菌内毒素解热模型,给予高、中、低剂量的感冒双解颗粒浸膏粉,观察感冒双解颗粒对发热模型动物体温的影响,考察解热作用强度及时程.结果 感冒双解颗粒浸膏粉高剂量组(1.7g浸膏粉/kg)在给药后1.5～4 h能明显抑制干酵母模型大鼠体温升高,降温幅度约为0.7℃,而...     

大承气汤抗高热动物模型体温变化实验观察分析

目的:研究大承气汤对高热症SD大鼠模型的退热作用。方法:大鼠尾静脉注射浓度不一样的脂多糖(5、10、20、40、60、80μg/kg),对各组的体温变化进行观察记录,采用LPS最适宜的剂量建立脂多糖(LPS)大鼠发热模型。将40只SD大鼠随机分配为空白对照组、LPS模型组及大承气汤5、2.5、1.25 mL/kg组。对大鼠药物处理后每隔30 min测量一次体温,连续记录6 h,观察各组用药后体温变化,记录各自变化温度值,对退热效果进行对比与评价。结果:与模型组比较,大承气汤各剂量组退热作用均明显提升(P0.05),对LPS作用下的大鼠发热有很好的抑制作用。结论:大承气汤对LPS作用下的发热有良好的解热作用,而且呈现出剂量依赖型。     

柴黄颗粒对LPS诱导的鸡发热模型的影响

柴胡、黄芩、葛根等是古方小柴胡汤的加减方。实验通过观察柴黄颗粒（CHKL）0.2g/kg、0.6g/kg、1.0g/kg剂量对80μg/kgLPS诱导鸡发热模型的影响,考察了它们的解热作用和对LPS的耐受作用。结果发现,0.6g/kg、1.0g/kg剂量的CHKL对相同剂量的LPS诱导鸡发热均有显著解热作用;但不同剂量的CHKL在起效时间和作用效果上有所区别。     

小鼠腹腔注射卡介苗加脂多糖建立急性免疫性肝损伤的实验研究

目的比较卡介苗(BCG)加脂多糖(LPS)小鼠腹腔注射和尾静脉注射建立急性免疫性肝损伤模型的优劣。方法用不同剂量BCG和LPS腹腔注射诱导昆明小鼠建立急性免疫性肝损伤模型,与BCG 0.5 mg/只和LPS 7.5μg/只联合尾静脉注射诱导昆明小鼠建立急性免疫性肝损伤模型比较;以小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平变化及肝脏病理学检查指标作为肝损伤判断标准。结果BCG+LPS小鼠腹腔注射所造急性免疫性肝损伤模型,ALT和AST随注射剂量增加均逐步增高;第6组(BCG 0.5 mg/只+LPS7.5μg/只)和第13组(BCG1 mg/只+LPS15μg/只)相对较高。与空白组比较,ALT升高约3倍,AST升高1~3倍;肝组织病理损伤则随着BCG和LPS剂量增加逐渐升高。第5组大部分小鼠出现Ⅰ级或Ⅰ级以上肝细胞损害;第13组大部分小鼠出现Ⅱ级或Ⅱ级以上肝细胞损害。但与尾静脉注射造模相比,小鼠腹腔注射造模肝细胞损伤的特异性实验室指标ALT和AST表达不高,肝组织病理损伤较轻。结论"BCG+LPS"小鼠尾静脉注射建立急性免疫性肝损伤模型优于腹腔注射建立免疫性肝损伤模型。     

CUMS+LPS致小鼠抑郁模型的建立及人参皂苷Rb1的抗抑郁机制研究

采用慢性轻度不可预知刺激(CUMS)+内毒素(LPS)制备小鼠抑郁模型,并研究人参皂苷Rb1的抗抑郁作用及其机制.将C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、米诺环素(20 mg/kg)组、Rb1低、中、高剂量(5、10、20 mg/kg)组.模型与给药组小鼠每天给予CUMS刺激,正常组小鼠不予刺激.同时各组小鼠腹腔注射给予相应药物和溶媒,每天1次,共11 d;末次给药1 h后腹腔给予LPS 200μg/kg,24 h后检测相应指标.结果表明:人参皂苷Rb1能显著缩短抑郁小鼠悬尾不动时间(TST)与强迫游泳不动时间(FST),降低血清ACTH和CORT水平及炎症因子TNF-α浓度;能逆转抑郁小鼠海马BDNF表达减少.结果提示:CUMS+LPS能成功诱导小鼠抑郁模型;人参皂苷Rb1能显著改善模型小鼠的抑郁状态,机制可能与调控下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴过度兴奋、抑制炎症反应有关.     

