中国鲎β-actin基因的克隆与组织表达

中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)是一种古老的海洋动物.利用RT-PCR和RACE等分子生物学技术,获得中国鲎β-肌动蛋白基因(中国鲎β-actin,简称为TTBA)全长cDNA序列,总共1 515bp,包括70bp 5′非编码区(untranslated regions,UTR)、314bp 3′UTR和一个1 131bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF).ORF可编码376个氨基酸残基,总分子质量约为41 807.7u.同源蛋白的序列比较结果显示,TTBA推导氨基酸序列与其他物种具有很高的相似性,推测β-actin基因具有很高的遗传保守性.而基于β-actin蛋白序列比对而绘制的系统进化树显示中国鲎与其他节肢动物具有较高的相似性,此结果与其现行的分类地位基本一致.以Real-time RT-PCR法检测表明,在卵子发生各期的卵巢组织中TTBA表达量保持稳定(p>0.05),可作为定量检测的内参基因.     

拟松材线虫两个HSP基因的克隆与分析

采用RACE(快速扩增cDNA末端)技术从拟松材线虫中克隆了HSP70蛋白编码基因mc2和HSP90蛋白编码基因mc19,两个基因的全长cDNA分别为2 067和1 222 bp。生物信息学分析结果表明：mc2基因的ORF为1 926 bp,推测的编码蛋白包含642个氨基酸,分子质量为170.85 ku,等电点为4.69。mc19基因的ORF为1 083 bp,推测的编码蛋白包含361个氨基酸,分子质量为97.70 ku,等电点为4.83。多序列比对和系统进化树结果分析都表明,拟松材线虫的mc2、mc19基因的编码蛋白与植物寄生线虫HSP70和HSP90蛋白具有较高的同源性,拟松材线虫和松材线虫之间的亲缘关系尤其密切。     

拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白基因的克隆与分析

β-肌动蛋白广泛存在于真核生物中,在维持细胞结构、细胞运动和细胞分裂等生理活动中发挥着重要作用.运用RACE技术克隆了拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)β-肌动蛋白基因,并用RT-PCR方法检测该基因在成体各组织中的表达情况.拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白cDNA全长1 337 bp,5′端非编码区为67 bp,3′端非编码区为139 bp,开放阅读框1 131 bp编码376个氨基酸.拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白与其他节肢动物β-肌动蛋白氨基酸序列的相似性高达98％～99％.系统进化树显示拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白基因的分子进化地位与其生物学分类地位一致.半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,β-肌动蛋白基因在拟穴青蟹视神经节、脑神经节、胸神经节、性腺、鳃、心、胃、肌肉、肝胰腺共9个组织器官中的表达基本一致,具有良好的稳定性.     

赤点石斑鱼LECT2基因的克隆与组织表达分析

基于LECT2的EST序列设计特异引物,采用RACE技术,成功克隆获得赤点石斑鱼LECT2 cDNA全序列,全长601 bp,包括了79 bp的3′UTR区、468 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)以及54 bp的5′UTR区,共编码155个氨基酸.通过与21个物种的氨基酸序列进行同源比对发现,所推导氨基酸序列与大黄鱼的相似性最高,为78%,与其他物种的相似性在40%～73%之间,表明LECT2氨基酸序列具有较高的保守性.基于LECT2基因的氨基酸序列构建的脊椎动物系统进化树与传统物种树基本吻合.同时,通过RT-PCR方法得出,LECT2在健康赤点石斑鱼多种组织中均有表达,肝组织表达量最高,感染哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio barveyi)后LECT2在脾、头肾、鳃等免疫器官中有较高表达量,而在肝脏中表达量上调最为显著,其结果证实了LECT2与赤点石斑鱼免疫应答相关,肝脏可能是赤点石斑鱼LCET2蛋白最主要的表达场所.     

中华绒螯蟹Na+-K+-Cl-协同转运蛋白基因的克隆和功能分析

为研究Na~+-K~+-Cl~-协同转运蛋白(NKCC)基因在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)应对高盐胁迫过程中的作用,采用RACE技术首次克隆到中华绒螯蟹NKCC基因全长序列,运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对中华绒螯蟹NKCC基因进行组织定量,并进行生物学信息分析.结果表明:该基因的cDNA全长为4 127bp,其中5非编码区(UTR)长度为18bp,3非编码区(UTR)长度为944bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为3 165bp,编码1 054个氨基酸.理化分析预测其分子量为51.066kDa,理论等电点为4.65.预测中华绒螯蟹NKCC二级结构由12个跨膜结构域组成.同源对比结果显示:中华绒螯蟹NKCC的氨基酸序列与拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)NKCC相似度最高,为86.17%.系统进化分析表明中华绒螯蟹NKCC与拟穴青蟹、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、可口美青蟹(Callinectes sapidus)、蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)聚为一支.不同组织的荧光定量结果显示:NKCC基因在中华绒螯蟹的肠、脑神经节、胸神经节、鳃、胃、肝胰腺、肌肉、眼、心脏和血清中均有表达且在中华绒螯蟹肠的表达量最高.在盐度为25‰的急性胁迫下,NKCC基因在中华绒螯蟹肠中的表达量随着胁迫时间延长变化显著(P0.05),并在胁迫72h后恢复稳定.以上结果显示,NKCC基因参与了中华绒螯蟹渗透压调节,并在其渗透压平衡中发挥重要作用.     

