Isolation of a strong matrix attachment region (MAR) and identification of its function in vitro and in vivo

Inclusion of MARs in transgene cassettes enhances their expression and reduces position-effect variations in the transgenic host. Four new MARs (TM2, TM3, AM1 and AM2) were isolated from tobacco and Arabidopsis by PCR method. The nuclei isolated from suspension- cultured cells of rice were used to prepare nuclear matrix. With a characterized MAR (TM1) as a positive control, the Matrix-MAR interactions were tested by an in vitro binding assay to identify the DNA sequences as MARs and their binding strength to nuclear matrix in vitro was compared. The results showed that TM2 and TM3 had stronger binding strength than TM1. To determine the functions of the four new MARs in vivo, binary vectors pBI121 carrying a uidA GUS reporter gene were modified with direct repeat MARs inserted on both sides of the reporter gene cassette and were transferred into tobaccos via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure. Quantitative GUS assays of the transgenic tobaccos showed that when flanking a GUS reporter gene TM1, TM2, TM3 and AM1 increased uidA GUS gene expression level approximately 1.5-fold, 5-fold, 1.35-fold, 1.3-fold respectively and AM2 has no effect on gene expression. TM2 was found to be a strong MAR that could effectively increase gene expression level and could be used as an effective enhancing element to construct high efficient expression vectors. In this note the relations among the sequence features, binding strength in vitro and function in vivo of the five MARs were analyzed, and the potential significance of TM2 in plant genetic engineering was dis- cussed.     

Isolation of a strong matrix attachment region (MAR) and identification of its function in vitro and in vivo

Inclusion of MARs in transgene cassettes enhances their expression and reduces position-effect variations in the transgenic host. Four new MARs (TM2, TM3, AM1 and AM2) were isolated from tobacco and Arabidopsis by PCR method. The nuclei isolated from suspensioncultured cells of rice were used to prepare nuclear matrix. With a characterized MAR (TM1) as a positive control, the Matrix-MAR interactions were tested by an in vitro binding assay to identify the DNA sequences as MARs and their binding strength to nuclear matrix in vitro was compared. The results showed that TM2 and TM3 had stronger binding strength than TM1. To determine the functions of the four new MARs in vivo, binary vectors pBI121 carrying a uidA GUS reporter gene were modified with direct repeat MARs inserted on both sides of the reporter gene cassette and were transferred into tobaccos via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure. Quantitative GUS assays of the transgenic tobaccos showed that when flanking a GUS reporter gene TM1, TM2, TM3 and AM1 increased uidA GUS gene expression level approximately 1.5-fold, 5-fold, 1.35-fold, 1.3-fold respectively and AM2 has no effect on gene expression. TM2 was found to be a strong MAR that could effectively increase gene expression level and could be used as an effective enhancing element to construct high efficient expression vectors. In this note the relations among the sequence features, binding strength in vitro and function in vivo of the five MARs were analyzed, and the potential significance of TM2 in plant genetic engineering was discussed.     

一种有效的MPEG视频运动注意力区域提取方法

提出了一种直接从MPEG压缩码流中提取运动注意力区域的方法，其核心思想是根据运动注意力区域本身的特性，利用位置、清晰度和运动矢量3部分信息以及相应的数学表达形式，构造出一个运动注意力参数，并在此基础上进行注意力区域的提取．由于该方法同时考虑了运动注意力区域在空间和时间两方面的特性，并且直接在压缩域中进行操作，因此在提取准确度和运算效率上均有较大提高．模拟结果表明，与现有仅考虑运动信息的提取方法相比，采用该方法提取的准确度可提高30％以上，基本上与人眼实际观测的结果相吻合；与传统的像素域中运动对象提取方法相比，运算时间可减少1／2左右，而且提取出的目标区域更加符合基于内容的视频分析要求．     

Kas基因启动子区的克隆及功能初步分析

利用TAIL-PCR技术,克隆到了与辣椒素合成有关的胎座特异表达基因——3-酮酯酰．ACP合成酶基因（Kas）上游400bp的调控区域．将其全长片段与GUS基因连接构建植物表达载体并转化烟草．GUS组织化学染色表明,克隆到的440bp片段具有启动子活性．对该片段进行序列分析发现,在起始密码子ATG上游存在2个TATA-box,分别为-316～-311位的TATAAA和-224～-219位的TATAAA;在TATA-box上游还存在1个位于-378～-374处的CAAT-box,序列为CCAAT．该研究旨在为利用基因调控辣椒素的生物合成,提高辣椒果实中的辣椒素含量奠定基础．     

Identification and analysis of ARS function of six plant MARs

Six plant MARs isolated from tobacco and Arabdiposis were investigated for their ARS activity in yeast. The results showed that among the six plant MARs, only TM1 and AM4 had strong ARS activity which was almost the same as that of ARS from yeast chromosome. In order to further identify the core region of the two MARs for the ARS activity, a series of subclones were created by PCR strategy, and the corresponding subclones were designated as TM1-1, TM1-2, TM1-3, AM4-1, AM4-2 and AM4-3, respectively. Our studies revealed that TMI-3 and AM4-3 not only had higher ARS activity, but also displayed higher transformation frequency, plasmid stability and growth rate compared to their intact MARs, TM1 and AM4. These data present an important clue for further elucidating the relationship between MAR and ARS.     

