卡马西平结晶工艺研究

为了研究卡马西平的结晶工艺,以甲醇为溶剂,正己烷为反溶剂,采用溶析结晶制备卡马西平晶体。利用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、光学显微镜等对卡马西平的晶型进行筛选和表征,考察卡马西平质量浓度、结晶温度、溶剂与反溶剂的体积比等参数对结晶得率和晶型的影响。研究结果表明,甲醇与正己烷溶析结晶得到两种晶型的卡马西平,分别为针状的晶型Ⅱ和棱镜状的晶型Ⅲ;结晶温度是影响晶体得率的主要因素,在0℃时,结晶得率可达98.5%,在40℃时,结晶得率仅为15.2%;溶剂与反溶剂的体积比是影响晶型的主要因素,体积比越大越利于晶型Ⅲ的生成。研究结果可为卡马西平晶型Ⅲ的生产提供参考。     

溶析结晶纯化去乙酰真菌环氧乙酯

为考察溶析结晶纯化去乙酰真菌环氧乙酯的效果,研究了不同的溶剂、反溶剂含量和导入方式对去乙酰真菌环氧乙酯结晶的影响.在静态结晶实验的基础上,通过设计正交实验L9(34)研究动态结晶过程中各因素对去乙酰真菌环氧乙酯收率和纯度的影响.结果表明:有效地控制反溶剂含量及其导入方式可以提高晶体的纯度和收率并影响晶体的形态.去乙酰真菌环氧乙酯动态结晶最佳条件:结晶温度为15℃,溶剂-反溶剂体积比(丙酮-水)为2∶3,反溶剂流加时间为3 h.     

THE MECHANISM AND ENHANCING METHODS OF SOLVENTING OUT CRYSTALLIZATION

溶析结晶广泛用于有机工业结晶过程,但目前溶析结晶过程普遍存在着以下问题：晶体主粒度小,变异系数高;产品过滤分离难度大,杂质含量高．针对这些问题,本文研究了溶析结晶体系的介稳区性质,并采用了如下几种强化方法：用压力溶解和静置冷却来提高过饱和度;在沉淀剂中添加表面活性剂以及采用弹性叶片摩擦和超声波刺激来提高成核速率;动静态交替育晶减少生长分散;加入促进构型转变的物质获得所需晶型的晶体;按照最佳操作程序流加沉淀剂维持恒定的结晶过饱和度等．实验证明,采用这些方法可以显著地提高溶析结晶产品的质量．     

晶化工艺对铁尾矿微晶玻璃微观结构的影响

以铁尾矿为主要原料制备微晶玻璃,通过DTA,XRD,SEM分析方法,全面考察了晶化温度和晶化时间对微晶玻璃结构的影响.实验发现:随着析晶温度的升高,主晶相钙铁辉石没有改变,但晶体形态和析晶率发生了较大的变化;随着析晶温度的升高,晶体的规则程度增加,晶体尺寸增大,析晶率呈先增加后减小的趋势;当析晶温度高于1250℃时,晶体分布均匀程度降低;最佳晶化温度为1200~1250℃,晶化时间为180 min.     

溶析结晶机理及其强化方法研究

溶析结晶广泛用于有机工业结晶过程，但目前溶析结晶过程普遍存在着以下问题；晶体主粒度小，变异系数高，产品过滤分离难度大，杂质含量高，针对这些问题。本文研究了溶析结晶体系的介稳区性质，并采用了如下几种强化方法；用压力溶解和静置冷却来提高过饱和度；在沉淀中添加表面活性剂以及采用弹性叶片摩擦和超声波刺激来提高成核速度；动静态交替育晶减少生长分散；加入促进构型转变的物质获得所需晶型的晶体；按照最佳操作程序流     

亚临界水法制备克拉霉素纳米颗粒

采用亚临界水法制备了克拉霉素纳米颗粒，通过调节亚临界水温度、反溶剂（普通去离子水）温度、亚临界水/反溶剂体积比、表面活性剂浓度等因素，得到形貌均匀的克拉霉素纳米颗粒。优化后的工艺条件为：亚临界水、反溶剂的温度分别为140℃，0℃，亚临界水/反溶剂体积比为1∶3，搅拌时间25min，表面活性剂α-乳糖质量分数为0.4%。在上述条件下制备得到的颗粒的平均粒径为65nm左右，原料药和样品的红外光谱图和X射线衍射对比结果显示其化学结构没有发生变化。溶出结果表明，亚临界水法制备的克拉霉素纳米颗粒溶出度有了明显的提高。     