异色瓢虫的HSP90基因的克隆与特性分析

采用同源克隆和锚定PCR技术,从异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)中克隆到热休克蛋白HSP90基因的cDNA全序列(Genbank number:FJ501962)。cDNA全长2 480 bp,包含3′非编码区域(UTR)为200 bp和5′UTR为126 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长2 154 bp,编码717个氨基酸。预测的相对分子质量为82 230,理论等电点为4.96,无糖基化位点、跨膜结构和信号肽。在N端具有HSP90基因保守的ATPase结构,含有HSP90家族的C末端的保守序列EEVD。与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum相比较,同源性高达90%,系统发育分析也表明两者的亲缘关系最近。HaaHSP90基因的克隆和比较分析为进一步深入研究异色瓢虫的抗逆机理及其进化具有重要意义。     

拟穴青蟹ANT2基因的克隆与低温胁迫表达分析

腺苷酸转移酶(ANT)是线粒体中最丰富的蛋白质之一,其主要作用是介导ADP/ATP在细胞质和线粒体基质之间的运输.为探讨该基因在拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)低温适应中的作用,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)、cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)等技术,从拟穴青蟹中获得了ANT2的cDNA全长序列,并运用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术检测了ANT2在不同组织和不同温度下的表达谱.该序列全长1 348bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为930bp,编码309个氨基酸残基.同源分析显示,该蛋白具有3个保守的线粒体跨膜功能结构域,形成能量分子传导转运通道,催化细胞质中ADP和线粒体内ATP的跨膜交换.qPCR结果表明ANT2基因在拟穴青蟹多个组织中均有表达,且表达量不同,表明ANT2基因具有组织表达特异性.第1期仔蟹在10,15,20,25℃不同温度条件下,在1,3,12,24,36h,10和15℃组表达量显著低于20和25℃组(p0.05);且在1,3,6,12,24h,10℃组的表达量显著低于15℃组表达量(p0.05).15℃组在48h内,ANT2呈现高低起伏的表达模式.拟穴青蟹第1期仔蟹ANT2基因表达变化,提示该基因与能量代谢功能相关,可能参与拟穴青蟹低温胁迫应答.     

异色瓢虫的HSP 90基因的克隆与特性分析

 采用同源克隆和锚定PCR技术, 从异色瓢虫 Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)中克隆到热休克蛋白HSP 90 基因的cDNA全序列（Genbank number: FJ501962）。cDNA全长2 480 bp,包含3′非编码区域(UTR)为200 bp和5′UTR为126 bp,开放阅读框(ORF) 长2.154 bp,编码717个氨基酸。预测的相对分子质量为82.230, 理论等电点为4.96,无糖基化位点、跨膜结构和信号肽。在N端具有 HSP 90 基因保守的ATPase结构,含有HSP90家族的C末端的保守序列EEVD。与赤拟谷盗 Tribolium castaneum 相比较,同源性高达90%,系统发育分析也表明两者的亲缘关系最近。 HaaHSP 90 基因的克隆和比较分析为进一步深入研究异色瓢虫的抗逆机理及其进化具有重要意义。     

赤点石斑鱼ICLP基因的克隆和序列分析

MHC class II invariant chain-like proteins(ICLP)因子与免疫反应密切相关,其参与对抗原的处理,保证多肽不被进一步降解为氨基酸.通过RACE反应获得赤点石斑鱼ICLP2cDNA全序列,全长1 837 bp,包括44 bp的5′UTR区,861 bp的开放阅读框以及932 bp的3′UTR区.编码286个氨基酸,推测的蛋白质分子量为31 878 u.对赤点石斑鱼10个组织的ICLP2基因进行PCR扩增和测序,结果表明赤点石斑鱼ICLP2基因的表达不存在组织特异性.此外,氨基酸序列同源比对的结果表明,赤点石斑鱼与其它16种脊椎动物ICLP2的相似度在25%～78%之间,与狼鲈和鳜鱼ICLP2因子的同源程度最高,分别为78%和74%.根据ICLP的氨基酸序列构建的脊椎动物系统进化树,表明了该分子的氨基酸序列可以作为研究鱼类物种间进化关系的良好指标.     

赤点石斑鱼MHC IA基因的克隆与表达多态性分析

采用RACE技术,成功克隆获得赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)非特异性免疫因子MHC IA基因的4个cDNA全序列,序列全长为1 680bp,含有3′UTR、启动子、多肽结合区(α1)、IGC区(α2)、跨膜区、胞质区和5′UTR区,编码区大小为1 074～1 080bp,共编码357～359个氨基酸,推测蛋白质分子质量约41.66ku.氨基酸序列分析发现赤点石斑鱼MHC IA分子具有经典MHC蛋白分子的空间结构,在多肽结合区则存在极其丰富的变异.利用Real time PCR和SSCP技术研究了赤点石斑鱼MHC IA的组织表达特异性和表达多态性,发现其在头肾、心、肝等12个组织器官中均能有效表达,在头肾,脾,胸腺等免疫组织表达量不仅高,表达多态性也异常丰富,而在与外界环境接触较多的鳃、肌肉、肠等组织表达较弱.此外,根据MHC IIB分子中相对保守的IGC区氨基酸序列构建了脊椎动物的系统进化树,也表明了该分子的IGC区氨基酸序列可以作为研究鱼类物种间进化关系的良好标记.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-