农杆菌介导的怀山药叶片瞬时表达方法的建立

高效的瞬时表达体系是方便、快捷的研究怀山药基因启动子活性、基因功能和生产重组蛋白的新途径.本研究选取怀山药叶片为受体,以β-葡糖醛酸酶(GUS)和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的基因为报告基因,对共培养时间进行分析,得到二者瞬时表达的最初时间以及较佳观察时间,建立根癌农杆菌介导的怀山药瞬时表达技术体系.结果显示:当注射的菌液浓度OD600=0.6,共培养3d时,GUS基因和GFP基因开始有表达,二者适于观察的共培养时间分别为5d和4d.     

Variations of opal accumulation rates and paleoproductivity over the past 12 Ma at ODP Site 1143, southern South China Sea

The biogenic silica analysis was performed on 463 samples from ODP 184 Site 1143, the southern South China Sea. The results show that the opal content and MAR evidently increased between 12.3 and 5.7 Ma, which was contemporary with the high carbonate and total MARs, reflecting the high biogenic productivity in the late Miocene.This demonstrates the occurrence of the late Miocene "Biogenie Bloom Event" in the southern South China Sea, corresponding to the late Miocene-early Pliocene "Biogenic Bloom Event" in the Indian-Pacific Ocean. The increases of opal content and MAR after the middle Pleistocene (about 0.7 Ma)is inferred to result from the enhanced upwelling and nutrient supply, which was induced by the intensified monsoon circulation after the "Mid-Pleistocene Revolution".     

Expression analysis ofgdcsP promoter from C3-C4 intermediate plantFlaveria anomala in transgenic rice

ThegdcsP promoter isolated from C₃-C₄ intermediate plantFlaveria anomala was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. The chimeric gene was inserted into the binary vector pBin19 and introduced into the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. 8706 byAgrobacteriummediated gene transfer. GUS activity can be detected in leaf, leaf sheath, stem and root tissues via fluorometric GUS assay. However, no GUS activity was found in mature endosperm. Histochemical localization revealed that GUS expression was exclusively restricted to vascular tissues in transgenic plants. This promoter also showed spatial-temporal expression patterns that GUS expression declined significantly with the maturity of plants. These expression patterns make thegdcsP promoter extremely valuable in the applied biotechnology that needs target gene expression restricted to vascular tissues.     

毛白杨4CL基因启动子的克隆及初步功能分析

4CL(4-coumarate:CoA ligase,4-香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶)在植物木质素合成途径中催化羟基香豆酸生成羟基肉桂酰CoA,主要在木质部中表达,对植物木质素生物合成具重要调控作用.为研究4CL基因启动子在转基因植物中的表达特性,探索其在植物基因工程研究中的潜在应用价值,利用PCR方法从毛白杨基因组DNA中扩增得到了4CL启动子片段.序列分析表明与美洲山杨(P.tremuloids)的4CL启动子同源性为95%.采用生物信息学方法对该序列进行分析.与GUS基因融合构建双元表达载体,转化烟草的瞬时表达检测可见明显GUS活性.     

基因枪法转化香蕉薄片外植体的参数优化

采用果用香蕉（Ｍｕｓａ ｓｐｐ．）的薄片外植体作为转化受体，通过对ＧＵＳ基因瞬间表达的研究，找出了较适合的轰击条件和外植体培养条件，研究表明，高渗处理对转化的影响较大，轰击前后对体外植体进行高渗处理的瞬间表达率（１４．１１％）是对照（３．６８％）的３．８６倍。预防培养外植体转化的瞬间表达率（１７．５％－４２．１１％）普遍高于没有预培养的外植体（１２．２０％），并以预培养６ｄ为好。最适压力和射程分别     

Functional analysis of cis-acting sequences regulating root-specific expression in transgenic tobacco

Two different length fragments, RSF1 and RSF2 which contained the cis-acting sequences of root-spe- cific gene TobRB7, were isolated from tobacco genome. The abilities of these fragments to direct root-specific expression were studied by fusing them to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) report gene with different directions. After the recombined vectors were transformed into tobacco, the expression pattern was performed by histochemical staining and the quantitative analysis of GUS activity. The data suggested that the cis-acting element of TobRB7 gene direct GUS expression not only as root-specific but also as bidirectional. In our studies, the short fragment, RSF2, performed stronger activity than RSF1 with any direction. The stronger activity of GUS expression was determined by reverse inserting of RSF1 or RSF2 than positive inserting.     

