磁场作用下取向硅钢薄带的再结晶织构

对由成品取向硅钢片经对称和非对称轧制获得的薄带进行普通与磁场退火,考察了磁场及非对称轧制对取向硅钢薄带初次再结晶织构的影响·发现磁场退火显著增加对称轧制薄带的再结晶Goss织构组分,减少非对称轧制薄带的Goss织构组分;非对称轧制在普通退火时增加Goss织构组分,而在磁场退火时使之明显减少·磁场的作用可以通过磁晶各向异性能和磁有序对晶界迁移的影响来解释·     

3004铝合金再结晶织构及其显微组织

应用取向分布函数(ODF)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了3004铝合金再结晶织构及其显微组织·结果表明:在退火样品中存在较强的再结晶U({001}〈100〉)立方织构,且该织构随退火温度的升高而增强,在350℃和450℃时强度级别分别达8级和12级,再结晶R/S({124}〈211〉)织构、S({123}〈634〉)和C({112}〈111〉)织构组分强度较低·TEM形貌像表明:经250℃,120min退火后,样品中回复过程已基本完成;在300℃以上退火时,随着退火温度的升高,再结晶晶粒不断长大,第二相粒子继续析出,弥散地分布于晶粒内的亚晶界上,并被位错所包围,在再结晶过程中起到了促进形核的作用·     

考虑粒子阻碍效应的再结晶元胞自动机模型

为了更合理地仿真第二相粒子材料的再结晶过程,在单相材料再结晶元胞自动机模型中引入Zener亚晶长大阻力和小粒子钉扎晶界的元胞取向转换规则,创建了细小的第二相粒子材料的再结晶元胞自动机模型,实现了铁素体钢板的再结晶退火过程仿真.结果表明:所建模型全面考虑了变温-回复、晶粒变形储能不均、亚晶异常长大形核机制和小粒子阻碍效应的综合影响,模拟的组织演变及其动力学分析揭示了与理论和实际相符的规律:小粒子尺寸越小、数量越多,再结晶抑制效应越强,再结晶的孕育期及过程越长.     

表面纳米化对高锰钢磨料磨损性能的影响

利用传统的喷丸技术，在高锰钢表面制备出了具有纳米晶结构特征的表层，并利用X射线衍射仪及高分辨透射电子显微镜表征了表面纳米晶的微观组织结构特征．喷丸处理试样的表层晶粒细化至纳米量级，喷丸60min试样的表面晶粒尺寸约为3～8nm．随着喷丸处理时间的增加，试样表面硬度增加，晶粒尺寸减小．利用三体磨料磨损试验机检验了喷丸处理前、后试样的磨料磨损性能，结果表明：喷丸时间为2～30min时，试样的耐磨性随着喷丸时间的增加而增加；喷丸30min试样的耐磨性提高了72％；过长的喷丸时间导致试样产生微裂纹而使耐磨性下降．晶粒细化和硬度提高使磨损机理发生改变，未喷丸处理试样的磨损主要为微观切削，而喷丸处理试样的磨损主要为疲劳剥落，磨损机理的改变使材料的耐磨性提高．     

喷丸及退火处理对1Cr18Ni9Ti合金抗高温氧化性能的影响

研究了经过喷丸处理及400℃退火处理的1Cr18Ni9Ti合金试样在900℃空气中的循环氧化性能。经SEM,EDS分析及氧化动力学研究发现:喷丸处理虽然促进了铬的选择性氧化,但却使合金表面的压应力增大,所形成的氧化膜的抗剥落性能也不好;退火处理不仅使喷丸试样表面的应力得以消除,并且起到了低温预氧化的作用。经过退火处理的合金表面形成了附着性良好的选择性氧化铬膜,其氧化增重与氧化膜剥落量下降,起到了很好的保护作用,提高了合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

大压下率冷轧无取向硅钢再结晶织构演变

研究了冷轧95%变形量无取向硅钢不同退火温度(710~1050℃)下再结晶织构特征.再结晶刚完成时(710℃退火),呈现强γ(｛111~)与弱｛114｝织构特征;随退火温度升高至900℃,γ明显减弱,｛114｝组分持续增强,形成典型的｛h,1,1｝织构;进一步升温至1050℃,再结晶织构不再发生明显变化.基于EBSD分析,｛114｝组分的持续强化可归因于其明显的尺寸优势以及较高频率的高能晶界(取向差角为20°~45°).     

磁场退火对无取向硅钢再结晶织构和组织的影响

为了研究磁场退火对金属材料的再结晶织构和晶粒尺寸的影响,对冷轧无取向硅钢薄板进行了普通退火以及0.1,6和12 T下的磁场退火,磁场沿轧向施加.研究表明,磁场退火显著影响再结晶织构的取向密度和晶粒尺寸,且与磁感应强度成非线性关系.磁场退火增强有利的η(〈001〉∥RD)和{100}织构,减弱不利的γ(〈111〉∥ND)织构,该效应在6 T磁场下较显著;再结晶晶粒尺寸在6 T磁场退火时较大,普通及12T磁场退火时居中,0.1 T磁场退火时较小.从磁场降低晶界可动性和提供与取向相关的附加晶界迁移驱动力的角度,分析了磁场作用机制.     

