TiO2 nanotube arrays and TiO2-nanotube-array based dye-sensitized solar cell

To substitute the non-regular nano-crystalline semiconductor for a novel kind of ordered microstructure is a very important aspect in the domain of dye-sensitized solar cell. One of the researching hot- spots is the highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube architecture. As a new type of titania nano-material, titania nanotube arrays have drawn extraordinary attention due to its distinctive morphology, notable photo-electrical and hydro-sensitive performance. At 100% sun the new kind of TiO2 nanotube arrays solar cell exhibits an overall conversion efficiency of 5.44%. This paper introduces the preparation methods of titania nanotube arrays, the existing problems and recent progress in titania nanotube arrays solar cell.     

利用射线束在TiO2纳米管上负载铜颗粒及其光电性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在钛金属表面制备出致密有序的TiO2纳米管阵列,利用紫外光和电子束辐照沉积技术分别在其上沉积铜纳米颗粒以提高其光电性能.利用场发射扫描电镜观察两种不同技术制备的TiO2纳米管阵列负载纳米铜结构的表面形貌.研究比较了不同制备方法得到的样品在紫外光和可见光照射下的光电效应,并讨论不同浸泡溶液浓度对其光电性能的影响.     

二氧化钛纳米管阵列的制备及光催化效果的研究

用阳极氧化法制备出高度致密、有序的TiO2纳米管阵列.利用SEM和XRD表征分析纳米管阵列的形貌和结构.分析结果表明:经过450℃退火后的TiO2晶相结构为夹杂少量金红石相的锐钛矿相.以甲基橙在水溶液中的光催化降解为实例,分别研究了TiO2纳米管阵列在可见光和紫外光激发下的光催化性能.实验结果表明:该阵列在紫外光激发下有较高的光催化效率,但在可见光照射下产生降解效果不太明显.     

有序排列二氧化钛纳米管的制备研究进展

介绍了模板法、在基底物质表面、阳极氧化等3种二氧化钛纳米管阵列制备方法的最新研究成果;同时对钛合金氧化制备复合金属氧化物纳米管阵列和自组装制备特殊功能TiO2纳米管阵列领域的研究进展进行了总结;在此基础上,提出了有序排列TiO2纳米管阵列制备方面存在的问题和今后的研究方向.     

A review on TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, properties, and sensing applications

Fabrication, properties, and sensing applications of TiO₂ nanotubes have been reviewed, and the highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays made by anodic oxidation in fluoride-contained electrolytes highlighted. The effect of anodization parameters (electrolyte, pH, and voltage) on the titania nanotube size and shape were discussed. The excellent biocompatibility of TiO₂, the high orientation, the large surface area with tunable pore sizes, as well as the high electron transfer rate along with the nanotubes make TiO₂ nanotube array an ideal substrate for the sensor’s fabrication and application. The sensors based on the TiO₂ nanotube arrays for sensing hydrogen, oxygen, humidity, glucose and hydrogen peroxide all exhibited low detection limit, high stability, very good reproducibility and high sensitivity.     

铁掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及可见光光催化性能

以硝酸铁为铁源,采用阳极氧化法一步合成Fe3+掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-VIS)等测试方法对催化剂进行表征,并通过可见光光催化降解甲基橙溶液,测定其光催化活性.结果表明:高度致密,规整有序的纳米管阵列垂直生长在钛基底表...     

阳极氧化法制备氧化钛纳米管阵列及光催化降解氯胺磷

采用阳极氧化法在氢氟酸+冰醋酸+聚乙二醇水溶液恒压处理钛箔,制备结构规整有序的高密度TiO2纳米管阵列.利用电子扫描电镜(SEM)和X线衍射仪(XRD)对纳米管形貌和结构进行表征,考察氧化时间对纳米管阵列形貌和尺寸的影响,绘制并分析电流-时间曲线.选用有机磷药氯胺磷为光催化降解对象,利用钼锑抗分光光度法测量并计算降解率,研究不同热处理温度和阳极氧化时间对光催化降解效果的影响,并采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2纳米薄膜进行光催化对比实验.     

