BST/MgO复合陶瓷的结构和介电性能

采用陶瓷烧结工艺制备了BST/MgO复合陶瓷,研究了不同MgO含量对材料微观结构和介电性能的影响.实验结果表明:BST/MgO复合陶瓷中只存在BST和MgO两相,Mg元素大部分以MgO独立相的形式存在,少部分固溶到BST晶格中;加入MgO有细化晶粒的作用,使晶粒大小更均匀;BST/MgO复合陶瓷比纯BST的相对介电常数和介电损耗均有明显下降,随着MgO质量分数的增加,相对介电常数下降,介电损耗略有增加.当频率为1 MHz,MgO质量分数为20%时,相对介电常数和损耗分别为315和0.004 8.     

锆钛酸钡基陶瓷的制备及性能研究

目的 制备BaZr0.1 Ti0.9 O3基陶瓷.方法 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备BaZr0.1 Ti0.9 O3基陶瓷.利用XRD,TEM和SEM等表征分析了样品的物相及微观形貌,并研究了BaZr0.1 Ti0.9 O3基陶瓷在不同烧结温度下的介电性能.结果 BaZr0.1 Ti0.9 O3基陶瓷的最佳烧结温度为1280℃,此时陶瓷的致密性较好,结晶度高且晶界明显,测试温度在20℃附近且频率为1 k H z时介电常数达到最大为22100,介电损耗较小约为0.0058.结论 不同烧结温度下的BaZr0.1 Ti0.9 O3基陶瓷样品均为单一的四方相钙钛矿结构,样品的平均粒径和最大介电常数随着烧结温度的逐渐升高而呈现出增大的趋势.     

掺杂方式对Mg：Ba0．3Sr0．7Zr0．18Ti0．82O3陶瓷微结构及性能的影响

采用溶-凝胶法制备Mg：Ba0．3Sr0．7Zr0．18Ti0．82O3陶瓷粉末,以传统陶瓷制备工艺制备Mg元素掺杂的Mg：Ba0．3Sr0．7Zr0．18Ti0．82O3陶瓷．研究MgO掺杂量为1．6％（质量分数）时,MgO固相掺杂和Mg计湿化学法掺杂两种不同的掺杂方式对Mg掺杂的Mg：Ba0．3Sr0．7Zr0．18Ti0．82O3陶瓷显微结构及电学性能的影响．研究结果表明,当Mg掺杂量相同时,掺杂方式对Mg掺杂的Mg：Ba0．3Sr0．7Zr0．18Ti0．82O3。陶瓷的显微结构和电学特性有显著的影响,相比纯的Mg：Ba0．3Sr0．7Zr0．18Ti0．82O3陶瓷,两种掺杂方式中,Mg2＋湿化学法掺杂相对于MgO固相掺杂,在BSZT陶瓷中的分布更均匀,替位程度更高,所以其对介电常数的影响也相对更大．而MgO固相掺杂相对于Mg2＋湿化学法掺杂明显地促进了陶瓷晶粒的生长,提高了陶瓷的致密性,同时其击穿电场和电阻率也有较大提高．1350℃下烧结的固相MgO掺杂的Mg：Ba0．3Sr0．7Zr0．18Ti0．82O3陶瓷性能较优,介电常数约为590,介电损耗低于0．0005,电阻率为7．78×10^13Ω·mm,击穿场强为6．56kV／mm．     

液固混合烧结制备渗流型镍锌铁氧体/钛酸钡复相陶瓷

利用自燃烧法制备Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体,利用溶胶凝胶法配制BaTiO3溶胶,通过BaTiO3溶胶混合Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体烧结制备得到xNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/(1-x)BaTiO3复合粉体,再将其压成片状或环状后,在不同温度下成功烧结制备了渗流型复相陶瓷.研究了xNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/(1-x)BaTiO3中镍锌铁氧体的摩尔分数x对陶瓷介电性能和磁性能的影响,结果表明:当x≤0.5时,复合体系与传统渗流型复合材料相似,介电常数随着x的增加呈指数性增长;当x0.5时,复相陶瓷在低频下的介电常数基本上不随x变化而变化,稳定在10 kF/m左右;随着x从0.5增加到0.9,磁导率可从5 H/m升高至18 H/m.很明显,利用液固混合烧结方法,可以制备得到一种同时具有高介电常数和一定磁导率的复相陶瓷.     