喷丸强化对40#车轴钢静态拉伸及疲劳寿命的影响

通过对喷丸工艺处理后的４０＃ 车轴钢静态拉伸和疲劳寿命的测定,对试验结果进行了分析,找出了因喷丸产生的压应力距表面深度的变化曲线,通过成组的对比性试验后发现喷丸强化作用在初期效果显著,当裂纹穿过了喷丸强化层后,其强化作用就逐渐减弱直至消失。     

变形量对Cu-Ni-Si合金再结晶行为的影响

对经过二级变形时效处理后的Cu-Ni-Si合金进行不同变形量的冷变形后,再进行退火处理,研究了变形量对合金抗软化性、再结晶组织和再结晶动力学行为的影响。研究结果表明:再结晶晶粒在晶界处形成,大的变形量能够提高再结晶的形核速率。经40%变形的合金的软化温度为470℃,再结晶温度在550℃左右;在400℃退火时,合金发生再结晶的激活能为162 kJ/mol。再结晶的激活能随变形量的增加而降低,当变形量由40%增至80%时,再结晶激活能由162 kJ/mol降至140 kJ/mol。     

中温含铜取向硅钢的形变和再结晶织构特征

通过对比中温含铜取向硅钢与普通取向硅钢和高磁感取向硅钢的组织和织构特征,分析中温含铜取向硅钢独特的织构演变规律及其对二次再结晶行为的影响。结果表明,为了获得有利于高斯晶粒长大的强γ取向线织构,中温含铜钢需经过回复退火处理和高温退火阶段慢速升温。回复过程中γ取向线晶粒储能降低,同时慢速升温有利于γ取向线晶粒的形核和再结晶。中温含铜钢的二次再结晶开始温度超过1000益,由于初次再结晶晶粒组织以γ织构为主且非γ取向线晶粒较少,导致最终二次晶粒尺寸超大且晶界圆滑,二次再结晶机理以择优长大为主导,超大的二次晶粒尺寸导致最终成品的铁损升高,但通过激光刻痕处理后,整体铁损的降低效果比二次晶粒较小的高磁感取向硅钢更加显著。     

An online self-adapting control approach for bell annealers

A suit of online self-adapting control (OSAC) approach has been developed to predict and optimize annealing craft system. The approach consists of three critical parts including prediction module, self-adapting optimization module, and self-learning amendment module. Firstly, the prediction module and self-adapting optimization module are based on the modeling methods. The self-adapting optimization module consists of two parts including “reappearance of annealed process” and “optimization of subsequent annealing process”. Secondly, the self-learning amendment module, based on furnace atmosphere, equipment performance, and compensation coefficients, is designed to improve the accuracy of optimization results. The results obtained from the proposed approach, usually finished in about 3 min, are in good agreement with the test values, such as the deviation of temperature for hot-spot and cold-spot are within 10 K, the relative errors are within 1.1%, and the accuracy of annealing for heating period is increased by using self-learning amendment module.     

Inhomogeneous deformation and recrystallization behavior of through-thickness tantalum sheet under one-cycle clock-rolling

Effects of low clock rolling passes on through-thickness deformation and recrystallization behavior of the Ta sheet have been investigated. The clock-rolled samples with one cycle (8 passes) were systematically examined under different thickness layers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XLPA) showed that the extremely inhomogeneous texture evolution generated and the bulk stored energy existed in the through-thickness clock-rolled Ta sheet after 8 passes. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results revealed the misorientation of the grains in the deformed samples, indicating that grain subdivision in the surface and center layer was more serious than that in the quarter layer. High intensities misorientation indicates the presence of microshear bands in the surface and center layer. During annealing, the difference of the stored energy and the fragmentation of deformation microstructure along the thickness led to a heterogeneous driving force for the nucleation of the grains, resulting in subsequent different recrystallization rate in the different regions of the sample.     

面心立方合金的表面层孪晶强化机制

本文利用透射电子显微分析和x射线内应力测定等方法研究了低层错能面心立方合金表面喷丸强化后组织结构变化与疲劳行为之间的关系。着重观察和分析了疲劳过程中强化层内亚结构和内应力的变化情况。结果表明:层错能很低的面心立方合金(不锈钢和α黄铜)经喷丸强化后,表层中存在大量显微变形孪晶;由孪晶构成的栅栏薄层不仅能使表层残余压应力在疲劳应力作用下维持稳定,而且能有效地防止疲劳裂纹在外表面形核,因此,栅栏强化效应是面心立方合金疲劳强度提高的主要原因。     