UV-辐照TiO_2纳米管阵列脱色甲基橙废水研究

在近中性的电解液中,采用恒电压阳极氧化法制备了TiO2纳米管阵列膜催化剂,研究了阳极氧化电压、氧化时间、电解液中氟离子浓度等对二氧化钛纳米管阵列表观形貌的影响,并分析了其晶型.以甲基橙模拟废水为目标物,测试了催化剂的光催化脱色效率.结果表明:催化剂的制备条件影响其表观形貌和晶型,进而影响其光催化效率;本实验制备的TiO2纳米管阵列的孔内径约为30~50 nm,壁厚约20~25 nm;热处理前催化剂为无定形型,550℃下热处理后的催化剂晶型以锐钛矿为主;同直接光解相比,光催化脱色甲基橙废水的效率提高了40%.     

ZnO纳米管阵列/p-Si异质结构的低温控制合成及其光电性能

通过选择性腐蚀ZnO纳米棒,在p型Si衬底上低温合成了ZnO纳米管阵列,构成ZnO纳米管阵列/p-Si异质结构(n-ZnONT/p-Si).ZnO纳米管阵列光致发光谱显示,在378 nm处出现了很强的紫外发射峰,而在500 nm左右有一个较宽的绿色发光峰,表明ZnO纳米管具有较好的结晶性.电流-电压曲线显示,n-ZnONT/p-Si异质结构在光暗两种条件下都表现出了较好的整流特性.在紫外光照射下,反向偏压区电流出现了较大的变化,反映出n-ZnONT/p-Si异质结构有较强的紫外光响应,有望成为潜在的紫外光探测器件.     

搅拌方法对阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列的影响

将Ti箔在电压为40 V、温度为60℃,超声搅拌或磁力搅拌下质量分数0.25%的NH4F+体积分数2.5%的蒸馏水+乙二醇电解液中进行阳极氧化,以制备TiO2纳米管阵列;所制备的样品在空气中经450℃退火3 h。用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜对所制得的样品表面形貌和晶体结构进行表征。结果发现:磁力搅拌制得的样品表面被严重腐蚀;而超声搅拌下可制备出完整的TiO2纳米管,无腐蚀现象;阳极氧化后的TiO2纳米管为非晶态结构,经退火处理后转变为锐态矿结构。对不同搅拌方式影响TiO2纳米管阵列的形成机制进行了分析讨论。     

一维TiO_2纳米阵列的水热晶化及性能研究

文章采用电化学阳极氧化法以纯钛薄片为阳极,惰性电极石墨为阴极,以含0.4 mol/L HF的乙二醇溶液为电解液,在恒定的电压(100 V)下制备了TiO2纳米阵列,并分别通过水热法和高温退火对纳米阵列进行晶化处理;利用XRD、SEM、TEM、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)对纳米阵列的组织结构、形貌及光吸收性能进行了表征。在该体系下,制备出的TiO2纳米管阵列直径为120~140 nm,管壁厚为15~25 nm,长度为30~40μm。经过不同温度的水热处理或高温退火处理,均可得到锐钛矿相的TiO2晶体。通过电化学综合测试系统测定了晶化后的TiO2纳米阵列的线性伏安曲线,为提高光电催化效率做了理论分析。     

光化学沉积Ag纳米颗粒改性二氧化钛纳米管阵列的光催化及光电响应能力研究

利用电化学阳极氧化法制备出了高度致密,有序的二氧化钛纳米管阵列(TiNT).通过光化学沉积方法在二氧化钛纳米管表面沉积了Ag金属颗粒,并用SEM进行了表征,Ag颗粒的半径在100~500 nm之间.通过对光化学沉积后的TiNT样品进行光电响应和光催化降解测试发现:紫外光照射下改性样品的光电响应能力和光催化降解能力都有不同程度的提高,但在可见光下仍不具备光电响应能力和催化降解能力.     

K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3纳米管阵列的制备及其电学性能研究

以乙醇铌、乙酸钾和乙酸钠为原料,乙二醇甲醚为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)氧化铝(AAO)模板法制备K0.5Na0.5NbO3(KNN)纳米管阵列,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征KNN纳米管的物相、形貌和微观结构.研究表明,在700℃退火处理可获得结晶性较好,具有单斜钙钛矿结构的KNN多晶纳米管阵列.单根纳米管的外径约为200 nm,管壁厚约为20 nm.采用压电力显微镜(PFM)对单根KNN纳米管的压电性能进行表征,结果显示所制备的KNN纳米管具有明显的压电性能.     