0.85PZN-0.10BT-0.05PT陶瓷烧结工艺及性能

采用二次合成法制备了 0 .85Pb(Zn1/3Nb2 /3) O3 0 .1 0 Ba Ti O3 0 .0 5Pb Ti O3弛豫铁电陶瓷 ,探讨了烧结温度对陶瓷相结构和晶粒的影响 ,优化了烧结工艺 ,并在此基础上研究了陶瓷的介电性能和电致伸缩性能。结果表明 ,陶瓷中钙钛矿相的含量随烧结温度的升高而不断增加 ,而升高预烧温度对提高钙钛矿相的结构稳定性不利。优化烧结工艺后 ,获得了 1 0 0 %钙钛矿相的陶瓷 ,其峰值介电常数为 60 67,在电场为 2 0 0 0 V/ mm时电致应变可达 5.5× 1 0 -4 。     

高介电陶瓷CaCu3Ti4O12的制备及性能研究

对CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷的制备及性能进行了研究,X射线衍射分析结果表明:将混和、研磨好的粉料在900℃和950℃预烧后获得了CaCu3Ti4O12单相粉料.通过合成过程的成分变化,对CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷粉末的具体合成过程作出了表述.将预烧后的粉末压制成型,在不同的温度下烧结,介电测试结果表明,1 075℃烧结的CaCu3Ti4O12多晶陶瓷的相对介电常数最高,最高值可达1.23×105;1 060℃烧结的CaCu3Ti4O12多晶陶瓷的介电损耗最小,最小值为0.076.从SEM照片可以看出,1 060℃烧结的陶瓷晶粒均匀细小,粒度不超过5μm,致密性良好;1 075℃烧结的陶瓷呈现大块粘连状态,只在少数区域看到平均粒径超过10 μm的晶粒群.可见CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷的介电性能与晶粒尺寸有着很大的关系.     

烧结温度对BaCu3Ti4O12介电性能的影响

利用固相反应法在950℃预烧结、不同烧结温度条件下制备了BaCu3Ti4O12（BCTO）陶瓷样品,测量了各样品在不同频率下的介电常数和介电损耗随温度的变化关系,发现BCTO的介电常数比BaCu3Ti4O12的介电常数小。容差因子计算发现BCTO的晶体结构容易畸变,XRD图分析表明样品中除了舍有BCTO晶相外,还舍有Cu3TiO5和Cu3TiO4等杂质,从而大大降低了BCTO的介电常数。     

水热前驱体法低温合成Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3-PbTiO3

目的制备纯钙钛矿相的Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3-PbTiO3(PMW-PT)陶瓷。方法以Mg(Ac)2·4H2O,Pb(Ac)2.4H2O,Na2WO4·3H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,NaOH调节反应体系的pH值9～13,在200℃下12 h水热合成PMW-PT前驱体,通过煅烧该前驱体制备纯钙钛矿相的PMW-PT粉体。通过XRD分析研究水热处理温度、反应时间、溶液pH值以及煅烧温度对PMW-PT相和中间产物Pb2TiWO7相生成过程的影响。结果水热处理的粉体转化为钙钛矿相PMW-PT最佳煅烧温度为800℃,压片后1 000℃烧结2 h制备的PMW-PT陶瓷,介电常数为12 067(1 kHz)。结论与固相法和半化学法相比,这种方法制备的钙钛矿PMW-PT粉体在较低的温度下生成,而且陶瓷的介电常数较高。     

BaNd0.01Ti1.02O3陶瓷的制备及其介电性能

目的研究钛过量对溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺钕钛酸钡粉体及其陶瓷的相组成、显微结构和介电性能的影响。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法制备BaNd0.01Ti1.02O3纳米晶粉体及其陶瓷，通过TEM，SEM，XRD等对钛酸钡基纳米晶粉体及其陶瓷的相组成和显微结构进行了表征，并测定陶瓷的介电性能。结果溶胶-凝胶法合成出BaNd0.01Ti1.02O3纳米晶粉体(35—50nm)，主晶相为立方相，在1350℃／2h烧结后为四方相细晶陶瓷，其居里温度为100℃，最大介电常数为8596，介电损耗为0．014。结论溶胶-凝胶法可制得BaNd0.01Ti1.02O3纳米晶粉体及其细晶陶瓷，钛过量可改善陶瓷的微观形貌和介电性能。     

烧结温度对LaMgAl_（11）O_（19）-Al_2O_3复相陶瓷的致密度和显微形貌的影响

以自制LaMgAl11O19（LMA）片状晶和α-Al2O3粉体为原料,采用无压烧结工艺在不同温度（1500℃、1550℃、1600℃、1650℃）下制备了LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷的体积密度和显微形貌的影响。结果表明,LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷的体积密度随烧结温度的升高呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,当烧结温度为1650℃时可制备获得较为致密的LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷,添加10wt%的LMA片状晶对LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷的致密度没有明显影响,但LMA片状晶的加入能够起到使Al2O3晶粒细化的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-