TRPV1在LPS引起的大鼠发热伴疼痛或痛觉过敏中的作用

为探讨TRPV1在LPS引起的大鼠发热伴疼痛或痛觉过敏中的作用。采用经大鼠侧脑室给予TRPV1受体阻断剂辣椒平(Capsazepine,CPZ)、30 min后腹腔给予LPS诱导发热模型的方法。通过微电脑测温仪和足底疼痛测试仪间断观察大鼠体温(Tc)及痛觉潜伏期的变化;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-q PCR)检测给予LPS 6h大鼠POA和L3-L5段DRG部位TRPV1m RNA表达变化。结果显示:与对照组相比,CPZ组Tc和痛觉潜伏期无明显变化;LPS组Tc明显升高,潜伏期明显缩短;CPZ+LPS组Tc显著升高,但潜伏期明显延长。与LPS相比,CPZ+LPS组Tc升高显著,持续时间更久,潜伏期延长更加明显。相比Control组和CPZ组,LPS组POA和DRG部位TRPV1m RNA相对表达量均显著增加,CPZ+LPS组TRPV1m RNA相对表达量在POA部位无明显变化,在DRG部位显著增加。由此可知,正常体温状态下,TRPV1未参与大鼠体温及痛觉过敏的调节;通过阻断TRPV1使发热大鼠体温进一步升高,发热时程延长,痛觉潜伏期延长,表明发热时TRPV1被激活,对LPS诱导的发热具有一定的负调控作用,同时提高了痛觉敏感性;TRPV1可能在外周和中枢共同参与了体温调节和痛觉调制。     

应用内毒素致家兔发热模型研究小儿清热止咳颗粒的清热作用

小儿清热止咳颗粒是由小儿清热口服液改型剂而成。该配方由麻黄、苦杏仁、黄苓、板兰根等组成。作者应用内毒素致家兔发热模型对小儿清热止咳颗粒的清热作用进行了研究。结果表明 ,给予内毒素发热的实验家兔 0 5g/kg和 1 0g/kg小儿清热止咳颗粒灌胃 ,2h、3h、4h测量体温显示 ,该颗粒具有非常显著的清热作用 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,与小儿清热止咳口服液比较 ,证明该两种剂型的解热效果相同 (P >0 .1 )。     

柴芩解热颗粒对发热大鼠解热作用及血清TNF-ɑ、IL-1β、PGE2、AVP表达水平的影响

目的 观察柴芩解热颗粒对脂多糖(LPS)致热大鼠的解热作用及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-ɑ(TNF-ɑ)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)及精氨酸加压素(AVP)表达水平的影响.方法 将60只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(生理盐水+灌胃蒸馏水)、模型对照组(LPS造模+灌胃蒸馏水)、小儿柴桂退热颗粒组(LPS造模+灌胃3.6 g/kg小儿柴桂退热颗粒)和柴芩解热颗粒高、中、低剂量组(LPS造模+灌胃2.1 g/kg、1.05 g/kg、0.525 g/kg柴芩解热颗粒),每组10只.直肠测温确定各组大鼠温度变化；腹主动脉取血，分离血清，酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测TNF-ɑ、IL-1β水平；处死大鼠，取下丘脑，检测PGE₂、AVP水平.结果 与模型对照组比较，柴芩解热颗粒高剂量组有显著的解热效果(P<0.01).柴芩解热颗粒高、中、低剂量组均可降低大鼠血清中TNF-ɑ、IL-1β的含量，与模型组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.001);柴芩解热颗粒低剂量组可降低大鼠下丘脑...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.