The subducted slab of Yangtze continental block beneath the Tethyan orogen in western Yunnan

The western Yunnan area is a natural laboratory with fully developed and best preserved Tethyan orogen in the world. Seismic tomography reveals a slab-like high velocity anomaly down to 250 km beneath the western Yunnan Tethyan orogen, to its west there is a low-velocity column about 300 km wide. In the region from Lancangjiang to Mojiang an obvious low velocity in the lower crust and uppermost mantle overlies on the slab. Synthesizing the available geological and geochemical results, the present paper demonstrates that this slab-like high velocity anomaly is a part of the subducted plate of Yangtze continental segment after the closure of Paleotethys. The collision of India and Eurasia continent starting from 50–60 MaBP might trigger thermal disturbance in the upper mantle and cause the uprising of asthenosphere, in that case the subducted Yangtze plate could be broken off, causing Cenozoic magmatic activities and underplating in the Lancangjiang-Mojiang region.     

The subducted slab of Yangtze Continental block beneath the Tethyan orogen in western Yunnan

The western Yunnan area is a natural laboratory with fully developed and best preserved Tethyan orogen in the world. Seismic tomography reveals a slab-like high velocity anomaly down to 250 km beneath the western Yunnan Tethyan orogen, to its west there is a low-velocity column about 300 km wide. in the region from Lancangjiang to Mojiang an obvious low velocity in the lower crust and uppermost mantle overlies on the slab. Synthesizing the available geological and geochemical results, the present paper demonstrates that this slab-like high velocity anomaly is a part of the subducted plate of Yangtze Continental segment after the closure of Paleotethys. The collision of India and Eurasia continent starting from 50-60 MaBP might trigger thermal disturbance in the upper mantle and cause the uprising of asthenosphere, in that case the subducted Yangtze plate could be broken off, causing Cenozoic magmatic activities and underplating in the Lancangjiang-Mojiang region.     

Comparison of mantle-derived matierals from different spatiotemporal settings: Implications for destructive and accretional processes of the North China Craton

Cratonic destruction or lithospheric thinning beneath North China makes it as one of the most ideal areas for the studying on the formation and evolution of continent. However, the mechanism, time, range and dynamic setting of the destruction, even the lithospheric status before the destruction, are contentious. The comparison among mantle xenoliths in the volcanic rocks from different captured times （e.g. Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic） and locations （e.g. intra-plate or its rim, the translithospheric Tanlu fault or the North-South Gravity Line）, and peridotitic massifs within the Sulu-Dabie ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism belt along the southern margin of the North China Craton, indicates that （1） the cratonic lithosphere is heterogeneous in structure and composition, and contains mantle weak zones; and （2） the Mesozoic-Cenozoic lithospheric thinning process is complex, including lateral spreading of lithosphere, interaction between melt and peridotite, non-even asthenospheric erosion （huge lithospheric thinning）, and the limited lithospheric accretion and thus thickening, which resulted in the final replacement of the refractory cratonic lithosphere by juvenile fertile mantle. In early Mesozoic, the integrity of the North China Craton was interrupted, even destroyed by subduction and collision of the Yangtze block. The mantle wedge of the North China Craton was also metasomatized and modified by melt/fluids revealed from the subducted Yangtze continent. Lithospheric mantle extension and tectonic intrusion of the North China Craton also occurred, accompanied by the asthenospheric upwelling that due to the detachement of the subducted Yangtze continent （orogenic root）. During early Cretaceous-early Tertiary, the huge thinning of lithosphere was triggered by the upwelling asthenosphere due to the subduction of the Pacific plate. Since late Tertiary, the cooling of the upwelling asthenosphere resulted in the replacement of the mantle in existence by the newly accreted lithosphere, accompanied with a little thickness in lithosphere and thus finally achieved the lithospheric thinning as a whole. The translithospheric faults, such as the Tanlu fault, play excellent channels for asthenospheric upwelling. Meanwhile, the channels in lithosphere are usually irregular, which resulted in different eruption times of magma. Peridotite xenolith in the basalts erupted at 100 Ma is mainly fertile, indicating such a fact, that is, the mantle replacement occurred before the eruption （e.g. 125--100 Ma） beneath the eastern part of the North China Craton.     