伊曲茶碱溶析结晶工艺研究

药物结晶工艺是药物工业生产流程中至关重要的环节。通过单因素实验,以伊曲茶碱晶体收率、粒度分布作为评价标准,考察结晶液初始浓度、溶析剂用量、结晶温度、陈化时间、溶析剂滴加速率等因素的影响。通过分析各种影响因素,得到伊曲茶碱较佳结晶条件：结晶液初始浓度12 mg/ml,水和DMF体积分数比3：1,滴加速率2 ml/min,结晶温度20 ℃、陈化时间60 min。通过该方案获得伊曲茶碱晶体呈短针状,收率、平均粒径（MS）、变异系数（CV）分别为93.7 %、12.6 μm、4.25,为工业上制备高质量的伊曲茶碱产品提供基础依据和参考。     

应用热力学相平衡预测加氢生物柴油-乙醇-柴油三元燃料低温性能

为了研究加氢生物柴油-乙醇-柴油三元燃料的低温性能,基于热力学相平衡模型,计算了该三元燃料的析晶点和析晶量,同时对比了加氢生物柴油-柴油二元燃料的析晶点和析晶量,探究了乙醇对该二元燃料低温性能的影响。试验结果表明,相比加氢生物柴油-柴油二元燃料,加氢生物柴油-乙醇-柴油三元燃料的析晶点均有不同程度的降低,三元燃料PHC5E5、PHC10E10、PHC15E15、PHS5E5、PHS10E10和PHS15E15的析晶点分别降低了4.5、5.7、6.1、4.3、5.3、6.1 K,所对应三元燃料在不同温度下析晶量也有不同程度的降低。在初始析晶温度下,三元燃料中的乙醇与生物柴油同时开始析晶,这说明乙醇以共晶方式与高熔点组分同时析出,改变了高熔点组分在晶核形成、生长过程中的结晶趋向和结晶形态,延滞了三元燃料在低温过程中的析晶趋势;未结晶的乙醇大量分布在燃料液相以及网状和片状晶体间隙之中,一定程度上提高了已结晶组分在基液中的溶解度。这两者共同改善了加氢生物柴油-乙醇-柴油三元燃料的低温性能。该研究为优化加氢生物柴油的低温性能提供了一种有效可靠的方法。     

反溶剂重结晶法制备多晶型比卡鲁胺

采用反溶剂重结晶法制备多晶型比卡鲁胺,通过改变重结晶过程中所使用的溶剂,对比单一溶剂和共溶剂对所制得晶体的晶型和颗粒形貌差别,探索最优化的共溶剂类型和体积比参数,以达到将比卡鲁胺原料药进行晶型纯化的目的。在反溶剂重结晶过程中采用共溶剂制备比卡鲁胺晶体发现：共溶剂（二甲基亚砜＋乙醇）以及（丙酮＋乙醇）可制备比卡鲁胺晶型I,并通过调节共溶剂中乙醇的用量可得到粒度均一,分散性好的I型比卡鲁胺。     

三水合艾司奥美拉唑镁反应结晶过程晶型控制

对三水合艾司奥美拉唑镁制备过程中晶型控制进行研究,同时对产物的粒度分布等性质进行了工艺优化实验。通过X射线粉末衍射表征产物晶型,借助于二维在线成像系统监测三水合艾司奥美拉唑镁反应结晶过程中的晶体形貌变化,运用马尔文激光粒度仪辅助监测晶体的粒度分布变化。考察了结晶温度、反应物的浓度等因素对三水合艾司奥美拉唑镁晶型与晶习的影响。结果表明,三水合艾司奥美拉唑镁结晶方式为球形结晶,结晶温度是影响晶型的关键因素,优化后的结晶温度为25 ℃。优化后的工艺可以制备晶型固定、粒度分布均匀、平均粒度大的三水合艾司奥美拉唑镁药物颗粒。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.