H3PW12O40/H2O2/H2O体系催化氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛

合成一系列杂多酸(盐)并采用红外光谱对其进行表征,研究它们对苯甲醇氧化合成苯甲醛反应的催化性能.并以H3PW1 2O40为催化剂,分别考察溶剂类型、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量和H2O2用量对该反应的影响,并且初步探讨该反应的反应机理.实验结果表明:5种杂多酸(盐)均具有Keggin型结构,以水为溶剂时,5种杂多酸(盐)均具有催化活性,其中H3PW12O40催化活性最高.在催化剂用量0.04mmol、w(H2O2)=30%的H2O2用量0.015mol、反应时间3.5h、反应温度90℃、溶剂水用量10mL的优化反应条件下,苯甲醇的转化率为95.59%,苯甲醛的收率可达91.62%.由此可知,H3PW12O40/H2O2/H2O体系是环境友好的高效催化体系,具有工业化应用前景.     

一种新型噻唑盐的微波辅助合成及对安息香缩合的催化作用

以4-甲基-5-羟乙基噻唑和对氰基氯化苄为原料微波合成一种新型噻唑盐,3-(对氰基苄基)-4-甲基-5-(2-羟乙基)噻唑氯化物,再用此噻唑盐替代VB1作为安息香缩合反应的催化剂,检验其催化性能,发现催化苯甲醛得苯偶姻收率为74.5％、催化糠醛得糠偶姻收率为76.1％,此噻唑盐不仅具有天然VB1的无毒性,且可回收利用;考察了物质的量投料比、反应时间、反应温度及微波反应器功率对此噻唑盐收率的影响;并用HPLC测定产物的纯度,通过熔点、元素分析、IR及LC-MS对噻唑盐性质和及苯偶姻结构进行了表征.     

腐植酸负载钯催化剂对Heck反应的催化性能

研究了腐植酸负载钯催化剂对碘苯、溴苯及其芳基卤衍生物与丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应的催化性能.在氮气保护下,讨论了时间、温度、催化剂用量、碱和溶剂对反应产率的影响.结果表明:以溴苯与丙烯酸的反应为例,催化剂在130℃反应12 h,三丁胺作为碱,催化剂用量为0.44 mol%的钯含量,四丁基溴化铵作为溶剂的条件下具有较好的催化性能;对碘苯及溴苯的衍生物与丙烯酸的反应也有很高的催化活性.     

固体酸TiO2/SO42-催化合成紫罗兰酮

本文以固体强酸TiO2/SO42-作催化剂,苯/三氯甲烷(2:1)作溶剂,研究了假性紫罗兰酮环化合成紫罗兰酮的反应.探索了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和溶剂用量等因素对反应结果的影响.最佳合成条件:5.6mL假性紫罗兰酮,催化剂用量为2.1g,溶剂用量为8mL,环化反应温度为20℃,反应时间为2.0h,在此条件下所得紫罗兰酮的产率约为77%~78%左右,高于文献值70.4%.     

松香胺希夫碱-铜催化松香的氧化反应研究

研究了以松香胺希夫碱 铜配合物为催化剂催化H2O2氧化松香的情况.探索了H2O2浓度、溶剂、催化剂的用量、温度等因素对反应的影响 实验结果表明,在无水乙醇作溶剂,松香胺希夫碱 铜催化剂用量为2%情况下,温度对反应的影响最大 其次为H2O2的用量,而时间对反应的影响最小.通过正交实验得出最佳实验条件为:在松香与无水乙醇的质量比为1∶5,松香胺希夫碱 铜催化剂用量为2%情况下,反应温度80℃,35%H2O2的用量7ml,反应时间1h较理想.     

苯偶酰的高效简便合成

以Fe3 /Cu2 为氧化剂,绿色氧化苯偶姻合成了苯偶酰,研究了铜盐、铵盐和硝酸盐的类型及其用量对反应的影响,讨论了可能的反应的机理.结果表明:以10 mmol苯偶姻为原料,2 mL 2%的Cu(OAc)2溶液为氧化剂,10mmol硝酸铵为助剂,14mL冰醋酸为溶剂,添加1 g FeCl3·6H2O,回流温度下反应时间可从90 min减少至60 min,苯偶酰的收率高达98.4%,其结构经红外光谱、元素分析等进行了表征.     

1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐的合成研究

以N-癸基咪唑和1,2-二溴乙烷为原料,经季铵化反应合成1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐。通过正交试验,确定1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐较佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度(45±2)℃,原料摩尔比为2.4∶1(N-癸基咪唑∶1,2-二溴乙烷),反应时间10h。利用IR和1H-NMR对产物进行结构表征。     

SiO_2负载磷钨酸铯盐催化剂上香兰素与1,2-丙二醇的缩合反应

制备一系列硅胶(SiO2)负载的磷钨酸铯盐催化剂,将其用于香兰素与1,2-丙二醇的缩合反应,合成香兰素丙二醇缩醛,考察催化剂中Cs+取代数、磷钨酸铯盐负载量、催化剂用量、1,2-丙二醇与香兰素摩尔比及反应时间对缩合反应的影响.结果表明:磷钨酸铯盐的Cs+取代数为2.5、负载量为40%时催化剂活性最高;在反应温度368 K、n(1,2-丙二醇)/n(香兰素)=2.4、催化剂用量占反应体系质量分数1.5%、带水剂苯的用量30 mL、回流反应3 h的条件下,香兰素的转化率达到86.6%,香兰素丙二醇缩醛的选择性为100%.     

以双雌甾为模板的双核铜蛋白模型化合物的合成及催化苯偶姻的氧化

以２，４－双（Ｎ－咪唑甲基）－１７β－雌二醇与１，３－二溴丙烷通过醚化偶联，继与［Ｃｕ（ＣＨ３ＣＮ）４］ＣｌＯ４反应，合成了含双雌二醇、四咪唑基的新型双核铜蛋白模型化合物．研究了该模型物与相关模拟体系催化氧化苯偶姻的反应，发现双雌甾模型物与底物间的疏水相互作用有利于苯偶姻的氧化反应     

功能化离子液体支载脯氨酸催化的Knoevenagel缩合反应

将L-脯氨酸支载在功能化离子液体四氟硼酸1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓盐上合成了一种功能化的离子液体支载脯氨酸催化剂([Promim]CF3COO),该催化剂可在温和条件下顺利地催化丙二腈和一系列芳香醛进行的Knoevenagel缩合反应,目标产物的产率达到80%~98%,选择性为99%以上.反应操作和后处理简单方便,离子液体支载脯氨酸催化剂通过简单的处理即可实现循环利用,以对-氯苯甲醛和丙二腈为反应底物的模板反应,该催化剂可以较稳定地循环使用,到第4次时产率为86%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that