Functional analysis of cis-acting sequences regulating root-specific expression in transgenic tobacco

Two different length fragments, RSF1 and RSF2 which contained the cis-acting sequences of root-specific gene TobRB7, were isolated from tobacco genome. The abilities of these fragments to direct root-specific expression were studied by fusing them to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) report gene with different directions. After the recombined vectors were transformed into tobacco, the expression pattern was performed by histochemical staining and the quantitative analysis of GUS activity. The data suggested that the cis-acting element of TobRB7 gene direct GUS expression not only as root-specific but also as bidirectional. In our studies, the short fragment, RSF2, performed stronger activity than RSF1 with any direction. The stronger activity of GUS expression was determined by reverse inserting of RSF1 or RSF2 than positive inserting.     

根癌农杆菌介导苜蓿体胚转化及转基因植株再生

用含质粒载体pCAMBIA2301(带有受CaMV35S启动子调控的GUS基因和nptⅡ基因)的根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens转化晋南苜蓿Medicago sativa L.cv.Jinnan的体胚组织,发现负压处理有利于提高转化频率(可达35%),3批共158个体胚切块的转化实验共获得具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株15株,经组织化学染色和分子检测,证实GUS基因已整合到转化植株基因组中,在芽、叶片、叶柄和根等组织中均有表达,并在土壤栽培过程中保持稳定的表达.     

Isolation of tomato proteinase inhibitor Ⅱ gene and the function of its intron

The genomic DNA sequence of tomato proteinase inhibitor Ⅱ gene (named tin2i, whose accession number in GenBank is AF007240) was isolated by PCR techniques. The intron sequence (TPI), with a length of 109 bp, owns typical structures of GT/AG dinucleotides at both ends and high content of AT base pairs which accounts for 80.7% of the total nucleotides. As shown by recombination experiment, the TPI sequence could efficiently promote the expression of the reporter gene gusA and this effect was independent of the position and orientation of the intron, thus showing its role as an enhancer. Such experiments as gel retardation assays, GUS histochemical staining and GUS fluorometric assays further demonstrated that TPI sequence maybe has promoter-like activity.     

Isolation of tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene and the function of its intron

The genomic DNA sequence of tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene (named tin2i, whose accession number in GenBank is AF007240) was isolated by PCR techniques. The intron sequence (TPI), with a length of 109 bp, owns typical structures of GT/AG dinucleotides at both ends and high content of AT base pairs which accounts for 80.7% of the total nucleotides. As shown by recombination experiment, the TPI sequence could efficiently promote the expression of the reporter gene gusA and this effect was independent of the position and orientation of the intron, thus showing its role as an enhancer. Such experiments as gel retardation assays, GUS histochemical staining and GUS fluorometric assays further demonstrated that TPI sequence maybe has promoter-like activity.     

小鼠液胞H~+-ATPase 15 K启动子(M15 K)的克隆及其在植物体内的表达特性研究

PCR克隆了小鼠液胞H+-ATPase 15K启动子,构建具有Kan抗性和GUS intron报告基因的植物表达载体LpPMG.通过M15K启动子指导的GUS intron基因在烟草叶片内的瞬时性表达,比较了其植物表达特性.结果表明:M15K启动子可启动GUS在植物体内的表达.其表达活性相当于2×35S启动子的87.0%±17.3%.     

胰蛋白酶抑制剂抗虫基因转化烟草的研究

实验用携带质粒pAM194/TI的根癌农杆菌LBA4404转化烟草,通过筛选,共获得35株卡那霉素抗性苗.GUS组织染色、PCR检测及抗虫试验表明胰蛋白酶抑制剂抗虫基因已经成功地整合进再生植株染色体基因组中,有些已正确表达.     

烟草NFL1基因启动子区的克隆和初步的功能分析

植物的开花过程是一个复杂的发育过程,涉及到许多基因的表达和调控,其中LFY同源基因(LFY-like genes)发挥着重要的作用[1～7].在拟南芥中,LFY基因发生突变而失去功能后,花芽分生组织的形成受到显著的抑制[8];将LFY基因在植株中的表达水平提高后则可以有效地促进开花[9].     

tritordeum花粉特异性表达的遗传分析

为明确转基因tritordeum中被外源uidA基因标记的启动子的调控特异性,对筛选到的一株标记材料进行了两代uidA基因的遗传表达分析,结果表明,后代材料基因组中都含有uidA基因,没有发生分离,且都只在花粉中检测到GUS活性,在其他组织没有检测到GUS活性.进一步RT-PCR分析显示uidA基因在根和叶中没有发生转录,说明该株材料为花粉特异性启动子被uidA基因标记的阳性纯合体,实验证明该特异性能稳定遗传.