菠萝果浸提液中菠萝蛋白酶的稳定性研究

为了防止菠萝蛋白酶生产过程中失活,以菠萝果的提取液为对象,研究了温度及停留时间、pH值、金属离子种类和浓度,多元醇和糖等因素对浸提液中菠萝蛋白酶活性的影响．在实验范围内,温度超过50℃时浸提液中菠萝蛋白酶将明显失活,在浸提液原始pH条件下,浸提液中菠萝蛋白酶稳定性最好;Fe3＋、Fe2＋、Cu^2＋等金属离子都使浸提液中菠萝蛋白酶稳定性下降,Fe^2＋的影响最大;Ca^2＋含量在20～40mg·L^-1时,可提高浸提液中菠萝蛋白酶的稳定性,甘油和葡萄糖可明显提高浸提液中菠萝蛋白酶的稳定性．     

回流法提取菠萝皮中多酚及其含量的测定

采用乙醇回流法从菠萝皮中提取多酚类物质,利用酒石酸亚铁分光光度法表征提取物中多酚的含量,通过正交试验对提取条件进行优化,结果表明:菠萝皮中多酚的最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度为70%,提取温度为30℃,料液比为1∶8(g∶mL),提取时间为45min,菠萝皮中多酚类化合物的提取量为12.65mg/g.     

超声波提取菠萝皮色素及其稳定性研究

用正交试验对菠萝皮色素的超声提取工艺进行了筛选,并研究光照、温度、pH值、金属离子及常见添加剂等对其稳定性的影响.结果表明,提取的最佳工艺为:80%乙醇为提取剂,pH4.6,超声功率350W,超声时间20min,料液比1:10(mL:g);在此条件下,菠萝皮色素的最大吸收波长为280nm.菠萝皮色素稳定性较好,耐光耐热;在酸性环境中比较稳定;有较强的抗氧化性;抗坏血酸、金属离子Fe2+和Cu2+ 对该色素稳定性影响显著.     

苦瓜—菠萝复合饲料的研制

对苦瓜－ 菠萝复合饮料的配方、稳定性、杀菌等工艺问题进行了研究,结果表明：当采用原汁配比为７∶３ ,可溶性固形物含量为１０ ％ ,ｐ Ｈ 为３ 时,饮料风味最佳;添加０ ．２ ％ 海藻酸钠和０ ．００５ ％ 黄原胶,能得到稳定性良好的饮料     

菠萝蛋白酶的基本性质研究

本文介绍了菠萝蛋白酶的紫外吸收光谱、分子量、米氏常数 K_■、激活剂等抟影响,以及最适的 pH 和温度、热失活情况等基本性质.实验表明菠萝蛋白酶为非金属酶;发现不同来源的菠萝蛋白酶的最适 pH 为中性,都具有一定的耐热性.     

响应面法优化乳酸辅助提取菠萝皮果胶的工艺研究

为优化乳酸辅助提取菠萝皮果胶的工艺,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法建立了菠萝皮果胶提取工艺的二次响应面方程。实验证实提取时间、乳酸浓度、液料比、提取温度对菠萝皮果胶提取率有不同的影响。结果表明,在实验范围内,各工艺条件对菠萝皮果胶提取率的影响大小顺序为:提取温度乳酸浓度提取时间液料比。菠萝皮果胶提取的最佳工艺参数:提取时间96 min,乳酸浓度8.25%,液料比25 m L·g-1,提取温度74℃,在此条件下,菠萝皮果胶提取率达8.47%,与预测值相对误差为0.58%,验证了该模型的有效性,表明该提取工艺条件合理可行。     

单宁法提取菠萝蛋白酶后菠萝废汁的回收利用的研究

单宁法从菠萝皮汁中提取菠萝蛋白酶是我区目前普遍使用的方法。单宁法提取菠萝蛋白酶的优点是工艺简单,工人容易掌握,生产成本低,菠萝蛋白酶的提取率高。缺点是生产出的菠萝蛋白酶色泽深,活性低,溶解度差。更主要的是提酶后的菠萝汁残留有一定的     

粉菠萝组培快繁的研究

报道了观赏凤梨的主要种类之一———粉菠萝[Aechmea fasciata(Lindl.)Baker]的组培快繁技术体系的研究结果:用茎段作为外植体,以MS+100 mg.L-1肌醇+0.5 mg.L-1烟酸+1.0 mg.L-1盐酸硫胺素+0.5 mg.L-1盐酸吡哆素+2.0 mg.L-1甘氨酸+2.5 mg.L-1BA+0.25mg.L-1NAA+7 g.L-1的琼脂+25 g.L-1的蔗糖作为初代培养基(pH=5.8),成功地建立了无菌材料;增殖培养基的成份与初代培养基完全相同时,经连续6个月的培养(此期间不更换新鲜培养基),繁殖系数可达8.9倍;试验了不同种类和不同浓度配比的生长调节剂对粉菠萝增殖培养效果的影响,在其它条件完全相同的情况下,以NAA=0.5 mg.L-1的处理(不附加细胞分裂素类生长调节剂)能取得最理想的增殖效果,繁殖系数为9.51,而且植株嫩绿、粗壮、长势最好;生根壮苗培养基中的生长调节剂(IBA)浓度为1.0 mg.L-1,其余成分与初代培养基完全相同,在该培养基上培养180 d的粉菠萝组培苗,平均株高可达10.74 cm,单株平均根数可达10.32条,单株平均根长为2.51 cm;粉菠萝组培苗容易移栽成活,移栽成活率可达95%以上.     

改性离子交换树脂固定化漆酶及其动力学性质研究

环氧基改性的丙烯酸系树脂含环氧基,环氧基可在温和条件下与蛋白质上的亲核基团氨基反应而实现其固定化.研究了环氧基改性的离子交换树脂固定化漆酶的最优条件和固定化漆酶的酶学性质,结果表明,固定化漆酶时,在硫酸铵浓度为1.5mol·L-1、加酶量0.2U·g-1、pH 6.5、温度35℃条件下固定3h,测得固定化酶活性最好,比活力为0.026U·g-1,活力回收率为3.67%;该固定化酶催化反应的的最适温度为45℃,最适pH 4.5,米氏常数(Km)为1.233×10-3 mmol·L-1.锰离子、铁离子和钙离子在4×10-3~4×10-4 mol·L-1浓度之间时对固定化漆酶活性有抑制作用,在4×10-5~4×10-6 mol·L-1浓度之间时有激活作用.     

脲对果菠萝蛋白酶的变性与失活动力学

以脲为变性剂,以荧光光谱为监测手段,对果菠萝蛋白酶(Fruit bromelain)的分子构象变化进行研究,酶的荧光强度随脲浓度增大而递增,发射峰出现红移。荧光偏振在 230～240 nm及 260～290 nm 出现二个负峰,后者较为显著,并随脲浓度增大而加剧。脲对酶水解N-苄氧羰酰 L-赖氨酸对硝基酚酯(CBZ-Lys·pNP)活力的影响,表现为非竞争性抑制类型;比较脲对游离酶(E)及结合酶(ES)的失活速度常数。结果二者相等,底物不表现保护作用。测定酶在不同浓度脲中的变性速度常数和失活速度常数,比较了酶的构象变化及催化活力的关系,酶的失活速度常数比变性速度约大6～16倍。说明酶活性中心对脲的敏感性,酶活力的表现很大程度上依赖于酶构象的稳定性和完整性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to