Large scale production of carbon nanotube arrays on the sphere surface from liquefied petroleum gas at low cost

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a cheap industrial material, is used as carbon source to produce carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays on ceramic spherical surface on a large scale in the floating catalyst process. The ceramic spheres provide huge surface area and good mobility, leading to the mass production of CNT arrays continuously. The arrays obtained from the surface are of good alignment, and the purity is as high as 97.5%. With the decrease of the growth temperature, CNTs in the array form with small-diameter of about 13 nm can be obtained. Therefore, with the industrial fuel as carbon source and the ceramic sphere as substrate, CNT arrays can easily be produced on large scale at low cost.     

Synthesis of carbon nanotube arrays using ethanol in porous anodic aluminum oxide template

Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays confined by porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template were synthesized using ethanol as reactant carbon source at low pressure. Images by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and low magnification transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that these CNTs have highly uniform outer diameter and length, absolutely controlled by the diameter and depth of nano-channel arrays of the AAO. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging indicates that the graphitization of the CNT walls is better than the results reported on this kind of template-based CNT arrays, although it is not so good as that of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by catalysis. CNTs synthesized using acetylene as reactant gas show much less graphitization than those prepared using ethanol by comparing the results of HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy. The etchingeffects of decomposed OH radicals on the amorphous carbon and the roughness of AAO nano-channel arrays on the CNTs growth were employed to explain the graphitization and growth of the CNTs.     

基底预处理对于水热法制备ZnO微/纳米管阵列的影响

采用水热法系统研究了基底预处理(基底铺膜、不铺膜吹氮气处理和盐酸浸泡处理等)方式对于制备ZnO微/纳米管阵列的影响;结合ZnO晶体的微观结构,探讨了基底特征与ZnO微/纳米管阵列生长的内在联系.结果表明,采用高纯氮气和盐酸浸泡预处理基底均能制备得到ZnO微/纳米管阵列,并且这两种预处理方法制备出的纳米管在尺寸、形貌和分布上有所不同.ZnO微/纳米管成管机理研究表明,ZnO顶部锌终端对于生长微/纳米管起着决定性作用.     

NiO/TiO2纳米管阵列异质结电极的制备及光电化学性能

采用阳极氧化方法在金属钛表面制备TiO2纳米管阵列,管内径为60~90 nm,壁厚约为15 nm,长度为600 nm,通过化学镀Ni并结合空气中热处理过程,在TiO2表面生长出NiO纳米颗粒层,厚度约为200 nm,颗粒尺寸为20~40 nm,获得异质结型NiO/TiO2纳米管阵列复合电极.结果表明,在100 mW/c...     

Effect of TiO2 nanotubes lateral spacing on photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells

Vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays （-8 μm long, -110nm wide） have been fabricated through anodic oxidation of Ti-metal sheet in fluoride- containing electrolyte. By changing the volume ratio of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in the electrolyte, TiO2 nanotube arrays with different tube-to-tube lateral spacing, i.e., closely packed, just separated, and fully separated, have been synthesized and applied as photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. Photovoltaic efficiency of 2.99 %, 3.34 %, and 3.44 % has been obtained for DSSCs based on the closely packed, just separated, and fully separated TiO2 nanotube arrays, respectively, illustrating the effect of tube-to-tube lateral spacing of TiO2 nanotube arrays on the performances of DSSCs. It is suggested that fully separated TiO2 nanotube arrays are beneficial to the conversion efficiency of DSSCs due to higher dye loading and faster electron transfer.     

碳纳米管阵列储氢的物理吸附特性

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法,在室温、100大气压下对以方阵和三角方式排列的碳纳米管阵列的物理吸附储氢进行计算机模拟,发现氢分子可被吸附于碳纳米管阵列的管内和管外,管外的储氢密度普遍高于管内,方阵阵列优于三角阵列,并给出了相应的理论解释。     

多孔钛片上二氧化钛纳米管束的制备与表征

在氢氟酸电解液中采用阳极氧化法在多孔钛片上制备了二氧化钛纳米管束.考察了电压对二氧化钛氧化层形貌及温度对二氧化钛晶型的影响.制备的二氧化钛纳米管形貌,晶型及光催化性能分别采用SEM,XRD和光催化还原Pd2+沉积钯膜实验表征.SEM结果表明,最佳阳极氧化电压为30 V.在此电压下制备的二氧化钛纳米管长约为300 nm, 管径约为40 nm, 壁厚约为20 nm.XRD结果显示, 773 K退火后,二氧化钛为锐钛矿型;873 K退火后二氧化钛主要为锐钛矿型,含有2.99% 的金红石相;973 K退火后二氧