N式砌块砌体受剪性能试验研究

对30个N式砌块砌体抗剪试件(其中未灌孔试件6个,灌孔试件24个)进行了受剪力学性能试验研究,了解了N式砌块砌体的破坏形态及破坏机理.试验结果表明,灌孔N式砌块砌体的受剪开裂荷载与极限荷载的比值随灌孔率的不同分别为:半灌孔试件77%~82%、全灌孔试件54%~59%.随着灌孔混凝土面积的增大,N式砌块砌体表现出越来越好的延性.未灌孔N式砌块砌体的抗剪强度平均值比砌体规范抗剪平均强度公式计算值高出11%,半灌孔N式砌块砌体的抗剪强度平均值比砌体规范平均强度计算值高出5%,全灌孔N式砌块砌体的抗剪强度平均值比砌体规范平均强度计算值高出74%~106%.     

承重型横孔连锁混凝土砌块砌体的抗剪性能

为研究承重型横孔连锁混凝土砌块砌体的抗剪性能,采用3种块型的砌块制作了砌体抗剪试件.每种块型的砌块试件均以3种砂浆强度为变量.首先对试件进行了静力剪切加载试验,观察试验现象,记录剪切破坏荷载.然后分析了影响砌体抗剪强度的主要因素,并和其他混凝土砌块砌体抗剪强度的试验结果以及规范计算值进行了对比.最后提出了考虑有效黏结面积计算混凝土砌块砌体抗剪强度的方法.研究结果表明:承重型横孔连锁混凝土砌块砌体的剪切破坏均为砂浆与混凝土砌块接触面的黏结剪切破坏.计算砌体抗剪强度时,应采用砂浆与砌块接触面的有效黏结面积;在此基础上,提出了承重型横孔连锁混凝土砌块砌体抗剪强度的计算方法,该方法不但可以准确计算该砌块砌体的抗剪强度,而且可以计算其他类型混凝土砌块砌体基于黏结剪切破坏的抗剪强度.     

EPS-棉秆纤维灌孔轻质复合砌块砌体的基本力学性能研究

为推广利用基于地方煤基固废资源和棉杆纤维资源的三低型复合砌块墙体结构在新疆地区村镇低层建筑中的工程应用,以砂浆强度和芯柱材料强度为变量,对57件(27件受压、30件受剪)复合砌体试件进行抗压和抗剪力学性能试验,并对试件的破坏过程、破坏形态特征、抗压及抗剪强度进行了分析。结果表明:当砂浆与砌块的强度比低于1.6时,砂浆强度的提升对三低型复合砌体的抗压强度影响较大;芯材部分对复合砌体抗压和抗剪强度贡献最大,且随着芯柱材料强度的提升,贡献持续增大。基于砌体实际强度测定方法,建立并拟合得出了适用于三低型砌块砌体的抗压强度、抗剪强度的平均值计算公式。这对了解EPS-棉秆纤维灌孔复合混凝土砌块砌体基本力学性能具有一定的参考价值,为其在实际工程中的应用提供科学的理论依据。     

灌孔N式砌块砌体抗压强度理论研究

对12个灌孔N式砌块砌体抗压试件(其中半灌孔试件6个,全灌孔试件6个)进行了受压性能试验,分析了灌孔砌块砌体受压的破坏形态和极限承载力.试验结果表明:N式砌块砌体与普通混凝土小型砌块砌体(标准砌块)相比,其独特的截面几何形状使得N式砌块砌体孔、肋具备良好的对齐率,较好地改善了砌块砌体的受压性能.对于灌孔N式砌块砌体,给...     