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating for gabbro at Chaotiehe in the Haicheng area, eastern Liaoning

Chaotiehe gabbroic intrusion in the eastern part of Liaoning Province was dated by the zircon SHRIMP U-Pb technique. The results gave an emplacement age of 126±4 Ma, indicating that the intrusion thus formed during the lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton (NCC) in the Early Cretaceous rather than in a rifting setting during the Paleoproterozoic as previously thought. The gabbroic intrusion contains abundant old zircons with Paleoproterozoic (2.10–2.46 Ga and ca. 1.87 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (747–969 Ma) ages. The Paleoproterozoic zircons were probably derived from NCC itself, whereas the Neoproterozoic ones were likely from materials of the Yangtze Craton that had previously been subducted beneath NCC. These geochronological dates are of important implications for understanding the Mesozoic crustal evolution of NCC.     

The low-velocity layer at the depth of 620 km beneath Northeast China

Based on the 3-D Earth model, the common convert points-phase weighted stacks （CCP-PWS） migration method is used to image the upper mantle discontinuities beneath Northeast China （longitude 120°―132°; latitude 38°―40°） with 802 observed receiver functions. Teleseismic records are obtained from 4 stations belonging to CCDSN and 19 stations belonging to PASSCAL. A low-velocity layer has been detected at the depth of 620 km. This low-velocity layer rises to 600 km in the east of the study region close to the subducted slab. We consider that this low-velocity layer might be the accumulated oceanic crustal material delaminated from the western Pacific subducted slab. Additionally, we detect the obvious depression of 660 km discontinuity which was attributed to the interaction between the upper mantle and subducted slab. The maximum depth of 660 km discontinuity approaches 700 km, and 660 km discontinuity splits into multiple discontinuities in the northeast of the study region.     

Re-Os dating of the Raobazhai ultra mafic massif in North Dabie

The ultramafic massif at Raobazhai in North Dabie is located in the suture zone between the Yangtze craton and North China eraton. The Re-Os isotope compositions of the massif are used to decipher the origin and tectonics of the ultramafic rocks involved in continental subduction and exhumation. Fifteen samples were collected from five drill holes along the main SE-NW axis of the Raobazhai massif. Major and trace element compositions of the samples show linear correlations between MgO, Yb and Al_2O_3. This suggests that the massif experienced partial melting with variable degrees and is from fertile to deplete in basaltic compositions. Nine selected samples were analyzed for Re-Os isotope compositions. Re contents range from 0.004 to 0.376 rig/g, Os contents from 0.695 to 3.761 ng/g, ~(187)Re/~(188)Os ratios from 0.022 to 2.564 and ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratios from 0.1165 to 0.1306. These indicate that the massif is a piece of continental lithospheric mantle with variable depletion. Using the positive corre     

The recognition of adakite-type gneisses in the North Dabie Mountain and its implication to ultrahigh pressure metamorphic geology

Adakite[1] is an igneous rock generated by the partial melting of subducting ocean slab in an island arc setting. Meanwhile, residuals of the slab-melting are transformed to eclogite or garnet-amphibolite during a slab subduction process. This note reports the adakite-type grey gneisses discovered in the North Dabie Mountain. These adakitic rocks are characterized by high Al2O3 (14.97%-17.56%), Sr (545-941 μg/g), Sr/Y (44.71-218.98), La/Yb (16.70-97.50), and low Y (3.32-12.19?μg/g), Yb (0.31-1.34 μg/g), Sc (0.92-4.2 μg/g), as well as positive Sr anomaly but absent or positive Eu anomaly. They are different from the low aluminum grey gneisses with low Al2O3 (13.73%-14.38%), Sr (262-409μg/g), Sr/Y (6.46-15.97) and La/Yb (1.90-22.60), high Y(21.79- 36.24 μg/g), Yb (2.00-5.59 μg/g) , Sc (8.30%-12.70%), and negative Sr, Eu anomaly in the North Dabie Mountain. The adakite-type grey gneisses in the North Dabie Mountain were most probably formed by the partial melting of subducting ocean slab before the Indo-Chinese epoch. We suggest that the subducting of an ocean slab took place prior to the incorporation between the Yangtze and North China plates in the Indo-Chinese epoch, resulting in formation of adakite-type igneous rocks and some ultrahigh pressure eclogites related to the subducted ocean slab. Therefore, besides the ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of the Indo-Chinese epoch, some ultrahigh pressure ecoglits were most likely formed prior to the Indo-Chinese epoch in the Dabie Mountain. In addition, the adakite-type grey gneisses with arc origin occur in the North Dabie Mountain, inferring that the Yangtze plate subducted down below the North China plate and the main suture zone between the two plates was likely along the southern side to the North Dabie Mountain.     

