烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

平面滚珠传动的平衡条件研究

本文通过对滚珠传动的运动学条件分析,建立啮合副结构模型,对其进行平衡条件研究,得到了平衡方程,为平面滚珠传动的设计打下了基础。     

磁头臂钢珠铆合工序动力学仿真与分析

为研究磁头臂的动态特性和形变特性,在ANSYS中建立了磁头臂钢珠铆合工序有限元模型,实现了磁头臂钢珠铆合工序的动力学仿真,得到了磁头臂在不同位置的变形量和钢珠冲压过程中的压力,将仿真结果与理论计算值比较,数据基本吻合,说明仿真模型构建合理,仿真具有可信度。为改善磁头臂的质量及预防失效提供了理论参考依据,具有现实的意义。     

滚珠环面蜗杆传动的运动受力和强度分析

本文对滚珠环面蜗杆传动进行了运动和受力分析,确定出相应的运动和动力参数,并推导出适合于该传动的强度计算公式。最后对一台环面滚珠蜗杆样机进行了电算,为该传动的实验研制提供了可靠的数据。     

振动磨隔振系统的设计要素分析

本义通过对振动磨运动方程的建立和求解，阐明了隔振系统弹簧总刚度Ｋ值的确定原则，以及它对磨机稳态工作性能的影响。并指出在磨机起动和停机的非稳态工作期问，应着重考虑和分析磨机在通过共振区时，其共振振幅、隔振系统静压缩量和总压缩量三者之间的内在关系。     

大型球轴承摩擦力矩的计算

本文提出了大型球轴承摩擦力矩的试验研究方法和轴承摩擦力矩的经验公式。该成果有利于提高轴承的使用性能，也有助于轴承制造企业控制大型轴承的摩擦力矩，以提高轴承的制造精度。     

锭底子母球滚动轴承的设计与试验

本文首次提出一种锭底子母球滚动轴承的结构,给出了该轴承的几种不同结构变型,讨论了该轴承的参数选择,给出了保证纯滚动的几何关系,最后介绍了初步试验的结果。     

倾斜隔仓板球磨机研磨体动力学特性的研究

本文以质点动力学理论为基础,对磨内最外层的任一研磨体在任意时刻的受力情况进行了分析,建立了研磨体的受力平衡方程式,并依据牛顿力学定律,求取了研磨体在脱离点的初的速度、研磨体被抛出后的运动方程、研磨体作抛物线运动的时间以及磨内研磨体在落着点的速度向量和研磨体的碰撞力向量。     

关于典型摸球问题的思维特色及应用

本文对典型摸球问题的思维特色进行了介绍和评析,并对其应用作了简明扼要的阐述。     

乒乓球发球战术研究

乒乓球的基本技术有五种：接球、发球、搓球、正手攻球、反手推挡.无论是在平时训练还是比赛中这五种最基本的技术都是必不可少的.其中要想进行一场乒乓球比赛,发球和接球是必不可少的前提,而一定的战术应用是战胜对手的条件.那么怎么发球可以为自己争取一定的先机,将对手迷惑呢？研究乒乓球发球技术有利于提高乒乓球水平的发挥,本文着重研究发球技术要素、战术配合要领,调查研究乒乓球比赛中发球中的技术战术应用.     

横杆单端铰接的球杆系统设计及敏感因素分析

以球杆系统为研究对象,设计了一种横杆单端铰接的球杆系统。该系统通过旋转电位计设定小球在横杆上理想位置,通过高频近距离激光位移传感器检测小球的实际位置,由单片机内部的PID算法控制输入到滚珠丝杠电机驱动器的PWM输出频率,使滚珠丝杠电机正、反转,从而实现小球停在设定理想位置。在Matlab/Simulink中进行建模仿真对影响系统稳定性的不同敏感因素进行研究。结果表明小球初始位置、滑动摩擦对系统稳定性产生影响。