鲍鱼内脏β-葡萄糖苷酶中试规模制备研究

采用胶体磨匀浆、高速管式离心、陶瓷复合膜过滤、超滤、DEAE-琼脂糖离子交换层析和CM-琼脂糖离子交换层析的中试制备工艺,从鲍鱼内脏中分离纯化得到β-葡萄糖苷酶.研究发现:胶体磨匀浆所得匀浆液总酶活为12 174.21 U,比活力为0.158 U·mg~(-1);高速管式离心两次后得到粗酶液,酶比活力为0.247 U·mg~(-1);陶瓷复合膜过滤后所得清液的酶比活力为0.133 U·mg~(-1);超滤浓缩脱盐后所得浓缩液的酶比活力为0.249U·mg~(-1);DEAE-琼脂糖阴离子交换层析洗脱缓冲液的最佳pH值为7.5,CM-琼脂糖阳离子交换层析洗脱缓冲液的最佳pH值为6.0;DEAE-琼脂糖阴离子交换层析后收集酶活性组分的酶比活力为0.492 U·mg~(-1),CM-琼脂糖阳离子交换层析收集酶活性组分的酶比活力为1.709 U·mg~(-1),纯化倍数为10.78,收率为5.0%.     

枸杞果实铜,锌超氧物歧化酶的纯化及其性质的研究

枸杞果实粗提液中具有Mn-SOD、Fe-SOD和Cu·Zn-SOD三种类型。经氯仿-乙醇处理、丙酮分级沉淀、sepbadex G-100凝胶过滤和DEAE-纤维素柱层析纯化,获得对CN~-敏感的Cu·Zn-SOD。在凝胶电泳染色图谱上,DEAE-纤维素柱层析纯化,获得对CN~-敏感的Cu·Zn-SOD。在凝胶电泳染色图谱上,DEAE-纤堆素柱线性梯度洗脱下来的两个活性组分与酶粗提液同工酶谱上两条Cu·Zn-SOD主区带分别相对应,而且酶活性染色带与蛋白染色带位置对应,说明上述活性组分都已纯化到均一的程度。该酶分子量约为33900道尔顿,亚基分子量约为16700道尔顿。酶的两个活性组分在紫外光区的吸收曲线略有差异,但吸收峰都在255nm。该酶在55℃的温度范围内对热稳定。纯化后的酶平均为4436units/mg protein,纯化了177.6倍,活力回收为12.3%。上述酶没有过氧化氢酶活性。     

用渗透压冲击法提取青霉素酰化酶

采用渗透压冲击法提取青霉素酰化酶 ,粗酶液比活达8.20×10-8 mol/(s·mg) ,比超声波法高10倍以上 ,酶活总收率达93.3 %。     

人源EC-SOD在毕赤酵母中的构建与表达

利用基因工程技术构建表达载体并电转化至毕赤酵母中,成功实现人源EC-SOD在毕赤酵母X33中的表达.重组蛋白经盐酸羟胺法测得25 mL摇瓶发酵液上清酶活为508 U·mg~(-1),5 L发酵液上清酶活为909U·mg~(-1).发酵液上清用硫酸铵沉降后,使用DEAE弱阴离子交换树脂初步分离纯化出较纯的EC-SOD,测得比活为1 700 U·mg~(-1),并进行氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)活性定性染色.结果表明,毕赤酵母成功胞外表达具有一定活性的SOD蛋白.     

密孔菌固态发酵农业废弃物产漆酶活性的研究

分别以玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和杨树木屑为原料,研究了一株密孔菌在发酵不同农业废弃物时漆酶的活性.结果表明,农业废弃物对密孔菌产漆酶具有良好的诱导效果,且以玉米秸秆的效果最佳,漆酶酶活可达40.92 U·mg~(-1).Cu~(2+)的存在或浓度变化显著影响密孔菌产酶,当添加0.02%Cu~(2+)时,菌株在小麦秸秆和木屑培养基上产酶活分别达到41.24 U·mg~(-1)和57.13 U·mg~(-1);当Cu~(2+)浓度为0.04%时,菌株在玉米秸秆培养基上分泌漆酶酶活达到峰值94.92 U·mg~(-1).p H值对密孔菌产漆酶有明显影响,在中酸性环境中菌株产漆酶酶活较高.菌株在小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆培养基上发酵产酶的最适温度较高,分别为35℃和40℃,且在整个发酵周期能维持较高较稳定的酶活水平.因此,密孔菌有很好产漆酶和降解农作物秸秆的能力,可用于农作物秸秆处理.     