Archean relic body at lower crust in Sulu area: Evidence from magnetic data

Atfer the new 1:1000000 aero magnetic data were processed and the three-dimensional inversion work was carried out,a vast high magnetic body northwestward was discovered,The magnetic body is located at the depth of about 20 km on the wes side of Tanlu fault and at about 25 km on the east side of Tanlu fault beneath the Sulu area,There is a difference of vertical distance of 3-5 km in depth between both sides,We think that the magnetic body is an Archeam metamorphic plate and belongs to the North China block .The Discovery of the magnetic body is significant for us to reconstruct the structure model of the Sulu orogenic belt ,elineate the suture of collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block ,and estimate the depth of slipping surface when the eastside of Tanlu fault moved northward.     

Age of Anzishan granulites in the Mianxian-Lueyang suture zone of Qingling orogen: With a discussion of the timing of final assembly of Yangtze and North China craton blocks

Many granulite blocks have been recently discovered in the Anzishan area, Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province, in the central segment of the Mianxian-Lueyang suture zone. Sm-Nd isochron and 40Ar/39Ar ages of mineral samples of granulites from this area are reported in the note. The granulite mineral samples give a Sm-Nd isochron age of t=(206 ( 55) Ma (2(), with INd = 0.51302(7(2() and MSWD = 1.6, and a biotite 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of (199.7(1.7) Ma (2(). The formation and uplift of the granulites were related to subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the South Qinling microcontinent and their collision and the final amalgamation of the Yangtze and Sino-Korean craton blocks in the Indosinian, and their age is consistent with or close to those of the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure and high-pressure metamorphic rocks, so have great tectonic significance.     

川滇地区地壳结构的虚拟地表震源 反射测深法研究

基于中国地震局地质研究所在中国四川西部布设的流动地震观测台阵数据,用近年发展起来的虚拟地表震源反射测深方法研究川滇地区的地壳结构。结果表明,川滇地块、松潘-甘孜地块和杨子地块3个地块虚拟地表震源反射测深的莫霍面深度存在明显差异:1)四川盆地为40 km左右;2)川滇地块为45~50 km;3)松潘-甘孜地块为30~40 km。四川盆地虚拟地表震源反射测深的莫霍面深度与艾里重力均衡模型所预测的结果基本上一致,而川滇地块和松潘-甘孜地块虚拟地表震源反射测深的莫霍面深度明显小于前人得到的接收函数莫霍面深度和艾里重力均衡模型预测的结果。可能与四川盆地地壳结构简单,而川滇地块及松潘-甘孜地块地壳结构复杂有关。同时,结果显示,在鲜水河断裂和安宁河断裂处虚拟地表震源反射测深的莫霍面深度明显变浅,可能与这些深大断裂处地幔物质的上涌有关。研究结果可为认识青藏高原东南缘的构造变形模式提供新的约束。     

Geochronology of the Hannan intrusive complex to adjoin the Qinling orogen and its rapid cooling reason

The geochronological works for the Hannan intrusive complex, cosisting of the gabbro-quartz dio-rite-plagiogranite bodies, in the north border of the Yangtze craton block, adjoining the Qinling orogen, are reported, because its age and genesis are of great importance to research of the tectonic evalutional history for the Qinling orogen and of the rifted processes for the Late Proterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. A good isochron of t=(837±26) Ma (2σ), corresponding to INd=0.51165±2(2σ), εNd(t)=+1.9, MSWD1.02, was difined by the Nd isotopic analytical results for the 21 whole-rock samples from the varied lithological complex bodies, but for the Rb-Sr isotopic aralytical data there is no isochron. The 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of the biotite, sorted from plagiogranites, is (796±20) Ma(2σ), and yet for the Rb-Sr isotopic data of the plagiogranite whole-rock samples (WR) and the sorted biotite (Bio), plagioclase (Plag) and apatite (Apt) mineral samples from the plagiogranitewhole-rock samples, an isochron of t=(824.86±3.8) Ma (2σ) with ISr=0.70393±14(2σ), MSWD2.44 is given. The U-Pb isotopic results for the single zircon, sorted from pla-giogranite samples, yielded an upper and a lower intercept ages of -876 Ma and -273 Ma. The Nd isotope data of complex indicate that it is probably the products of crystallization differentiation from the magma with 3333Nd>0 when the rapid uplift in 837-800 Ma took place in the northern border of the Yangtze craton block.     

