杜邦嗜热菌脂肪酶在黑曲霉中的异源表达

该文将杜邦嗜热菌脂肪酶TDL2在黑曲霉系统中异源表达,并考察TDL2自带信号肽和pCAMBIA质粒信号肽对脂肪酶TDL2表达的影响.利用PCR和无缝克隆技术,将脂肪酶TDL2的编码序列与质粒pCAMBIA0380线性片段拼接,分别构建利用β-葡萄糖苷酶bgl2的信号肽的重组质粒pCAMBIA-TDL2-1和利用TDL2信号肽序列的重组质粒pCAMBIA-TDL2-2.用根瘤农杆菌介导转化宿主细胞A. niger CICC 2213构建组成型黑曲霉工程菌A. niger/pCAMBIA-TDL2-1和A. niger/pCAMBIA-TDL2-2,在发酵120 h后其发酵单位分别达到18.5 U·mL^-1和38.3 U·mL^-1,实现了脂肪酶TDL2在黑曲霉中的异源表达.SDS-PAGE分析和活力测定结果表明:利用脂肪酶TDL2信号肽的工程菌A. niger/pCAMBIA-TDL2-2比利用bgl2信号肽的工程菌A. niger/pCAMBIA-TDL2-1的表达量更大、发酵单位更高.     

枯草芽孢杆菌产β-甘露聚糖酶的发酵条件优化分析

为获得枯草芽孢杆菌产β-甘露聚糖酶的最佳发酵条件,分别对碳源、氮源、碳氮质量比、发酵时间和培养温度进行了单因素实验,在此基础上对发酵温度、接种量、培养基初始pH值和发酵时间四因素进行了L9(34)正交优化试验.结果表明枯草芽孢杆菌分泌β-甘露聚糖酶的最佳碳源为40 g/L魔芋精粉,最佳氮源为5 g/L酵母抽提物,两者最佳质量比为5∶1,最佳发酵条件为30℃的条件下摇瓶培养28 h;最佳发酵参数组合为发酵温度30℃、接种量5%、培养基初始pH6.5、发酵时间28 h;各因素对枯草芽孢杆菌产β-甘露聚糖酶的影响程度大小依次为发酵时间>发酵温度>接种量>培养基初始pH,其中发酵时间对产酶的影响最为显著.     

黄芩苷工业化生产的实验研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法对黄芩苷含量进行测定,采用正交试验设计,以醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间进行考察,优选黄芩苷的最佳提取工艺;以静置时间、酸沉p H值、保温时间为考察因素,优选黄芩苷的最佳纯化条件.结果表明,黄芩苷最佳提取工艺为用70%的乙醇提取3次,2h/次;最佳纯化工艺为将提取液用酸调整p H值为2. 0,保温30min,静置12h,由此提取工艺和纯化工艺可以获得含量较高的黄芩苷,工艺稳定可行.确定黄芩苷的最佳提取工艺和纯化工艺,为黄芩苷的工业生产提供实验数据.     

胰蛋白酶水解制备菠菜叶蛋白多肽的工艺研究

本文以脱脂干菠菜叶为原料,用胰蛋白酶水解制备菠菜叶蛋白多肽.研究了酶解温度、时间、p H值及酶-底物浓度比(E/S%)对菠菜叶蛋白多肽制备率的影响,结果表明,温度37℃,时间14 h,p H 8.5,酶-底物浓度比2.2%为胰蛋白酶的最佳水解条件.在此条件下,菠菜叶蛋白多肽的制备率可达86%.     

羧甲基-β-环糊精用于氢化安息香和联萘酚磷酸酯的毛细管电泳拆分

以羧甲基-β-CD(CM-β-CD)为手性添加剂,用毛细管区带电泳法对氢化安息香和联萘酚磷酸酯的消旋体进行了拆分研究.实验考察了CM-β-CD的浓度、背景电解质的p H值、分离电压对对映体分离的影响.结果表明,以100 mmol/L Tris-磷酸为缓冲液,CM-β-CD的浓度在5-30 mg/m L,p H值7.5-10.0之间,电压在10-30 k V之间,温度在25℃时,氢化安息香和联萘酚磷酸酯均能获得基线分离.该方法简便、快速、分离范围宽,可用于氢化安息香和联萘酚磷酸酯的手性分离.     

