雪崩光电二极管反向偏压电路设计及仿真

为解决雪崩光电二极管正常工作时需要的直流反向偏压问题, 提出了利用电感式升压电路的设计方法。该方法利用开关管、 单电感、 电容、 电阻对5 V直流电进行升压, 结合555芯片组成的压控振荡器产生频率信号, 控制开关管的导通与关断, 并利用反馈电路控制压控振荡器的频率, 同时采用Multisim9进行仿真。仿真结果表明, 当输入电压为5V时, 输出电压为160.096 V且保持稳定不变, 解决了雪崩光电二极管在正常工作时需要在阴极加上很高直流反向偏压的问题。     

雪崩光电二极管数控偏压源的设计

为保证雪崩光电二极管(APD)在温度变化的情况下始终处于最佳工作状态,人们研究了多种偏压控制方案。针对传统的偏压控制存在的缺陷,文章从APD的倍增机理出发,分析了温度对雪崩增益的影响,得到偏压与温度的特性曲线。基于偏压的虚警控制原理,利用单片机便于数据处理和存储的特点,设计了一个自动跟踪雪崩管击穿电压的数控偏压电路。该电路能在温度大幅度变化的情况下保证APD正常工作,适合于高频连续信号检测的光电系统。     

1.8 GHz宽带低相位噪声CMOS压控振荡器设计

采用一种基于开关电容阵列(SCA)和尾电流源处加入电感电容滤波相结合的电路结构,设计了一个1.8 GHz宽带分段线性压控振荡器.采用TSMC 0.18μm 1P6MCMOS RF工艺,利用Cadence SpectreRF完成对电路进行的仿真.结果显示,在电源电压VDD=1.8 V时,控制电压范围为0.6~1.8 V,频率的变化范围为1.43~2.13 GHz,达到39%,相位噪声为-131 dBc/Hz@1MHz,功耗为9.36 mW(1.8 V×5.2 mA).很好地解决了相位噪声与调谐范围之间的矛盾.     

一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形压控振荡器设计

基于交叉耦合技术提出了一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形压控振荡器(VCO).电路整体包括新型伪差分环形压控振荡器、输出整形缓冲(buffer)电路两个部分.在VCO电路中采用了尾电流源控制的反相器为基本延时单元,实现了一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形振荡器设计,并采用线性化技术改善调节线性度.利用输出buffer对VCO输出波形进行整形,消除了这种结构下输出摆幅受到尾电流源影响而不能达到轨到轨摆幅的限制.基于0.13μm标准CMOS工艺,利用cadence spectre进行仿真验证,前仿真结果表明在电源电压为1.2V时,该VCO相位噪声为-100.58dBc/Hz@1 MHz,功耗为0.92mW,在0.45~1V的电压范围内,频率调谐范围宽达0.303~1.63GHz,具有非常好的调节线性度,在电源电压为1V时仍然能正常工作.     

一种线性化轨对轨调节压控振荡器设计

为了解决控制电压范围小、调谐增益过大导致压控振荡器（voltage controlled oscillator, VCO）对控制线噪声抗干扰能力弱的问题，设计了一种高度线性化轨对轨频率调节的压控振荡器。采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺，设计了电压转电流电路实现控制电压与电流饥渴型振荡器尾电流的轨到轨线性转化，进而实现振荡频率的轨到轨线性调节；并且利用缓冲器优化振荡波形以适应锁相环系统应用。Cadence Spectre仿真结果表明，振荡器在1.8 V的轨对轨控制电压范围内都具有很好的线性，调谐增益为183 MHz/V，频率范围为0.89～1.22 GHz，中心频率1.06 GHz，功耗仅有227.8μW。本文设计适用于锁相环的集成应用，可为压控振荡器的设计提供支持。     

激光连续探测系统虚警数控偏压源的设计

基于偏压的虚警控制原理，设计了一种自动跟踪雪崩管击穿电压的数控偏压电路，该电路不仅使假压的建立速度和控制精度得到较大提高，而且适用于背景光强和环境温度大幅度变化的连续探测的光电系统。     

GPS/BD 接收机中电感电容压控振荡器设计

采用TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一款宽调谐、低相位噪声、低功耗的电感电容压控振荡器(voltage controlled oscillar,VCO),用于接收北斗卫星导航系统的B1,B2频段信号和全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)的L1频段信号的射频接收机中.振荡器中采用了开关固定电容阵列和开关MOS管可变电容阵列,有效地解决了宽频率调谐范围和低相位噪声之间不可兼顾的问题,另外,采用了可变尾电流源的结构,使得振荡器在整个可调频率范围内输出电压的幅度变化不大.利用Cadence软件中Spectre对电路进行仿真.结果表明,振荡器频率调谐在2.958-3.418 GHz和2.318-2.552 GHz这2个频段内,在1.8V的供电电源电压下,功耗仅为3.06-3.78mW.当振荡器工作在3.2 GHz和2.4 GHz的中心频率时,其在1 MHz频偏处的单边相位噪声分别为-118 dBc/Hz和-121 dBc/Hz.     

电动汽车用直流-直流变换器中电磁干扰与抑制

通过电磁兼容理论分析与现场调试试验结果 ,指出由升压型主电路构成的燃料电池电动汽车用直流—直流变换器中存在的主要电磁干扰源是开关管Z1开断时产生的电压尖峰、二极管D1由导通变为截止时产生的反向浪涌电流和升压电感电流在Z1开断瞬间出现的高频振荡 .在此基础上 ,分析了干扰产生的机理以及传播途径 ,并提出了抑制电磁干扰所采取的必要措施 .     

耦合电感升压变换器开关管应力降低的研究

为了解决传统的升压电路拓扑因为受到寄生参数的影响而导致电压增益会受到极限占空比的限制,以及传统的耦合电感升压变换器由于漏感的存在而导致的开关管两端电压电流应力较大等一系列问题,在此提出一种新型的可用于光伏发电系统的、具有高增益和低电压电流应力的耦合电感升压变换器。该变换器在传统耦合电感升压变换器的基础上增加了由二极管、电感以及电容组成的无损吸收电路。由于耦合电感具有变压器效应,因此,相对于传统升压电路来说,耦合电感的这一特性,使电路中的电压增益有了较大的提高;由于电感具有抑制电流上升的作用,因此,开关管开通时,减轻了开关管的电流应力;在开关管S的两端并联由电感、电容以及二极管组成的无损吸收电路,有效吸收耦合电感升压变换器中的漏感能量,使得开关管两端的电压尖峰得到抑制,当开关管S彻底关断后,电容和电感通过副边绕组和输出二极管,将能量传递给负载,实现无损传输,进一步提升了电压增益。为了验证该新型耦合电感升压变换器的有效性,故在MATLAB/Simulink平台上搭建了该新型变换器和传统耦合电感升压变换器的仿真模型。通过对比2个模型的相应仿真波形,可以看出,相对于传统的耦合电感升压变换器,该新型变换器具有更高的电压增益,同时,开关管上的电压和电流应力也相对较小。     

一种新型高增益升压变换电路

为了将低压直流电源转换为所需的高压电源,提出了一种带耦合电感的新型高增益升压变换电路。将传统电感替换为耦合电感,且在开关管两边并联了由二极管和电容组成的升压模块,减小了开关管的电压应力和电流应力,提高了电压增益。在MATLAB中搭建了该新型升压变换电路的仿真模型。仿真结果表明:该新型升压变换电路具有更高的电压增益,且开关管的电压电流应力较小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-