Noble gas abundances and isotopic compositions in mantle-derived xenoliths, NE China

Following the researches of helium isotopic compositions in mantle-derived xenoliths in eastern China,this study reported noble gas abundances and isotopic compositions of mantle-derived xenoliths from Kuandian of Liaoning Province, Huinan of Jilin Province and Hannuoba of Hebei Province. Compared with the middle ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and other continental areas, mantle-derived xenoliths in NE China are characterized by slightly low noble gas abundances, 3He/4He equivalent to or lower than that of MORB, 40Ar/36Ar lower than that of MORB, 38Ar/36Ar and Ne-Kr-Xe isotopic ratios equivalent to those of atmosphere. These results indicate the heterogeneity of subcontinentai lithospheric mantle beneath northeastern China, that is, a MORB reservoir-like mantle beneath Kuandian and an enriched/metasomatized mantle beneath Huinan. Low 40Ar/36Ar ratios in the three studied areas may imply that a subducted atmospheric component has been preserved in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.``     

西藏措勤—赛利普地区新生代火山岩地球化学特征

青藏高原拉萨地块是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的重要地区之一,其中广泛发育的碰撞—后碰撞岩浆岩记录了新生代以来印度大陆岩石圈向北俯冲的全过程以及拉萨地块在碰撞-后碰撞之后的岩浆作用类型.基于对措勘—赛利普地区新生代火山岩地球化学及Sr、Nd同位素资料的分析,表明火山岩中以明显富碱和高钾为特征;Sr同位素呈递增而Nd同位素呈递...     

A physically-based statistical forecast model for the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley summer rainfall

A new approach to forecast the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley summer rainfall in June-August （JJA） is proposed in this paper. The year-to-year increment of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley is forecasted and hence the summer precipitation could be predicted. In this paper, DY is defined as the difference of a variable between the current year and the preceding year （year-to-year increment）. YR denotes the seasonal mean precipitation rate of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley summer rainfall. After analyzing the atmospheric circulation anomalies in winter and spring that were associated with the DY of YR, six key predictors for the DY of YR have been identified. Then the forecast model for the DY of YR is established by using the multi-linear regression method. The predictors for the DY of YR are Antarctic Oscillation, the meridional wind shear between 850hPa and 200hPa over the Indo-Australian region, and so on. The prediction model shows a high skill for the hindcast during 1997-2006, with the average relative root mean square error is at 18%. The model can even reproduce the upward and downward trends of YR during 1984--1998 and 1998--2006. Considering that the current operational forecast models of the summer precipitation over the China region have the average forecast scores at 60%--70% and that the prediction skill for the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River Valley summer precipitation remains quite limited up to now, thus this new approach to predict the year-to-year increment of the summer precipitation over the Yangtze River Valley （and hence the summer precipitation itself） has the potential to significantly increase the operational forecast skill of the summer precipitation.     

三峡高边坡关键分形块体的概率分析

把随机概率模型引入分形块体理论,研究了三峡高边坡关键分形快体的滑落概率和分形块体的大小及其分布密度,为三峡高边坡加固提供了理论依据,具有重要的工程应用价值．     

长江形成的大地构造背景与沿江带的环境效应

长江上游金沙江段的展布形态为一向NE凸出的弧形,宜宾-宜昌段主要为向NW凸出的弧形;中游近似于"S”形;而下游则是向N凸出的弧形.这一特殊的自然地理面貌严格受青藏地块、秦祁昆地块和扬子板块的构造格局控制,是特提斯构造系统和太平洋构造系统及其二者复合作用的结果.沿长江地带的地震活动是上述两大构造系统下,新构造运动所致,在二者的接合部位地震活动最强烈.长江沿岸的地质灾害严格受岸坡的岩石类型、结构面规模以及产状等因素的影响.因此,长江的形成和沿江带的环境效应与大地构造背景密切相关.     