搅拌法制备八角茴香挥发油-β-环糊精工艺研究

目的:研究八角茴香挥发油-β-环糊精包合物的最佳制备工艺。方法:采用溶液-搅拌法制备八角茴香挥发油-β-环糊精包合物,以包合率为考察指标,以正交试验筛选最佳制备工艺。结果:八角茴香挥发油、β-环糊精分子摩尔比为1:4、包合温度40℃,包合时间1h,包合效果最佳。     

磁性阳离子吸附树脂在双水相体系中分离神秘果蛋白的研究

利用磁性阳离子吸附树脂与双水相体系联用对神秘果蛋白进行分离和纯化.探究了溶液p H值、离子强度和吸附速率对羧基改性粒子吸附神秘果蛋白能力的影响,并考察了双水相的组成、溶液p H和氯化钠质量分数对该体系萃取神秘果蛋白效果的影响.结果表明,当羧基改性粒子在溶液p H值为4.9,且不加氯化钠时,吸附神秘果蛋白效果最佳.双水相体系中,当PEG 4000质量分数为16%,(NH4)2SO4质量分数为8%时,该双水相体系对神秘果蛋白的萃取效果最佳.联合两种方法,经紫外分光光度法测定,从25 g冻干神秘果果肉中,提取出了30 mg的神秘果蛋白.     

添加AOT的微乳液法制备纳米SnO2及其表征

采用AOT(二-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠)为表面活性剂,以正庚烷为油相,以四氯化锡为前驱物,采用油包水型微乳液法制备了纳米Sn O2颗粒,并借助XRD、DTA-TG、FTIR、SEM等手段系统研究了制备温度、AOT质量、溶液p H值等因素对产物性能的影响.本实验体系中的最佳工艺参数为:p H=8,水-表面活性剂摩尔比1∶2,AOT质量0.6 g,锻烧温度600℃,保温时间2 h.在最佳试验条件下所制备的Sn O2粉末平均粒径为4.1 nm,较常规沉淀法制备的Sn O2颗粒细小且团聚少,具有更好的性能.     

链球菌产磷酸甘油氧化酶的基本特性

介绍了经筛选的链球菌(StreptococcusSP.)产磷酸甘油氧化酶的分离纯化及部分性质的研究.发酵培养液经离心收集菌体,用超声波破碎,40%~75%硫酸铵沉淀法进行粗分级,再通过Q-Sepharose FF、Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B、Chelating Sepharose FF和Sephacryl S-200 HR层析纯化,纯化的磷酸甘油氧化酶在还原、非还原SDS-PAGE中显示单一条蛋白着色带并测得该酶的表观分子质量为67.6 kDa,用HPLC测得其天然状态酶的表观分子质量为     

新疆多花蔷薇根中熊果酸的提取及分离纯化工艺研究

通过超声-微波辅助法提取了多花蔷薇根中的熊果酸,并对其进行分离、纯化,确定了最优提取及分离纯化条件.采用响应面法优化熊果酸的提取工艺,经脱脂、脱色、酸碱沉淀、凝胶柱层析等方法得到了分离纯化熊果酸的最佳条件,用紫外光谱(UV),红外光谱(IR),核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR),核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)对产品进行鉴定.结果表明:在超声功率50 W,微波功率310 W,提取时间2.4 min,液固比20:1 mL/g,微波浸提时间15 min,浸提温度55℃的提取条件下,熊果酸的得率可达2.64%.当石油醚用量为提取液体积的0.2倍,脱脂2次,活性炭用量0.04 g/mL,脱色3次,碱沉淀p H值为12,酸沉淀p H值为4,熊果酸粗品用葡聚糖凝胶LH-20分离洗脱2次时,重结晶后的熊果酸纯度在97%以上,达到较好的分离效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.