3003铝合金铸锭均匀化退火工艺及力学性能

为了节能减排,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能力学试验机等手段,研究分析了3003铝合金不同均匀化退火工艺后的组织演变及力学性能变化。结果表明:随均匀化退火温度的升高,对应的最佳工艺时间减少;620℃下退火5 h时的组织与610℃下退火7 h时基本相同,晶界处无偏析第二相粒子且晶内弥散分布第二相粒子;常温及高温瞬时拉伸时,620℃退火5 h的合金拉伸强度、延伸率均高于610℃退火7 h的。该研究通过升高退火温度、减少时间改善了3003合金铸锭均匀化退火工艺,最佳工艺为650℃下保温5 h。     

退火温度对含磷高强IF钢FeTiP析出行为的影响

通过模拟罩式退火过程,研究了含磷高强IF钢中FeTiP粒子在退火过程中的析出行为,利用透射电镜选区衍射并结合能谱分析,确定了FeTiP的晶体结构.结果表明:650℃退火试样中只含有少量FeTiP,随着退火温度的升高,FeTiP数量明显增加,其大量分布于晶内及晶界处,且晶界处析出物尺寸明显大于晶内析出物.当退火温度升高到800℃时,FeTiP完全溶解,因此在整个基体无法检测到FeTiP.FeTiP的溶解消除了其对再结晶的阻碍作用,最终获得高强度{111}取向再结晶组织,从而提高高强IF钢成形的性能.FeTiP具有斜方晶体结构,且析出物中Nb元素的存在(含Nb原子可表达为Fe(Ti,Nb)P)不会引起晶体结构的改变.     

静态再结晶处理对Co36Fe36Cr18Ni8Ti2合金力学性能与耐腐蚀性的影响

对冷变形后的Co₃₆Fe₃₆Cr₁₈Ni₈Ti₂合金在700 ℃和800 ℃下再结晶退火，制备成具有高强度及良好耐蚀性的多主元合金。采用电子背散射衍射（electron back-scattered diffraction, EBSD）表征了合金的相分布、再结晶组织以及晶界分布等微观结构特征，采用静态拉伸试验测试了合金的力学性能。结果表明，700 ℃退火的合金断后伸长率较低，但其抗拉强度与屈服强度分别达到了1 038和956 MPa。采用电化学工作站与扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）表征了合金在模拟体液中的耐蚀性。结果表明，700 ℃退火的样品具有较好的耐蚀性，腐蚀后的样品表面较为均匀。结合力学性能可知，700 ℃退火的样品具有作为新型医用金属材料的潜力。     

Beneficial clock-rolling cycles on the microstructure uniformity of {111} grains in tantalum sheets

Controlling the texture of tantalum sheets is of critical importance to fabricate good sputtering targets. In the present study two tantalum sheets were produced by clock rolling to 70% thickness reduction in 1 or 2 cycles. The results show that the stored energy and grain subdivision within the {111} grains {<111>//normal direction (ND)} after 1 cycle are significantly higher than those after 2 cycles, leading to fast recrystallization kinetics and strong {111} recrystallized texture upon annealing. Simulations with Taylor model indicate that shear strain occurred on more slip systems in the 2-cycle sample, which could explain the formation of cell blocks in {111} grains.     

Retrogression characteristics of a novel Al-Cu-Li-X alloy

Retrogression characteristics of a novel Al-Cu-Li-X alloy of 2A97 were studied by hardness testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The retrogression treatments of aging at 155℃ for 12 h followed by aging at 220 and 240℃ were chosen by determining the peak temperature of δ' precipitation at 230℃ by DSC. The retrogression treatment at a lower temperature of 220℃ causes the precipitation and coarsening of δ' and θ' phases in the matrix, resulting in an increase in hardness. Retrogression at a higher temperature of 240℃ causes the dissolution and coarsening of δ' and θ' precipitates in the matrix and on the grain boundaries, resulting in a decrease in hardness. Microstructural changes upon retrogression including the appearance of equilibrium precipitates such as T₁, T₂, δ', and θ are confirmed by the selected area electron diffraction and the bright and dark field image analysis.     

掺杂钨丝的再结晶

本文利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射技术研究了掺杂钨丝的微观组织变化,同时对不同温度下退火处理的样品进行了抗拉强度、显微硬度和室温内耗的测定。结果表明,掺杂钨丝退火时可分为三个阶段:回复、一次再结晶和二次再结晶。文中提出了亚晶聚合是一次再结晶的主要形核机制的观点。     

弹簧钢60Si2Mn脱碳表面的应力分析

弹簧钢60Si2Mn在热处理过程中会发生脱碳.由于脱碳会严重影响零件的使用性能,因此可采用喷丸的方法来提高零件的使用性能,喷丸在材料表面产生的残余应力是二维的.基于此,讨论了喷丸强化对脱碳表层的影响,利用X射线应力分析技术及Mises等效应力法,可测得弹簧钢60Si2Mn脱碳表层在喷丸前后的屈服强度.实验结果表明,喷丸试样的表面屈服强度比未喷丸试样的表面屈服强度有了很大的提高,这说明了喷丸可以改善脱碳零件的性能.