黄芩提取物对脓肿分枝杆菌生长及生物膜形成的影响

为了研究黄芩提取物对脓肿分枝杆菌浮游细菌及生物膜的影响，本研究以脓肿分枝杆菌标准菌株ATCC 19977以及临床分离株作为受试菌，采用Alarmar-Blue液体药敏法测定黄芩提取物对脓肿分枝杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC），平板涂布法测定最小杀菌浓度（MBC），结晶紫染色法和扫描电子显微镜分析黄芩提取物对脓肿分枝杆菌生物膜形成量及形态结构的影响，进一步采用了RT-qPCR探究黄芩提取物对分枝菌酸合成相关基因表达的影响.结果表明黄芩提取物对脓肿分枝杆菌标准菌株ATCC 19977以及8株临床分离株的MIC90为50~100 mg/mL，MBC为50~200 mg/mL；黄芩提取物可显著降低脓肿分枝杆菌生物膜形成量（P<0.05），破坏生物膜的结构，并且显著降低分枝菌酸合成相关基因表达量（P<0.01）.本研究表明黄芩提取物能够抑制脓肿分枝杆菌的生长以及生物膜的形成.     

氟苯尼考与4种中药联用对鳗鲡致病菌的抑制作用

在鳗鲡体外采用琼脂培养法测定了氟苯尼考、大黄、黄连、黄芩、黄柏5种药物单用与联用对24株致病菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度,结果表明:单用时,24株致病菌对氟苯尼考敏感(MIC≤8 μg/mL)的有16株;对大黄、黄连、黄芩和黄柏敏感(MIC≤50 mg/mL)的分别有18株、21株、20株和2株.氟苯尼考分别与大黄、黄连、黄芩、黄柏联用时,共筛选出34种联用复方对15株致病菌有协同和相加作用.     

苦木注射液联用影响阿奇霉素细菌耐药的体外研究

本实验旨在研究阿奇霉素联合苦木注射液对临床常见耐药菌的体外抑菌效果.体外抑菌实验采用96孔微量肉汤稀释法测定标准菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、痢疾志贺菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及部分抑菌指数(FIC);采用体外药物浓度递增法对联合用药后具协同作用的标准菌株进行诱导耐药,测定两药联合后对高度耐药菌株的MIC及FIC值.结果表明,阿奇霉素联合苦木注射液对标准菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌痢疾志贺菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希氏菌具协同抑菌作用,对系列阿奇霉素高度耐药菌均具协同抑菌作用.综上,阿奇霉素联合苦木注射液对临床常见耐药菌有较好的抑菌作用.     

38种中草药对大菱鲆源副溶血弧菌的抑杀效果

为确定中草药对大菱鲆源副溶血弧菌的抑杀效果,选择鱼腥草、黄芪和甘草等38种中草药,采用牛津杯打孔法和改良二倍稀释法测定了中草药对大菱鲆源副溶血弧菌的敏感性。结果显示:副溶血弧菌对黄连、五倍子、秦皮、诃子、石榴皮、黄芩等6种中草药高度敏感,其抑菌范围为20～27 mm,其中以五倍子的抑菌作用最强,抑菌直径为27 mm;对青蒿、苏木、淫羊藿、乌梅、丁香、赤芍、地榆、栀子、地锦草、连翘、女贞子、黄柏、虎杖、白头翁、川棘子等15种中草药敏感,其抑菌圈直径为11～19 mm;对其他中草药不敏感。同时,采用改良微量二倍稀释法以及涂布法测定了具有抑菌作用的上述21种中草药对副溶血弧菌的MIC和MBC,结果表明:秦皮、诃子、石榴皮、黄连、五倍子、黄芩的抑菌和杀菌能力最强,其MIC和MBC分别为1.56 g/L和3.13 g/L;其次为淫羊藿、丁香、地榆、栀子、连翘、地锦草、苏木、赤芍、乌梅和青蒿,其MIC和MBC分别为3.13 g/L和6.25 g/L;白头翁的抑菌和杀菌效果最差,其MIC和MBC分别为25.00 g/L和50.00 g/L。     

喙尾琵琶甲抗菌活性的研究

目的:观察喙尾琵琶甲乙醇提取物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的体外抑菌活性.方法:采用试管稀释法测定喙尾琵琶甲乙醇提取物对5株临床分离的MRSA菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),初步判断其抑菌效果.结果:喙尾琵琶甲乙醇提取物对5株MRSA的MIC值为0.98～1.95 mg/mL,MBC值为3.9～7.8 mg/mL.结论:喙尾琵琶甲乙醇提取物具有良好的体外抑菌活性.     

