裂纹尖端的塑性区分析

应用叠加原理，将Ⅰ型，Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型裂纹尖端附近区域的应力场进行叠加，从而得到Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ复合型裂纹尖端附近区域的应力场。在此基础上，依据Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服准则，导出Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ复合型裂纹尖端的塑性区边界曲线方程。最后，对各种类型的裂纹尖端的塑性区进行了讨论。     

Ⅰ,Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端的塑性区分析

应用叠加原理,将Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型裂纹尖端附近区域的应力场进行叠加,从而得到Ⅰ,Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端附近区域的应力场。在此基础上,依据Mises屈服准则,导出Ⅰ,Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端的塑性区边界曲线方程。通过一个实例对塑性区的尺寸与形状进行了具体地分析和有意义地探讨。     

关于各向异性纤维复合材料板Ⅲ型,混合型裂纹尖端的应变能释放率

研究各向异性纤维复合材料板的断裂问题.首先给出了Ⅰ、Ⅱ混合型,Ⅲ型裂纹尖端的应力与位移公式的极坐标形式.其次将应力与位移代入应变能释放率的基本公式,推出了Ⅰ、Ⅱ混合型,Ⅲ型以及Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合型裂纹尖端应变能释放率的具体计算公式。     

静止平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场

在裂纹尖端的各理想塑性应力分量都只是θ的函数的条件下,利用平衡方程和Tresca屈服条件,导出了平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场的一般解析表达式。将这些一般解析表达式用于具体裂纹,就得到Ⅰ型裂纹、Ⅱ型裂纹及Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场的解析表达式。     

各向异性复合材料板混合型裂纹尖端的J-积分

利用叠加原理,将各向异性纤维复合材料单层板混合型裂纹尖端的力学模型-偏微分方程的边值问题化为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两个边值问题求解,应用复变函数公式,得到裂纹尖端的应力场和位移场的复形式,将其代入J-积分的一般公式,推出了各向异性纤维复合材料单层板混合型裂纹尖端J-积分的复形式--复变函数积分的实部,再利用柯西-古萨基本定理证明了该J-积分的路径无关性,进而利用柯西积分公式得到它的具体计算公式.     

双材料混合型界面裂纹尖端应力场、位移场

研究了正交异性双材料中心穿透界面裂纹问题。在特征方程组的判别式都小于零的情形下,求解一类广义重调和方程组边值问题,通过构造新的应力函数,推出了Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、混合型界面裂纹尖端的应力场、位移场及应力强度因子的解析表达式。其结果没有振荡奇异性及裂纹面没有相互嵌入现象,当上下半平面材料参数相同时,可获得正交异性单材料的应力场、位移场。     

正交异性复合材料板星形裂纹的应力分析

研究了正交异性板中星形裂纹的平面弹性问题.采用复合材料断裂复变方法,选取适当的保角映射和特殊应力函数推出了裂纹尖端附近的应力场及Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型星形裂纹应力强度因子的解析解.     

混合型应力强度因子的光弹性多参数测定

提高裂纹尖端应力强度因子值的计算精度,对于准确分析受力结构的起裂条件和破坏模式具有重要意义.本文采用3D打印技术获得了不含残余应力的平板模型,高精度打印预置裂纹避免了传统加工过程产生残余应力的缺点;综合考虑奇异场和非奇异场对裂纹尖端区域应力场的影响,引入远场边界控制的三个常数项应力,提出了光弹性多参数法;采用三点弯曲试验,运用最小二乘法计算了不同载荷下纯 Ⅰ 型和 Ⅰ-Ⅱ 混合型应力强度因子值,并与理论解对比分析.结果表明:对于纯Ⅰ 型应力强度因子,计算结果的平均误差为6.1%,对于 Ⅰ-Ⅱ 混合型应力强度因子,计算结果的平均误差分别为6.4%和5.5%,多参数法与理论解相比较小的计算误差验证了该方法的可靠性和准确性,可为精确计算应力强度因子的光弹性实验研究提供借鉴.     

T应力对扩展裂纹尖端塑性区域形状的影响

根据Williams级数解,裂纹尖端应力场由Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型应力强度因子及T应力共同控制。将裂纹尖端应力分量代入Von Mises屈服准则,建立裂纹尖端塑性扩展区模型。基于该模型获得了在不同Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合比断裂情况下裂纹尖端塑性扩展区形状随T应力的变化规律,并对Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型断裂在复合型裂纹断裂所占的比例、T应力大小及泊松比对塑性区域形状的影响进行了讨论。研究结果表明:正的T应力引起裂纹断裂角θ_0减小,加剧裂纹扩展;负的T应力导致裂纹断裂角θ_0增大,并抑制裂纹扩展;T应力为0或纯Ⅰ型裂纹尖端塑性区存在对称轴,存在T应力后,塑性区域呈不对称分布,T应力绝对值越大,塑性区域面积越大,T应力对裂纹尖端塑性区形状及尺寸大小均有很大影响。此外,不同Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹,塑性区域面积均随泊松比的增大而减小。塑性区变化的观测结果对进一步分析加载条件下Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹工程结构缺陷的疲劳和断裂具有重要意义。     

各向异性复合材料周期性Ⅱ型裂纹尖端应力分析

对各向异性复合材料板的周期性Ⅱ型裂纹尖端应力场进行了有关的力学分析,通过求解一类线性偏微分方程的边值问题,引入Westergaard应力函数、采用复变函数方法及待定系数法,给出在无穷远处受对称载荷τ作用下,周期性Ⅱ型裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,推出了各向异性复合材料板周期性Ⅱ型裂纹尖端附近应力场的理论计算公式。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-