醋酸纤维素/聚丙烯复合膜固定化脂肪酶的研究

以醋酸纤维素/聚丙烯复合膜为载体对脂肪酶进行吸附固定,研究了不同条件对固定化脂肪酶活性的影响,得到了最佳固定化条件:酶浓度0.020 g/mL,温度20℃,pH8.0,振荡速度100 r/min,吸附时间2 h,膜酶活力最高为4.5 U/cm2;膜酶转化反应最佳条件:最适温度35℃,比游离酶降低了5℃;最适pH 8.5,与游离酶相比pH向碱性偏移,固定化脂肪酶间歇水解橄榄油132 h酶活力为原酶活力的56.7%.     

产物作溶剂体系固定化酶催化合成棕榈酸异辛酯

以产物作为溶剂,采用固定化脂肪酶催化合成棕榈酸异辛酯。考察了溶剂用量、底物用量比、水含量、水活度对反应的影响以及固定化酶的使用寿命。研究结果表明,最适溶剂量为每g棕榈酸3 mL棕榈酸异辛酯,最适醇酸物质的量比为1.3∶1;同时体系中水含量越高反应转化率越低,使用MgC l2饱和盐溶液可将反应体系的水活度控制在0.33左右,可使反应转化率增加20%左右。以1 g棕榈酸、0.67 g异辛醇、0.12 g固定化脂肪酶和3 mL棕榈酸异辛酯组成的反应系统在40℃条件下敞口反应24 h,酯化率可达97.5%,固定化酶连续反应30批后酯化率仍能达到95%以上。     

固定化脂肪酶的动力学研究

以壳聚糖为载体,用物理吸附固定化脂肪酶,对影响固定化过程的各种因素进行了考察,确定了最优条件,并比较了游离酶和固定化酶的最适温度、pH、酶的热稳定性以及表观Km。固定化酶水解的最适pH(pH7．0)稍低于游离酶(pH8．0),最适温度为50℃(游离酶为40℃)。固定化酶在50℃的半衰期(0．96h)是游离酶(0．32h)的3倍,在4℃的冰箱中贮存3个月活力变化很小。     

离子交换树脂固定接枝脂肪酶

 酶法是制取生物柴油的一种新型方法,而酶的重复利用率直接影响该法的运行成本.本文采用吸附法将碱性脂肪酶L4固定在4种不同树脂上,对比了利用不同树脂和在不同酶液浓度条件下的固定化效果,然后采用吸附-交联法将脂肪酶固定在树脂DK110上,考查交联方式和交联剂浓度对酶固定化的影响以及固定化酶的重复使用稳定性.结果表明：大孔型离子交换树脂DK110的固定化效果最好,酶液浓度对脂肪酶固定化影响显著.交联方式对固定化效果有显著影响,酶液先与戊二醛混合后加入树脂载体(JL1)所获得的酶活最大(340U/g),酶液、戊二醛与树脂载体同时混合(JL2)重复使用稳定性最好.该研究为固定酶法制取生物柴油奠定了基础.     

大孔疏水载体的制备及其在脂肪酶固定化中的应用

以苯乙烯(St)为功能单体,二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂,采用固液联合致孔的方式,制备了疏水多孔载体。将多孔载体用于脂肪酶Candida sp.99-125的固定化,得780U/g的固定化活力。固定化使酶在30～50℃范围内热稳定性得到了明显的提高,最适反应温度提高了5℃,在pH6.0～9.0范围内酶的相对活力有所提高,最适pH不变仍为8.0。固定化酶单次催化油酸和十六醇的酯化率达98%,其操作稳定性好,连续间歇操作15批,酯化率仍可达到50%。     

固定化假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶催化合成甘油二酯

对无溶剂体系中自制固定化假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶催化油酸、甘油合成甘油二酯过程进行了研究，比较了自制固定化酶与商业酶在催化该反应上的不同，发现自然挥发脱水比真空脱水更适合自制固定化酶催化合成甘油二酯。对反应条件的研究表明：底物摩尔比2∶1，反应温度50℃，酶量0.6g/5.65g，自然挥发脱水条件下油酸酯化率可达92.64%，甘油二酯含量可66.16%。     

硅 藻 土 固 定 化 脂 肪 酶

采用硅藻土作为载体, 对脂肪酶进行固定化, 研究了固定化条件对固定化脂肪酶 的催化活性以及硅藻土吸附脂肪酶量的影响. 得到最适的固定化反应条件： 温度为30~35 ℃; pH值为7.7; 缓冲液离子浓度在0.01~0.03 mol/L之间; 载体与脂肪酶的质量比为 8∶1.     

超声波辐射对酶法制备生物柴油的影响

以玉米油、乙醇和Novozym435脂肪酶为主要原料,研究了不同因素及超声辐射对酶法制备生物柴油的影响,并与静态和摇床作用进行了比较．结果表明,随着乙醇量、反应温度及溶剂石油醚加入量的增大,生物柴油的产率均先增大后降低,随着酶添加量增大、反应时间的延长,生物柴油产率相应增大．适宜的反应条件:玉米油与乙醇摩尔比1∶1、反应温度50℃、酶添加量10%、溶剂加入量(mL)与玉米油质量(g)比为1∶1、声酶法合成反应时间3h．在相同反应温度下,超声波辐射使生物柴油产率比静态条件下的产率提高了27%～32%,比摇床作用下的产率提高了9%～12%．超声波作用没有改变酶的最适反应温度．     

表面活性剂改性膨润土固定化脂肪酶的初步研究

表面活性剂改性载体影响酶的催化活性,为此,考察了复合表面活性剂改性膨润土对固定化酶特性的影响,以阳—阳离子表面活性剂、阳—阴离子表面活性剂、阳—非离子表面活性剂分别对钠基膨润土(Na-Bent)进行改性,通过吸附法对褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶(Candida rugosa lipase,CRL)进行固定化,制备复合表面活性剂改性膨润土固定化酶。以橄榄油水解反应表征酶活性,对比不同的复合离子表面活性剂改性膨润土固定化CRL酶的结果发现,由十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和曲拉通100(TX100)复合离子表面活性剂改性膨润土制备的固定化酶(CTAB/TX100-Bent-CRL)的比活回收率可达到292. 8%,相较于游离酶CRL,其催化活性得到改善。催化特性研究表明:CTAB/TX100-Bent-CRL的最适反应温度和p H值分别为40℃和7. 0,与游离酶ORL相比,固定化酶的耐受性和储藏稳定性均得到改善,在温度为20℃～60℃、p H 5. 0～9. 0范围内均能发挥较好的催化性能。在温度为60℃的反应条件下,CTAB/TX100-Bent-CRL仍能保持最适温度条件下活力的89. 0%。在4℃下储藏15 d后,固定化酶仍能保持初始活力的59. 7%,而Na-Bent-CRL和游离酶CRL的残留活力分别为45. 7%和33. 3%。     

磁性复合微球固定化脂肪酶的研究

用壳聚糖和二氧化硅共同包裹Fe3O4纳米粒子制得磁性高分子微球,并以此为载体,以戊二醛为交联剂固定化脂肪酶,探讨了固定化过程中戊二醛浓度、固定化时间、固定化pH对固定化酶活力的影响.结果表明,固定化脂肪酶的最佳条件:时间为10h,pH为7.5,戊二醛的浓度为8％.同时还对固定化酶与游离酶的最适温度和最适pH作了测定,固定化酶的最适温度为50℃,比游离酶的最适温度为40℃,提高了10℃;固定化酶的最适pH为7.0,与游离酶的最适pH7.5相比,向酸性偏移了0.5.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.