紫草素体外抗菌活性的实验研究

目的:本文主要研究紫草主要成分紫草素体外抗菌活性及其抗菌谱.方法:用琼脂平板法测定紫草素的抗菌谱;以左氧氟沙星为阳性对照药,通过试管二倍稀释法检测紫草素最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC).结果:紫草素对多种常见菌株包括革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌以及真菌显示出抗菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌(MIC为6.25μg·mL~(-1),MBC为25.0μg·mL~(-1))、大肠埃希菌菌(MIC为12.5μg·mL~(-1),MBC为25.0μg·mL~(-1))、白色念珠菌(MIC为1.563μg·mL~(-1),MBC为3.125μg·mL~(-1))、蜡状芽孢杆菌(MIC为1.563μg·mL~(-1),MBC为6.25μg·mL~(-1))、沙门氏菌(MIC为25.0μg·mL~(-1),MBC100.0μg·mL~(-1))的生长有显著的抑制作用.抗菌能力与左氧氟沙星相当.结论:紫草素具有良好的抗菌作用,具有成为抗菌药物先导化合物的条件.     

大蒜和生姜提取物体外联合抑菌效果的研究

目的:探讨大蒜和生姜提取物体外联合抑菌效果。方法:以酶解法提取大蒜提取物,用K-B法分别检测大蒜和生姜提取物的体外抑菌效果,用宏量稀释法检测其最低抑菌浓度,以微量稀释法检测大蒜和生姜提取物联合抑菌效果。结果:大蒜提取物对实验菌株的抑菌圈直径均大于生姜提取物,差异具有统计学意义;大蒜提取物对标准株ATCC 25923、ATCC 90029和临床分离株1420的MIC均小于生姜提取物;大蒜与生姜提取物联合使用时,对标准株ATCC25923的抑菌作用是无关作用,对临床分离耐药株1420的抑菌作用表现为协同作用,对ATCC 90029的抑菌作用为相加作用。结论:大蒜和生姜提取物对实验中的革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌和真菌均有抑菌作用,其中大蒜提取物的抑菌效果显著强于生姜提取物。大蒜与生姜提取物联合使用时,可增强对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌1420和白色念珠菌标准株ATCC 90029的抑菌效果,减少药物用量。     

岩黄连与抗生素配伍后对金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌效果的比较

目的 为了探讨岩黄连与抗生素配伍后体外联合抑菌效果。方法 使用岩黄连、青霉素、左氧氟沙星、磷霉素、头孢拉定作为试验药物,以金黄色葡萄球菌作为试验菌株,采用倍比稀释法测定岩黄连与四种常用抗生素的最小抑菌浓度,采用棋盘稀释法测定岩黄连与四种抗生素的联合抑菌浓度。结果 岩黄连、青霉素、左氧氟沙星、磷霉素和头孢拉定最小抑菌浓度分别为20 mg/mL、0.25 μg/mL、0.5 μg/mL、0.5 μg/mL和1 μg/mL;岩黄连与青霉素、头孢拉定、左氧氟沙星联用后表现为协同作用;岩黄连与磷霉素联用后表现为无关作用。结论 岩黄连与青霉素、头孢拉定、左氧氟沙星联用可达到高效抑制金黄色葡萄的作用,对临床应用具有一定的参考意义。     

藏药四臣止咳颗粒剂抗菌抗病毒作用研究

目的:探讨藏药四臣止咳颗粒剂的抗菌、抗病毒作用。方法:采用二倍稀释法、平板转种法测定四臣止咳颗粒剂的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(MBC),采用孙氏综合法测定四臣止咳颗粒剂对金黄色葡葡球菌ATCC25925株、流感嗜血杆菌58535株、甲型流行性感冒病毒FM1株、3型腺病毒标准株感染小鼠的半数保护量。结果:四臣止咳颗粒剂对试验所选用的458株临床分离菌株均有一定的抑制和灭活作用,对感染金黄色葡葡球菌ATCC25925株和感染流感嗜血杆菌58535株的小鼠及感染甲型流感病毒FM1株、3型腺病毒标准株的小鼠均有显著的保护作用。结论:四臣止咳颗粒剂具有明显的抗菌抗病毒作用。     

童炎康颗粒体外抑菌作用的研究

采用液体试管两倍稀释法测定童炎康颗粒对临床分离菌及标准菌的最低杀菌浓度（MBC）或最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,并与玉叶解毒颗粒、抗病毒颗粒作比较.结果表明童炎康颗粒能够抑制临床分离金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎双球菌、甲型化脓性链球菌及标准金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的生长繁殖,在体外有明显的抑菌作用.并且童炎康颗粒、玉叶解毒颗粒和抗病毒颗颗粒各自的临床等效量条件下,前者比后两者作用更明显.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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