秦岭造山带岩石圈动力学模型--来自大地电磁测深的证据

目的 建立秦岭造山带的岩石圈动力学模型是探索大陆动力学的前沿问题。方法 以地质和综合地球物理资料为约束，在对秦岭造山带东、西两段电性结构对比分析基础上建立了相应的动力学模型。结果 自中新生代以来，尤其是晚白垩世之后华北和扬子两地块向秦岭造山带持续陆内深俯冲作用，导致南秦岭岩石圈强烈向北挤入，秦岭造山带的后陆冲断褶带和北秦岭厚皮叠瓦逆冲带，现今处于以岩石圈叠置加厚的构造作用为主与拆沉作用初始发动并存状态；南秦岭正在经历拆沉-底侵的物质再循环作用，佛坪和南阳-邓县之间可能发育新的地幔柱；在造山带北、南深部边界与内部不同岩石圈块体之间还伴随不同性质的强烈走滑作用，导致物质的侧向传输。结论 秦岭造山带现今深部动力学状态直接制约着今后大地构造、气候和地表过程的动态相互作用，潜在地影响着人类社会、经济的可持续发展。     

分形块体理论及其在三峡高边坡工程中的应用

把分形几何与块体理论相结合提出了分形块体理论，建立了分形块体赤平解析法，并将其应用于三峡永久船闸高边坡稳定性分析中，初步结果表明；分形体理论符合工程实际，是分析裂隙岩体工程稳定性行之有效且可靠的方法，。相信在三峡高边坡岩体稳定分析中将具有很好的应用前景。     

Holocene volcanic rocks in Jingbo Lake region ? Diversity of magmatism

During the time from 5500 a to 5200 a BP more than 10 Holocene volcanoes in Jingbo Lake region erupted and the volcanic rocks covered an area of about 500 km2. Holocene volcanic rocks in Jingbo Lake region belong to the potassium?rich rocks and contain three rock types: trachybasalts, basanites and phonotephrites. Various types of magmatism formed in a small area and in a short period of time came from partial melting of potassically?metasomatised lithospheric mantle. The diversity of magmatism can be explained by that Jingbo Lake is situated in the back?arc extensional region of East Asian continent subducted by the Pacific Ocean, and potassic fluid derived from mantle wedge or dehydration of subducted slab can result in a high heterogeneity of the mantle beneath this region. Based on the pressure estimation of clinopyroxene megacrysts, we estimate that phonotephrite magma fractionally crystallize at ca. 52?54 km down the earth.     

Variations in carbon isotopic composition in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Yangtze and North China Cratons: Evidence from in-situ analysis of diamonds using SIMS

The components and evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton is a current topic in the geological study of China and the carbon isotopic composition of diamond is one of the most direct probes into cratonic lithospheric mantle processes.In this paper,in-situ SIMS(Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) techniques were used to analyze the carbon isotope compositions at different internal growth zones of diamonds from Shandong and Liaoning in the North China Craton and Hunan in the Yangtze Craton.It was found that the carbon isotopic range of diamonds from the North China Craton are rather distinct from those of the Yangtze Craton;the former has a range of 6.0‰ to 2.0‰(relative to VPDB) with an average value of 3.0‰ in their core areas,which is consistent with global peridotitic diamonds;the diamonds from the Yangtze Craton,however,have a carbon isotopic range from 8.6‰ to 3.0‰ with an average value of 7.4‰ in their core areas,being more consistent with global eclogitic diamonds.The variations of carbon isotope ratios between different internal growth zones in individual diamonds were different in the three diamond localities studied.There was a clear correlation between changes in carbon isotopic composition and phases of diamond dissolution and new growth,while no correlation was observed between δ13C and internal inclusions.The variations suggest that the carbon isotopic compositions of mantle fluids were changing during the process of diamond crystallization,and that the heterogeneity of the carbon isotopic composition in mantle carbon reservoirs was a more important factor than carbon isotope fractionation in controlling the carbon isotopic compositions and their variation in diamonds.In addition,the preliminary results of in-situ nitrogen analyses demonstrated that the variation of carbon isotopic compositions between the core and outer growth zones does not correlate with nitrogen abundances,implying either that diamonds crystallized in an open environment or that the carbon isotopic composition and nitrogen contents in mantle fluids were controlled by other,not yet understood factors.The experimental results provide hints that the isotopic composition of carbon and its original sources were different in metasomatic fluids controlling diamond formation in the mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton.