微波辐射下干介质中酰氨基硫脲及其关环产物合成的研究

本文用苯乙酰肼与苯基异硫氰酸酯在微波辐射下以氧化铝为介质进行反应,合成１－苯乙酰基－４－苯基氨基硫脲;然后分别将其在冰醛酸、醋酸汞存在下关环,制得２－苯甲基－５－苯胺基－１,３,４－噻二唑与２－苯甲基－５－苯胺基－１,３,４恶二唑。     

三聚氯氰存在下的（2－环己酮基）－β－丙酸与（R）－四氢噻唑－2－硫酮－4－羧酸酯反应

在三聚氯氰存在下，（２－环己酮基）－β－丙酸与（Ｒ）－四氢噻唑－２－硫酮－４－羧酸酯（甲酯、乙酯、正丁酯、正戊酯）反应，得到相应的Ｎ－（２－环己酮基）－β－丙酰－（Ｒ）－四氢噻唑－２－硫酮－４－羧酸酯１（ａ～ｄ），［α］＿Ｄ￣（２０）分别为－５０．３°，－５０．９°，－５０．０°，－７８．１°．１（ａ～ｃ）与Ｒ，Ｓ－α－苯乙胺反应得到了光学活性的Ｎ－（２－环己酮基）－β－丙酰－α－苯乙胺及Ｒ过量的α－苯乙胺．     

二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸萃取镓(Ⅲ)的机理

研究了二－（２－乙基己基）磷酸（ＨＡ）－甲苯从氯化物介质中萃取镓（Ⅲ）的平衡．发现体系中同时存在两种萃取平衡，生成ＧａＣｌＡ２２ＨＡ和ＧａＡ３３ＨＡ两种萃合物．求得了不同温度下两平行反应的平衡常数，测得了各反应的热焓；同时实验证明二－（２－乙基己基）亚砜（ＤＥＨＳＯ）、磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）、三苯基氧膦（ＴＰＰＯ）对ＨＤＥＨＰ萃取镓（Ⅲ）无明显的协同作用．     

2－硝基甲基噻唑－4－羧酸乙酯的合成及与丙烯酰胺的缩合

２－溴代甲基噻唑－４－羧酸乙酯（Ⅱ）用ＮａＮＯ２或ＡｇＮＯ２硝化，得到２－硝基甲基噻唑－４－羧酸乙酯（Ⅲ）．发现Ⅲ在ＤＭＳＯ中以酸式异构体存在，在ＣＤＣｌ３中以假酸式存在．在Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ加成条件下，（Ⅲ）与丙烯酰胺缩合，没有得到预期的产物２－〔３′（３′－硝基丙酰胺）〕噻唑－４－羧酸乙酯（Ⅳ）而是得到相当于１，３－偶极加成产物，２－〔３′（５′－酰胺基二氢异口恶唑基）〕噻唑－４－羧酸乙酯（Ⅴ）．讨论它的形成机理     

芳酰氨基硫脲及其相关杂环衍生物的研究2-芳酰氨基-5-(β-吗啉乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑化合物的合成

制得１０种１－（β－吗啉丙酰基）－４－芳酰氨基硫脲１ａ～ｊ;在酸催化下,化合物１ａ～ｊ环化为２－芳酰氨基－５－（β－吗啉乙基）－１,３,４－噻二唑化合物２ａ～ｊ,文中还观察了代表化合物１ｄ,１ｇ在碱催化下的环化行为．化合物结构经元素分析,ＩＲ,１ＨＮＭＲ及ＭＳ方法确认     

Ebselen 抑制 ONOO~- 对神经元[Ca~(2+)]_i 的影响

Ｆｕｒａ－２显微荧光测钙技术研究发现,过氧亚硝基阴离子（ＯＮＯＯ－）作用于ＭＮ９Ｄ细胞,数ｓ内即可导致其胞内游离钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的急剧升高．胞外液换为无钙液或向胞外液中加入硝苯吡啶（Ｎｉｆｅｄｉｐ－ｉｎｅ）、二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）均可抑制ＯＮＯＯ－对［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的影响,提示Ｌ－型钙通道的激活是ＯＮＯＯ－引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高的主要原因,ＯＮＯＯ－的这种作用可能与其氧化特性有关．Ｅｂｓｅｌｅｎ（２－苯基－１,２－苯并异硒唑－３（２Ｈ）酮）明显抑制ＯＮＯＯ－对［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的影响,并且存在一定的剂量效应关系．     

具有生物活性的吡唑啉衍生物的合成

通过１,３－二芳基－２－（１Ｈ－１,２,４－三唑－１－基）－２－丙烯－１－酮或１,３－二芳基－２－（１Ｈ－咪唑－１－基）－２－丙烯－１－酮与芳香肼的关环反应,合成了２０个吡唑啉新化合物,其结构经１ＨＮＭＲ和元素分析确证,并探讨了该反应的条件．结果表明：该反应在醋酸介质中得到的产物为顺、反异构混合体,其中顺式异构体略多于反式异构体;在三乙胺／乙醇体系中则具有很高的立体选择性,仅得到反式异构体．初步的生测结果表明,其中几种化合物对棉花立枯和苹果轮纹病具有明显的抑菌活性,个别化合物对子叶生根表现出很强的刺激作用．     

2—硝基甲基噻唑4—羧酸乙酯的合成及与丙烯酰胺的缩合

２－溴代甲基噻唑－４－羧酸乙酸（Ⅱ）用ＮａＮＯ２或ＡｇＮＯ２硝化，得到２－硝基在噻唑－４－羧酸乙酯（Ⅲ），发现Ⅲ在ＤＭＳＯ中以酸式异构存在，在ＣＤＣｌ３中以假酸式存在，在Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ加成条件下，（Ⅲ）与丙烯酰胺缩合，没有得到预期的产物２－「３’ｄ（３’－硝基丙酰胺）噻唑－４－羧酸乙酯（Ⅳ）而是得到相当于１，３－偶极加成产物，２－「３’５’－酰胺基二氢异恶唑基）」噻唑－４－羟酸乙酸（Ⅴ），讨论了砣     

N－（4－乙酰基戊酰）－四氢噻唑－2－硫酮的合成及其酰胺化反应

在碘化Ｎ－甲基－２－氯吡啶盐存在下，将４－乙酰基戊酸与四氢噻唑－２－硫酮反应，可获得Ｎ－（４－乙酰基戊酰）．四氢噻唑－２－硫酮，产率５３．８％。将产物Ｉ分别与环己胺、二乙胺、α－苯乙胺进行胺解，得到相应的４－乙酰基酰胺衍生物Ⅱ＿（ａ－ｃ），产率８５％～９４％。     

对甲苯基双(4,4-二甲基-6-羟基环己烯-1-酮-2基)甲烷的合成

对甲苯基双（４,４－二甲基－６－羟基环己烯－１－酮－２基）甲烷由对甲苯甲醛与５,５－二甲基－１,３－环己二酮在Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺中反应而得．通过单晶Ｘ射线衍射法确定其晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群Ｐ２１／ａ,ａ＝０．９３０４（２）ｎｍ,ｂ＝１．１７５４（２）ｎｍ,ｃ＝２．０１３４（４）ｎｍ,β＝１０２．４０（２）°,Ｍｒ＝３８２．５０,Ｖ＝２．１５０５（７）ｎｍ３,Ｄｃ＝１．１８１ｇ／ｃｍ３,Ｚ＝４,μ（ＭｏＫα）＝０．７９ｃｍ－１,Ｆ（０００）＝８５６．晶体结构用直接法解出,使用全矩阵最小二乘法对原子参数进行修正,最后的偏离因子为Ｒ＝０．０４２,ＲＷ＝０．０４５．在晶体结构中,存在两个共轭的烯醇式结构．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.