通过枝晶间距反求薄带连铸界面的热流

根据导热微分方程，推导出了在二次枝晶间距基础上计算双辊薄带连铸界面传热热流的数学解析式，并以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢作为研究对象，进行了数值计算.数值计算结果表明，随着凝固时间的增加，界面热流密度呈下降趋势；在弯月面附近热流密度下降速度很快，越靠近Kiss点，热流密度下降速度越慢；薄带连铸界面热流密度的计算数值与文献所报道的实验数据在同一个数量级上.此外，进一步的计算还表明，双辊薄带连铸属于亚快速凝固过程，这与实际情况是一致的.     

双辊连铸薄带凝固组织仿真模拟的微观模型

在研究双辊薄带连铸工艺凝固过程的基础上,运用金属凝固的基本原理并用现代计算机仿真技术建立了双辊连铸薄带凝固的形核、枝晶尖端的生长动力学、柱状晶向等轴晶生长的转变（CET）的解析模型及仿真模型,为双辊连铸薄带凝固组织形式的仿真模拟奠定了基础。     

双辊薄带连铸熔池内钢液流动的混合行为

采用数值模拟的方法研究了双辊薄带连铸熔池内钢液的传输行为,分析了采用V形布流系统时熔池内钢液的流动状态和混合特性.计算了熔池自由表面处的湍流动能大小和流体停留时间分布.结果表明,钢液在熔池内均匀分布,有利于薄带坯的均匀凝固.侧封板处钢液更新速度加快,液面波动加强,有利于防止液面结壳.     

双辊薄带下不锈钢铸轧过程的耦合数值模拟

采用有限元法模拟了双辊铸轧不锈钢过程的流热耦合问题;分析了铸轧速度对熔池内流场、温度场的影响以及流场与温度场之间的相互影响;给出了凝固过程中熔池与铸轧辊之间的热流密度变化趋势及随铸轧速度的变化规律,并把此模拟的结果与试验的结果相比较,吻合较好;通过熔池内温度场及温度梯度分析了熔池内凝固的发展及其对热流密度变化的影响·此模拟结果可以为控制铸轧过程的稳定提供有效的数据     

对不同条件下连续铸轧模型的辊套热分析

基于有限元分析软件Procast的连铸模块,建立了三维连续铸轧模型和数学传热模型.模拟实现了板带的连续生长,同时模拟了不同拉速和不同辊套材料条件下低碳钢双辊铸轧过程中辊套的热分布情况,揭示了不同拉速和不同辊套材质下,低碳钢在铸轧过程中辊套的温度场变化规律,基于这些规律提出一些提高辊套的寿命措施.     

双辊薄带连铸铸辊材质及水冷结构分析

比较了不同成分铜合金的高温表面强度、抗拉强度,模拟冷却孔数量对热传导和温度场的影响规律.选用铬锆铜合金制成了双辊薄带连铸铸辊,在相同的工艺条件下分别采用合金钢铸辊和铬锆铜合金铸辊进行了高速钢双辊薄带连铸实验.结果表明:铬锆铜质铸辊的冷却能力较合金钢质铸辊提高60%,铜辊铸带中心层质量提高,裂纹减少;铜辊铸带的奥氏体晶粒度较钢辊铸带提高一级,凝固过程中析出的共晶碳化物也以颗粒状和鸡爪状为主,没有发现钢辊铸带中存在的半网状共晶碳化物.     

双辊薄带连铸温度场与凝固组织数值模拟研究

为了解决薄带连铸工业生产线调试过程中断带、铸带鼓包等问题,提高薄带连铸凝固组织表面质量,基于ProCAST有限元软件,建立双辊薄带连铸工艺的非稳态模型,对Q195凝固过程的温度场及凝固组织进行模拟,采用单一变量法,研究不同工艺参数,包括浇铸温度、拉坯速度、换热系数及熔池高度对凝固过程温度场与凝固组织的影响规律。结果表明,现有工况条件Q195钢双辊薄带连铸过程中在最优参数为浇铸温度1 590℃、拉坯速度为1.0 m/s、换热系数为2 000 W/(m²·K)、熔池高度为188 mm时,能够有效防止鼓包和断带,细化晶粒,提高薄带坯的质量。研究薄带凝固过程中的温度场、凝固组织及应力场的变化规律,对提高带材质量、推动薄带铸轧工艺国产化具有重要意义。     

双辊薄带连铸低碳微合金钢的铸态组织

采用双辊薄带连铸技术制备了低碳微合金钢薄带，利用OM，SEM和TEM对铸态凝固组织、室温组织、析出及位错进行观察和分析.结果表明:低碳微合金钢铸带的凝固组织中二次枝晶间距约为12~15μm，相对于传统厚板坯和薄板坯连铸，铸带组织得到了明显细化.铸带的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸比较粗大，约为250~410μm，其组织由魏氏铁素体、珠光体和不规则铁素体组成.铸带组织中存在纳米级TiC析出和短棒状的渗碳体.TiC析出没有被薄带连铸的凝固过程及二次冷却过程明显抑制.铸带组织由于铸轧力及二次冷却速率不均匀导致大量位错的产生.     

薄带铸轧过程中微观偏析的模拟

针对薄带铸轧过程冷却速率大的特点,采用微观偏析模型对碳钢在薄带铸轧过程中溶质元素的微观偏析进行了模拟,通过模拟给出了铸轧凝固过程中固相率随温度的变化规律,固相率仅在很窄的温度范围内迅速增加·同时给出了冷却速率对溶质元素偏析的影响规律,随冷却速率的增加,溶质元素晶间偏析增大,而晶内偏析较小·在此基础上给出了碳钢薄带双辊铸轧过程中凝固终了温度值,为确定铸带凝固终了点的位置及铸轧过程的稳定性提供了有效的数据,为铸轧薄带的质量分析提供了理论依据·     

镁合金薄带双辊铸轧过程的数值模拟

基于立式薄带双辊铸轧工艺的特点,采用有限元法求解镁合金薄带双辊铸轧过程的三维宏观传输方程,并应用ANSYS软件的智能网格划分技术,实现了对铸轧过程中熔池内部温度场、速度场及凝固过程的耦合模拟.分析了铸轧速度及浇注温度等主要工艺参数对熔池内流场、温度场和凝固终了点的影响规律.研究结果表明,随着浇注温度和铸轧速度的增加,熔池出口处的温度升高,凝固终了点向熔池出口处移动.通过对模拟结果的讨论,给出了适合镁合金薄带铸轧过程的工艺参数:浇注温度为640~660℃,铸轧速度为20~30 m/min.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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