Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金加工图的构建及失稳分析

由含Zr的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在不同变形条件下进行热压缩得到的真应力-真应变曲线,计算合金的热变形本构方程.基于动态材料模型构建合金的加工图,并分析功率耗散系数的变化和失稳区的范围.研究结果表明:该合金在热变形时存在2个失稳区,即低温失稳区(温度300～360℃、应变速率0.05～1 s-1)和高温失稳区(温度400～460℃、应变速率0.005～1 s-1);在温度440～460℃,应变速率小于0.002 s-1的区域,最大功率耗散系数为0.52,该区域内的变形软化机制为动态再结晶.     

半连续铸造Al-15Si合金热压缩变形流变应力行为

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机进行高温等温压缩试验,研究了半连续铸造Al-15Si铝合金在变形温度为300~500℃,应变速率为0.001~5 s-1条件下的流变应力行为.结果表明,在试验温度范围内,此合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高,应变速率的降低而降低,说明该合金属于正应变速率敏感性材料;可采用Zener-Hollomon参数双曲正弦形式来描述Al-15Si合金高温塑性变形时的流变应力行为;σ解析表达式中材料常数A,α,n值分别为2.07×1012s-1,0.026 MPa-1,4.61,Al-15Si合金的平均热变形激活能Q为180.96 kJ/mol.     

一种新型Al-Cu-Li系合金的热压缩流变应力

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机高温等温压缩试验,研究了一种新型Al-Cu-Li系合金在应变速率为0.01～10s-1、变形温度为300～500℃条件下的流变应力特征.结果表明:流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随变形速率的提高而增大;采用Z参数的双曲正弦函数描述该合金高温变形的峰值流变应力,获得了峰值流变应力解析式,其热变形激活能为239.02kJ·mol-1.     

含Sc的Al-Cu-Li合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为和显微组织

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,在变形温度为380℃~500℃和应变速率为0.001~10 s-1的条件下对含钪铝锂合金的热变形行为进行了研究。结果表明:含钪铝锂合金流变应力随变形温度升高和应变速率的降低而减小。以实验为基础,利用作图法和线性回归方法求解得出各参数数值和流变峰值应力方程,利用该方程预测流变应力值与实验结果吻合较好;该合金在高温压缩变形中,在变形温度大于470℃和应变速率小于0.1 s-1时,合金发生了动态再结晶,且温度越高、应变速率越低,该合金越易发生动态再结晶。在380℃~470℃,0.1~10 s-1条件下,对该合金进行热变形加工较为适宜。     

Al-6Mg-0.4Mn-0.2Sc铝合金的高温变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机进行压缩实验,研究Al-6Mg-0.4Mn-0.2Sc铝合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.001～10 s-1范围内的变形行为.计算应力指数和变形激活能,并采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金高温塑性变形的本构关系.根据材料动态模型,计算并分析合金的加工图.研究结果表明:热变形过程中的稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构关系式来描述,平均激活能为158.92 kJ/mol,大于其自扩散激活能.根据加工图确定了热变形的流变失稳区,并且获得了热变形过程的最佳工艺参数,其热加工温度为430～480℃,应变速率为5～10s-1,温加工温度为320-400℃、应变速率为0.01～0.001 s-1.     

电热合金Cr20 Ni80的热变形行为及热加工图

为了解决Cr20 Ni80电热合金锻造开裂的问题,在Gleeb-1500D热模拟试验机上对该合金进行热压缩试验,研究变形温度为900~1220℃,应变速率为0.001~10 s-1条件下的热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型建立合金的热加工图.合金的真应力-真应变曲线呈现稳态流变特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;热变形过程中稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构方程来描述,其激活能为371.29 kJ·mol-1.根据热加工图确定了热变形流变失稳区及热变形过程的最佳工艺参数,其加工温度为1050~1200℃,应变速率为0.03~0.08 s-1.优化的热加工工艺在生产中得到验证.     

Ce元素对Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr合金组织与热变形行为的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机,对Mg-5.5Gd-4.5Y- 1Nd-xCe-1Zr(x=0和0.2％,质量分数)合金进行热压缩变形实验(实验温度为375～525℃,应变速率为0.01、0.1和1 s-1,最大变形量为50％),并对合金的塑性变形行为以及变形后的组织进行研究.研究结果表明:合金在变形温度为375℃、应变速率为0.01 s-1条件下开始发生动态再结晶;随着变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低,再结晶体积分数逐渐增加,再结晶晶粒粒径逐渐变大;添加Ce元素可提高再结晶体积分数,减小再结晶晶粒粒径;固溶过程中出现的“椭球状”Mg12Ce粒子对再结晶有粒子激发形核(PSN)作用;这2种合金在375～525℃下的变形表观激活能分别为191和212 kJ/mol.     

5083铝合金高温变形行为及加工图

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟机对5083铝合金进行高温等温压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300~500℃、应变速率为0.0l~10.0 s-1条件下的流变行为,建立合金高温变形的本构方程和加工图,采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析变形过程中合金的组织特征。研究结果表明:流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率增大而升高;当变形温度为400~500℃时,合金发生动态再结晶;5083铝合金的高温流变行为可用Zener-Hollomon参数描述,该合金在真应变为0.6时的加工图中存在2个失稳区域,其优选的加工条件是变形温度为420~500℃,应变速率为0.01~0.10 s-1。     

均匀化后冷却方式对7050铝合金热压缩流变行为的影响

利用GIeeble-1500热模拟机在变形温度为300-450℃、应变速率为0.001-1.0s-1的条件下,对均匀化后经快速水冷和慢速随炉冷却这2种不同冷却方式的7050铝合金样品进行高温等温压缩实验,研究该合金的热压缩变形流变行为.结果表明:合金流变应力不仅随变形温度的降低和应变速率的升高而增加,而且随均匀化后淬火冷却速度的增加而显著升高;均匀化后水淬样品中合金元素过饱和固溶于基体内,变形过程中第二相析出并明显粗化;快速水冷样品的热形变表观激活能为224.9 kJ/mol,而慢速随炉冷却样品的热形变表观激活能为144.6 kJ/mol;热压缩变形流变应力的差别随形变温度的升高而降低;在高温低应变速率下,应力-应变曲线出现锯齿形波动,呈不连续动态再结晶特征;7050铝合金高温塑性变形时的流变行为可用包含Arrhenius项参数Z的双曲正弦函数描述.     

Al-Fe-V-Si合金高温变形热模拟

采用Gleebe 1 5 0 0热模拟机 ,对喷射沉积Al Fe V Si合金在温度为 35 0～ 5 5 0℃、应变速率为1× 1 0 - 4 ～ 1× 1 0 - 2 s- 1 、最大变形程度为 5 0 %的条件下 ,进行高温压缩热模拟实验研究 .在实验基础上 ,分析了合金高温变形时的变形激活能和应力指数以及流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系 ,为确定该合金的挤压温度提供了实验依据 .实验结果表明 ,该材料具有较高的应力指数和变形激活能 ,而且在 480℃下具有较低的变形抗力 ,又能保证挤压后产品有较好的力学性能 ,因此 ,可以考虑将挤压温度定在 480℃左右为宜     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-