再生混凝土小型空心砌块砌体抗剪性能试验

制作了再生骨料掺入量为75%的再生混凝土小型空心砌块,进行了再生混凝土小型空心砌块块材抗压及抗折试验.研究结果表明再生混凝土小型空心砌块强度等级可以达到MU7.5.进行了再生混凝土小型空心砌块砌体抗剪性能试验,考察再生混凝土小型空心砌块砌体在不同砂浆强度下的抗剪承载力,分析了再生砌块砌体受剪破坏特征.研究结果表明:再生混凝土小型空心砌块砌体的抗剪性能和普通混凝土砌块砌体的抗剪性能基本相似,在剪力作用下发生了上层的通缝剪切破坏,砌块强度对砌体通缝抗剪强度影响不大,砌体抗剪强度随砂浆强度的增加而增大,由于破碎的再生骨料吸水性较大,再生混凝土空心砌块砌体的抗剪强度低于普通混凝土砌块砌体的抗剪承载力.在此基础上,通过对试验数据的回归分析,提出了再生混凝土小型空心砌块砌体的抗剪强度计算公式.     

N式砌块砌体受压性能研究

对6个未灌孔及12个灌孔的N式砌块砌体进行了受压性能试验研究,了解了N式砌块的破坏形态及破坏机理.试验结果表明,未灌孔的N式砌块砌体的抗压强度平均值较普通混凝土小砌块抗压强度平均值提高了30%～52%,灌孔的N式砌块砌体的抗压强度平均值较普通混凝土小砌块抗压强度平均值提高了8%～45%.分析表明,其强度提高的主要原因是N式砌块砌体实现了孔、肋对齐.     

灌孔混凝土砌块砌体受压性能研究

通过对灌孔混凝土砌块砌体中混凝土芯柱三向受压应力状态进行分析,提出了适用于灌孔混凝土受压弹性模量的计算方法.同时,基于大量的试验结果,提出了适用于灌孔混凝土砌块砌体的泊松比、峰值应变、极限应变等参数,并引入到Domingo J.Carreira等提出的混凝土本构模型中,得出了适用于灌孔混凝土砌块砌体受压的应力-应变全曲线公式.对比结果表明,计算值与试验结果吻合良好,可供灌孔混凝土砌块砌体结构设计和研究参考.     

白云岩砌体抗剪强度试验

介绍了一种高强石砌体 ,砌体由白云岩砌块和 C40小石子混凝土砌缝组成 ,通过对砌体试件在不同轴向力作用下的抗剪强度试验研究和非线性有限元模拟分析 ,得出该种砌体抗剪强度的经验公式和该种砌体抗剪强度与摩擦系数 ,研究成果已被世界第一大跨径石拱桥——丹河桥设计采用。     

新型复合砌块砌体的抗压强度计算

针对村镇建筑节能方面的不足,提出了一种新型复合砌块砌体结构,该结构砌体以EPS混合土为内芯、轻质混凝土空心砌块为外模组合而成。本文以2种外膜强度和3种内芯强度为影响因素共制作6片该新型复合砌块砌体试件,对试件进行了抗压性能试验,研究了该砌体的抗压性能,结果表明:该砌体的受压破坏过程与普通混凝土砌块砌体的受压破坏过程相似。在上述试验研究的基础上,运用变形协调条件和静力平衡条件,推导出该砌体抗压强度计算公式,并将公式的计算值与试验值进行比较,结果表明:计算值与试验值符合较好,且偏于安全,具有一定的参考价值,可作为此新型复合砌块砌体抗压强度的理论计算式。     

自嵌固生土砖砌体剪压复合受力试验研究

为了研究自嵌固生土砖砌体嵌固部位在剪压复合作用下的承载能力,在考虑其承受不同上部竖向荷载的情况下对18个自嵌固生土砖砌体试件进行了剪压复合受力试验,探究其受力性能、破坏机理及剪压相关性.试验表明砖体间咬合嵌固可起到销栓作用,表现出较好的抗剪能力.分析总结了砌体剪切、剪压和斜压三类破坏形态产生的主因,提出了自嵌固生土砖砌体剪压复合受力下砌体的抗剪强度计算公式,并与传统主拉应力破坏理论中砌体抗剪强度计算方法进行了对比,发现主拉应力破坏理论计算出的砌体抗剪承载力安全可靠,但较为保守.研究可为自嵌固生土砖砌体力学性能的进一步研究及设计应用提供试验成果及理论依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-