蔬菜超氧物歧化酶活性比较及其某些性质研究

釆用NBT光化还原法对十五种春季蔬莱进行SOD活性测定,结果表明,春季蔬菜中富含SOD,其中豌豆藤中SOD活性最高,达472活性单位/克鲜重,韭菜、荠菜、香椿、莴苣叶、枸杞苗中所含SOD活性也都赶过200活性单位/克鲜重。这十五种蔬菜中至少有十种不同的SOD同工酶,其中3种同工酶在多数蔬菜中出现。荠菜SOD粗提液含Cu·Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD两种类型,而蒜花仅含Cu·Zn-SOD,这两种SOD都具有较高的热稳定性,蒜花尤甚。     

响应面法优化章鱼内脏酸性蛋白酶提取条件

首先,以章鱼内脏为原料,通过单因素实验,分析pH值、温度、料液比、抽提时间对提取粗酶液中酸性蛋白酶活性的影响.然后,通过响应面法优化,得到多项式拟合回归方程,并对酶活的预测值和实测值进行验证.最后,测定粗酶液中蛋白酶的种类和活性.结果表明:酸性蛋白酶的最优抽提条件为pH值5.0、温度30 ℃、时间2.5 h、料液比1∶5,由此得到的粗酶液酶活为917.2 nkat·g^-1,对应比活为28.5 nkat·mg^-1;响应面回归方程计算的预测值与实际值位于误差范围内,说明该方程具有预测作用;粗酶液中,蛋白酶大部分为酸性蛋白酶,占总蛋白酶76.0%.     

海洋烟曲霉菌代谢活性物质的萃取

以海洋烟曲霉菌为出发菌,在适宜的发酵条件下进行培养,提取代谢产物并检测其对白色念珠菌抑菌性.分别以硫酸铵、石油醚、乙酸乙酯为萃取剂,研究硫酸铵质量分数和有机溶剂的pH值对海洋烟曲霉菌代谢活性物质萃取效果的影响.结果表明,粗酶液的适宜萃取条件:萃取剂为石油醚,pH值为6,粗酶液与有机溶剂的体积比为1∶1.采用质量分数为70%的硫酸铵沉淀,萃取活性物质的酶活性最大为16.0μkat.L-1,比原粗酶液的酶活(7.9μkat.L-1)提高1倍;而采用石油醚为萃取剂,所萃取活性物质的酶活性最大为20.5μkat.L-1,比原粗酶液的酶活提高2.58倍,且抑菌性能最好,抑菌率达60%左右.     

南、北山楂提取液分别对人体内源淀粉酶作用研究

通过测定淀粉酶与山楂提取液反应后的酶活,分别探讨南、北山楂是否可以通过提高淀粉酶的活性来达到帮助消化的效果。在不同温度(30、60、80℃)下分别制备南、北山楂浸提液后,模拟人体肠道环境,分别考察在不同的反应温度(25、37、45℃)、不同的pH值(6.5、6.8)和离子条件(C₂O2-₄、Zn²⁺)下,南、北山楂水提液对淀粉酶活性的影响。结果发现,在所考察的反应温度范围内和pH值条件下,南、北山楂水提液在一定程度上均可以提高淀粉酶活性。其中,温度37℃、pH值为6.5的条件下,60℃制备的北山楂水提液对淀粉酶活性的促进作用最强,C₂O2-₄对淀粉酶与北山楂反应的影响呈现促进作用,而Zn²⁺对淀粉酶与南、北山楂的反应均表现为抑制作用。     

高原农作物豌豆SOD的纯化及抗氧化研究

对豌豆进行SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)酶液的提取,采用蛋白浓度的测定、酶活力的测定、计算纯化倍数,豌豆粗酶液对DPPH·的EC50(半数抑制浓度)为55.16mg/L,清除率低于同浓度的Vc和茶多酚、柠檬酸,Vc与粗酶液均有协同效应,相对而言,Vc的增效优于柠檬酸,豌豆粗酶液与酶液都有一定清除DPPH·(二苯代苦味酰基自由基)的能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.