低纬度边缘海浮游植物群落演变及其与全球变化的关联

随着全球变暖和人类活动的加剧,低纬度边缘海浮游植物群落已发生或正在发生变化,并影响整个生态系统结构和功能.综述了加勒比海、阿拉伯海和南中国海(南海)这3个典型低纬度边缘海的浮游植物群落演变格局,分析了其变动的驱动因素及其与全球气候变化的关联,探讨了群落变动对海洋生态系统功能的影响及其效应.在此基础上分析了目前该研究领域的不足以及未来的发展方向,指出应加强低纬度边缘海生态结构与功能的长期观测,以期揭示气候变化和人类活动对生态系统的影响及其效应.     

海洋酸化与升温对浮游植物种群的影响研究综述

浮游植物是海洋生态系统物质和能量的基础,浮游植物的光合作用及群落结构决定了海洋生态系统的生产力及其服务功能.大气CO2浓度升高导致的海洋酸化和全球变暖等复杂的环境变化同时作用于海洋浮游植物,对其生长、代谢以及种群演替将产生深远影响.本文主要综述海洋酸化和升温单一以及耦合作用下对浮游植物的生长、光合作用和群落结构的影响,...     

气候变暖与管理方式对草地群落影响研究综述

草地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分之一,具有极其重要的经济价值和生态价值.通过文献调研,发现检索到的122项研究平台上,90%的研究平台未考虑气候变暖幅度的季节差异性对动植物群落结构的影响,且仅有15篇文献涉及围封之外的管理模式.根据最新的研究进展显示：(1)气候变暖幅度的季节差异对草地动植物群落结构的影响;(2)不同草地管理模式下动植物群落结构对气候变暖响应的差异;(3)环境变化时动植物群落间的相互调控.这3个问题在未来草地群落研究中应重点关注.通过文献综述阐述并分析草地动植物群落对气候变化及人类活动的响应机制,为全球变化背景下草地生态系统管理提供理论支持.     

极移半年振荡的年际变化与北大西洋涛动

北大西洋涛动(NAO)是全球三大气象涛动之一,它是海气相互作用的产物. 采用标准化的北大西洋涛动指数(NAOI)来表示NAO的强度. 由观测极移参数反演得到极移激发函数,对此进行小波振幅谱分析,从而获得极移激发函数半年振荡的时频变化. 研究表明,极移激发函数半年振荡沿东经90°方向分量的振幅年际变化与NAO年际变化呈明显相关,并且主要是大气和海洋角动量变化共同激发的结果.     

数学形态学在海洋浮游植物显微图像处理中的应用

数学形态学是分析几何形状和结构的数学方法,广泛应用于各类图像形状和结构的分析与处理.浮游植物是海洋生态系统中的重要初级生产者,其个体微小,但形态特征各异,一般要在显微镜下才能进行准确的种类鉴定.本文以海洋常见赤潮藻血红哈卡藻(Akashiwo sanguinea (Hirasaka) Hansen & Moestrup)为对象,利用数学形态学方法来处理和分析其细胞显微图像.数学形态学算法包括二值图像形态学和灰度图像形态学,涉及到膨胀、腐蚀、开闭运算,提供了快速高效的优化算法,特别是基于形态学分水岭的图像分割、标记目标、目标分割.研究结果证明,数学形态学可应用于海洋浮游植物显微图像处理,为浮游植物显微自动识别提供了理论基础.     

国际海洋生态系统研究态势及对我国的启示

利用文献计量学方法分析了国际海洋生态系统研究的主要国家和机构状况,分析了近年来相关研究计划的主要内容,给出国际海洋生态系统研究的9个研究热点：全球气候变化对生态系统的影响研究;海洋生态系统服务功能;人类社会与海洋生态系统的关系研究;海洋生物多样性;基于生态系统的海洋管理;海洋生态系统保护;深海生态系统研究;海洋生态系统研究相关技术、模型;极地生态系统考察。最后给出对我国海洋生态系统研究的7条建议。     

海洋微型浮游植物分子生态学研究进展

简述海洋微型浮游植物分子生态学领域研究进展,综述分子生物学技术在海洋微型浮游植物物种鉴定、系统发生学、群落组成、生态适应与生态功能等方面的应用成果.分子标记和核酸序列为海洋微型浮游植物鉴定与系统发生树的构建提供了更为细致的指标;不依赖纯化培养技术的原位分子方法能较为全面地描述浮游植物群落的多样性组成结构,荧光原位杂交等定量分析技术实现了对种群时空分布和动态的监测;通过功能基因与基因组序列分析等遗传基础分析方法,探讨浮游植物对环境适应的分子机制,研究其生态适应与生态功能.     

入侵植物对气候变化响应的研究新进展

全球气候变化导致外来植物入侵问题愈发严重，对生物多样性和生态系统稳定性造成严重威胁。依据2012—2022年间Web of Science数据库中生态学领域国际权威期刊发表的关于入侵植物对气候变化响应的SCI论文，对该领域的最新研究动态进行了分析，为入侵植物防治及入侵态势预测提供参考。研究发现：全球气候变暖显著提升了入侵植物的物候可塑性、种间竞争力、生长-防御权衡策略及沿纬度梯度的扩散速率，而降雨量上升、干旱和大气二氧化碳浓度上升对植物入侵进程的影响则存在多变性；全球化背景下多因子交互作用导致入侵生态系统的响应更为复杂。该领域未来研究重点包括：(1)生物、非生物因子对入侵植物的综合效应；(2)本土、入侵植物对于多类资源脉冲的异质性响应；(3)气候变化下入侵生态系统的多营养级互作关系；(4)采用原位群落移栽的手段探讨入侵植物的气候适应性。     

海洋酸化对固氮蓝藻束毛藻的影响及其作用机制

<正>海洋浮游植物贡献了地球上约一半的初级生产力,驱动着海洋生物泵将碳从海洋上层向深层输出.氮是浮游植物生长所必需的元素,而海洋固氮蓝藻束毛藻是海洋生态系统中"新氮"的重要来源之一,可贡献高达50%的全球海洋总固氮量[1],对海洋初级生产力以及碳、氮生物地球化学循环起着至关重要的影响.工     

海洋微型浮游植物分子生态学研究进展

简述海洋微型浮游植物分子生态学领域研究进展，综述分子生物学技术在海洋微型浮游植物物种鉴定、系统发生学、群落组成、生态适应与生态功能等方面的应用成果．分子标记和核酸序列为海洋微型浮游植物鉴定与系统发生树的构建提供了更为细致的指标；不依赖纯化培养技术的原位分子方法能较为全面地描述浮游植物群落的多样性组成结构，荧光原位杂交等定量分析技术实现了对种群时空分布和动态的监测；通过功能基因与基因组序列分析等遗传基础分析方法，探讨浮游植物对环境适应的分子机制．研究其生态适应与生态功能．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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