稀土球化剂在铁水中的球化作用和反石墨化作用

本文研究了稀土在铁水中的球化作用和反石墨化作用,证明了在低硫铁水中稀土和镁具有同样的球化效果。得出镁和稀土在获得同等球化效果时,其临界残留量具有Mg:Re=1:3的当量关系。同时还证明了在试样获得球化1级时,稀土球化剂无论在加入量和残留量方面都有很宽的变化范围。稀土具有比镁更强的反石墨化作用。在薄壁铸件中获得无游离渗碳体和铁素体基体的稀土球铁的关键是高碳过共晶原铁水。搅拌作用可以强化稀土的球化作用。     

喷吹稀土球墨铸铁的研究

本文论述了使用喷射法,用无镁稀土合金作球化剂处理不同含硫量的铁水制备球墨铸铁的可能性。喷射法由于改善了球化反应动力学条件,稀土和镁一样是优良的球化剂。文中对稀土球铁的稀土残留量范围、不同种类球化剂的相应处理方法作了初步探讨,认为喷射法是稀土球墨铸铁的合适处理方法。     

几种蠕化剂的蠕化效果研究

本文研究了硅铁镁合金、混合稀土金属和稀土镁硅铁合金在工业电炉铁水中的蠕化效果,证明混合稀土金属、低镁高稀土(Mg4％,Re50％)含量的稀土镁硅铁合金具有稳定的蠕化效果。在低镁高稀土合金中,适量镁的存在可以大大改善稀土反应的动力学条件,但单纯用镁和稀土复合的办法,并不能扩大生成蠕铁时的稀土残留范围。     

测定氧活度值快速检测稀土镁球墨铸铁的球化率

本文研究了稀土镁球墨铸铁球化后铁水氧活度与球化率之间的关系,确定了判定稀土镁球墨铸铁球化率的氧活度界限。应用氧浓差电池法检测稀土镁球铁球化率,简便易行,可快速准确地用于球铁生产的炉前检测。     

无镁稀土球墨铸铁

无镁稀土球墨铸铁采用国内资源丰富的稀土作球化剂,完全不用主要靠进口的镁,工厂可直接用包钢一号稀土硅铁合金生产球铁,不需自行熔制稀土镁合金.由于采用了新的球化处理工艺——包底吹氮气法(此法可连续完成脱硫、球化与孕育处理.稀土吸收率高,劳动条件好),同时还试成了炉前准确控制残留稀土量的方法,因而球化稳定,机械性能良好;耐磨性比含镁球铁更佳;皮下气孔倾向比含镁球铁小.但大断面中石墨球的圆整度和大小均匀性似乎稍差.     

十吨铁水喷粉设备及稀土球铁轧辊喷粉工艺的研究

喷吹技术是七十年代发展起来的一项新技术,近年来在我国炼钢工业已有应用,但在铸造生产中尚未应用。PX8201铁水喷粉设备就是为适应铁水喷粉工艺要求而研制的,目的在于大力推广稀土在铸造行业的应用,发展我国稀土球铁技术。该设备主要用于铁水的球化,脱硫和孕育变质等处理,尤以喷吹处理稀土合金更有独特优点。根据稀土元素的物理化学特性,使用传统的冲入法或压入法均不能充分发挥稀土的作用,只有喷吹法才能使稀土有效地加入到铁水中去,喷吹法是钢铁生产中稀土的有效加入方法。 喷吹法的基本原理是将所需的加入剂,制成一定粒度的粉料,利用载气使固态粉料     

灰铁件表面层石墨球化工艺的比较与选择

使用稀土基涂料和稀土镁基涂料实现了灰铸铁件表面层石墨的球化, 在原铁水不同的碳当量和含硫量的情况下, 分析和比较了使用不同涂料处理的灰铸铁表面层的石墨形态和基体组织的变化规律, 以及结晶凝固冷却曲线.     

稀土在单体铸造球铁活塞环中的影响

研究了用含稀土量不同的球化剂生产单体铸造球铁活塞环时,稀土时石墨球数、石墨球径、碳化物数量的影响;分析了采用钒钛生铁生产单体铸造球铁活塞环,稀土与钒钛的相互作用;讨论了铁水温度对稀土加入量的影响,以及稀土与镁的相互关系。为稳定生产单体铸造球铁活塞环和应用到薄壁球铁件的生产提供了依据。     

稀土在蠕墨铸铁中的适宜残留量范围

研究了用铈组混合稀土金属和1号稀土硅铁合金作为蠕化剂时的残留量上限RE_(max),下限RE_(min),残留量范围ΔRE。得出用混合稀土金属处理蠕铁时RE_(max)=0.110％,RE_(min)=0.038％,ΔRE;0.072％.而用1号稀土硅铁合金处理时,RE_(max)=0.091％,RE_(min)=0.037％,ΔRE=0.054％。并在此范围内两者的蠕化率都与稀土残留量有线性关系。本文还研究了硫对蠕铁中稀土残留量范围的影响。     

生产高质量铸态高韧性球墨铸铁的几个关键环节探讨

生产高质量高韧性球墨铸球的关键是控制好原铁水的化学成份，稀土及残余镁含量和孕育处理。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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