超星系团间作用力

根据哈勃定律v=H0r,计算超星系团所受斥力,考虑到超星系团在宇宙中分布可以认为是均匀的,证明,在宇宙的大尺度上,两个超星系团之间的斥力与二超星系团之间的距离平方成反比。     

欧航局发现已知最大质量星系团

欧洲航天局8月25日宣布，天文学家利用欧洲XMM牛顿天文望远镜在宇宙深处发现了已知最大质量的星系团，这一发现可间接印证宇宙中暗能量的存在。当天发表的公报介绍说，专家日前用XMM牛顿天文望远镜对天体进行观测时，意外发现了目前编号为“2XMM J083026＋524133”的庞大星系团，它包含的星系质量总计大概相当于1000个银河系。     

科技视野

欧航局发现已知最大质量星系团欧洲航天局8月25日宣布,天文学家利用欧洲XMM牛顿天文望远镜在宇宙深处发现了已知最大质量的星系团,这一发     

什么是椭圆星系？

春天的星座一升上来，想要观测宇宙深空天体的天文爱好者，还有一些天文学家，便开始忙碌起来。这是因为，在后发座和室女座所在的天区有特别多的星系。大量星系聚集在这里形成了两个“星系团”。通常，一个星系团的直径能达到数千万光年，并包含有成百上千个星系。     

外噪声对V型阵发李指数标度律的影响

讨论了外噪声对V型阵发李指数标度律的影响,找出了无噪声时V型阵发李指数的标度律。当外噪声强度σ增加到一定值时,李指数明显偏离标度律。     

人类身居何处?

正"我们处在茫茫宇宙中本超星系团室女座星系团本星系群银河系猎户座旋臂上太阳系中地球的某一个角落里,恰如沧海一粟。"四方上下曰宇,古往今来曰宙。浩瀚宇宙中,人类到底身居何处?这或许是我们每个人心中都曾经有过的疑问。毫无疑问,我们生活在地球上。地球是太阳系八大行星之一,按距离太阳由近及远的次序排为第三,是目前宇宙中已知存在生命的唯一天体。     

踏上宇宙边界之旅（下篇）

在上一期．我们离开地球进入了银河系，现在我们将逐渐离开银河系向宇宙的深处挺进。我们可能会遇到各种各样的星系团、黑洞、超新星爆发以及在我们面前诞生和死亡的恒星。     

壁湍流标度律与流动结构实验分析

标度律是研究湍流统计和湍流级串的重要工具,文中应用PIV系统的分辨率较高和帧率较高的特点,对在动量损失厚度雷诺数Re=2694时实验区域的脉动速度数值进行测量,利用统计学和小波分析的方法对SL标度律的间歇参数和最奇异标度指数进行拟合分析.从结果中可看出,SL标度律的间歇参数并不是一个固定的数值,而是和尺度的大小及壁面位置有关;SL标度律的另一个参数最奇异标度指数是随着壁面距离和尺度的增大趋于稳定,在大尺度上与壁面的距离无关.小波分析重构前后的流动图案显示也验证了湍流的级串过程及标度律运算的正确性.     

关于标准映象的一个逼近映象

考虑了一个函数ｆ（θ）＝θｃｏｓπθ构成的二维映象，用Ｇｒｅｅｎｅ发展的对标准映象的最后ＫＡＭ曲线的准确数值方法．计算出了从局部混沌到整体混沌的的临界参数值，同时也计算出了周期点处的余数和标度因子等．余数呈现周期３收敛，标度律也具有周期三标度．这与标准映象的余数的收敛和标度律的标度有所不同，但从标度因子的角度来看所考虑的二维映象却能很好地逼近标准映象．     

原初扰动谱的标度不变性和早期宇宙模型

一个可行的早期宇宙模型必须给出近标度不变的原初扰动.我们讨论了由主导背景演化的场导致标度不变的原初扰动的各种可能性及相应早期宇宙模型的各种可能的实现方案.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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