CO偶联合成草酸二丁酯反应研究

以Pd/Al2O3为催化剂,在固定床反应器中对CO偶联合成草酸二丁酯反应进行了研究。对焙烧后的载体进行了表征,考察了载体和反应条件对催化剂性能的影响。实验结果表明,1200℃的高温焙烧对γ-氧化铝载体的晶型、比表面、孔分布和表面酸性有很大的影响,有利于催化剂性能改善。在优化工艺条件下,CO的转化率可达46%,草酸二丁酯选择性可达94%左右,而且催化剂在一定反应时间范围内稳定性能良好。     

载体特性对催化裂化催化剂性能的影响

研究了制备流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂常用载体的孔结构、酸性特点和反应性能,结果表明胶溶双铝载体和高岭土原位晶化载体具有适合制备重油FCC催化剂的条件.将胶溶双铝载体和高岭土原位晶化载体分别制备成FCC催化剂,采用固定流化床反应器对其反应性能进行了评价,表明采用原位晶化载体制备的FCC催化剂具有更好的重油转化能力.     

芳烃氨氧化反应催化剂载体的扩孔研究

研究了硅胶和氧化铝不同的扩孔方法 ,以其为载体制备氨氧化反应催化剂 ,并考察其催化性能。指出芳烃氨氧化反应催化剂载体应具有适宜的比表面积和较大的孔径 ,以利于提高催化剂的选择性     

迷宫流鼓泡光催化反应器结构对甲基橙降解性能的影响

设计了新型迷宫式鼓泡光催化反应器(LBPR),以30～40目活性碳为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载型TiO2薄膜颗粒光催化剂,对含甲基橙废水进行光催化降解.考察了反应器内折流板数量与出水液面高度等结构参数及液速对有机物降解性能的影响.结果表明:当折流板为12块,液面高度为4 cm时,在液量0.011 1 m3/h、催化剂4.8 g/L的完全流化的操作条件下反应1.5 h,降解率达到100%.此外还考察了催化剂带出量及其在反应器中的停留时间随液体流量以及折流板数的变化关系.     

提升管变径段气固两相流动状况

采用数值模拟的方法对两段提升管催化裂解多产丙烯催化裂化装置提升管反应器下半部的流动状况进行研究.计算结果表明,提升管反应器下部催化剂呈现比较明显的非均匀性,催化剂主要靠近反应器边壁附近分布.由于油气喷入反应器后形成射流区,对油气与催化剂之间的充分接触产生一定影响.经下部喷嘴进入反应器的油气在反应器中存在明显的返混.提升管反应器的下半段,气固两相的非理想流动较为明显.气固两相流动状况的数值模拟为反应器及操作条件优化提供了重要依据.     

裂解汽油二段加氢催化剂载体的研究

开发了一种适宜制备裂解汽油二段加氢催化剂的载体。通过对氧化铝载体的选择、载体的扩孔、载体的改性、载体焙烧温度等方面进行考察。利用该载体制备出的催化剂在化工一厂应用二年,证明该载体是比较好的,完全满足工业生产的要求。     

微通道反应器中1-甲氧基-2-丙醇的连续合成

在微通道反应器中,以甲醇和环氧丙烷为原料合成1-甲氧基-2-丙醇。考察尺度效应(管径和微反应器类型)对反应的影响并对反应条件(催化剂用量、反应物摩尔比、停留时间和反应温度)进行优化。结果表明:内径为0.5 mm、体积为10 mL的聚四氟乙烯毛细管及T形混合器能有效促进物料间混合;甲醇与环氧丙烷在微通道反应器中的最优反应条件为催化剂用量0.5%、甲醇与环氧丙烷摩尔比3∶1、120℃下反应7 min、压力2 MPa。在最优反应条件下,环氧丙烷转化率为99.4%,产率可高达99.1%。     

苯酚加氢胺化合成环己胺的工艺研究

目的 考察催化剂载体表面性质和结构、钯含量及反应温度和时速对苯酚气相胺化合成环己胺反应的影响.方法 以镁铝尖晶石为载体、用浸渍法制作钯系催化剂,在固定床反应器中研究苯酚气相胺化合成环己胺的工艺条件.结果 与结论载体的表面性质和反应温度对环己胺的选择性有较大的影响;在反应温度180 ℃、时速(SV)为550 h-1时,苯酚的转化率约为94%,环己胺的收率在85%以上.     

金属基整体式催化剂上CO催化氧化稳定性能研究

以CuO-CeO_2为活性组分,Fe Cr Al为载体制备了不同Cu-Ce比例的金属基整体式催化剂,在固定床反应器上评价了催化剂的活性及稳定性.利用XRD、TEM、XPS等表征手段,对测试前后催化剂的结构进行了表征.结果表明:反应后CuO颗粒变大及表面Cu2+的百分含量的降低是催化剂失活的主要原因.     

载体改性对丙烷脱氢铬基催化剂性能的影响

以8种氧化物SiO_2、TiO_2、ZrO_2、ZnO、CuO、Ag_2O、CeO_2、SnO_2为改性剂对Al_2O_3载体进行预处理,采用浸渍法制备负载型铬基催化剂并用于丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应.使用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气物理吸附–脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)等手段对催化剂结构进行表征,在固定床反应器上对催化剂的催化性能进行评价.结果表明:采用不同氧化物对载体预处理改变了催化剂表面酸性和丙烷脱氢反应性能.在同等反应条件下,经过ZrO_2改性的催化剂催化活性和稳定性较好,反应1h后丙烷转化率可以达到50%以上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.