豆粕酶解及其品质改善研究

为充分利用豆粕资源,提高蛋白质消化率,减轻非淀粉多糖的抗营养作用,采用中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶4种酶制剂,以不同组合方式在自然p H值的条件下对豆粕进行酶解,逐一研究酶用量及酶解时间对豆粕品质的影响,并对p H值、蛋白质水解度、还原糖释放量和感官评价等指标进行综合分析。结果表明:添加30 U/g中性蛋白酶和50 U/g酸性蛋白酶水解48 h后,最大蛋白质水解度达到22. 7%;添加30 U/g中性蛋白酶、50 U/g酸性蛋白酶、50 U/g纤维素酶和50 U/g木聚糖酶48 h后,还原糖释放量达到最大值1. 91%。     

蛋白酶水解骨素的对比及其优化研究

选取木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶分别对骨素进行酶解,对比了几种酶解液的苦味和水解度.结果表明:风味蛋白酶最适合酶解骨蛋白,其水解产物鲜味明显,无明显苦味;木瓜蛋白酶水解骨蛋白效果最差,其水解产物苦味最为明显;中性蛋白酶水解效果介于风味蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶之间.风味蛋白酶水解骨蛋白的最佳酶解条件为:温度50℃,加酶量6 000 U/g底物蛋白,p H值为7.0,酶解时间2 h,料液比1∶5(g/m L),在此条件下其水解度可达34.80%.     

pH渐变条件下双酶协同水解大豆蛋白

研究了在没有外加碱的pH渐变条件下．用枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase 2．4L,酶活力2．4AU/g)和黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶(酶活力3000u／g)双酶协同水解从大豆蛋白制备寡肽(10个氨基酸以下的肽)水解物的可行性．考察了单酶单因素水解条件、双酶加入方式对大豆蛋白降解率和蛋白质水解度的影响,并在此基础上通过正交试验进一步优化出双酶一次性投料方案下水解大豆蛋白的最佳条件：水解温度为60℃．碱性蛋白酶加入量为每g蛋白15μL,酸性蛋白酶加入量为6％,底物浓度为40g／L,水解时间为18h．在上述最佳条件下,大豆蛋白的降解率可达76％,蛋白质的水解度可达26％,水解物中相对分子质量小于1350的寡肽达到了66％．结果表明,在不外加碱的条件下,采用双酶协同水解方法能够显著提高大豆蛋白降解率以及蛋白质水解度．     

鳕鱼皮复合肽的制备工艺研究

采用木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶构成的复合酶对鳕鱼皮蛋白进行水解,通过单因素和正交试验确定复合酶水解的最佳条件为：木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶复合比为3：1,加酶量为40 000 U/g,水解温度45℃,料液比为1：2,水解pH为6.5,水解时间为4.5 h。最佳条件下鳕鱼皮蛋白水解度可达22.45%。     

酶解法制备鱿鱼蛋白抗氧化肽工艺优化

以酶解液的还原力为抗氧化性指标,测定木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶7种蛋白酶的鱿鱼蛋白酶解液抗氧化性.实验结果表明7种蛋白酶在相同加入酶量(酶活力U/底物g)条件下,中性蛋白酶在酶解1 h、3 h、5 h所得的酶解液还原力均最高.以中性蛋白酶为实验用酶,进行三因素二次正交旋转组合实验优化出酶解法制备鱿鱼蛋白抗氧化肽的最佳酶解条件为酶加入量4 841 U/g、pH 5.3、酶解时间1.3 h.所得酶解液定性检测结果为具有抗氧化性的肽类混合物,有进一步开发应用价值.     

双酶联用水解豆奶蛋白

以大豆为原料,利用木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶单独和联用对豆奶进行水解,通过测定氨基氮的含量确定酶反应的最佳条件。单因素试验和正交试验分析的结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶联用水解豆奶蛋白比单独使用效果好,最佳水解条件为料液比1∶10,加入等比混合的6000 U/L木瓜蛋白酶和6000 U/L风味蛋白酶,酶解温度60℃,时间6 h,控制pH值7.0。在此条件下,豆奶中蛋白质的水解程度最高,水解液中氨基氮含量高,且水解物苦味减少。     

酶解鱿鱼蛋白的制备

探讨了中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、风味蛋白、酶菠萝蛋白酶以及复合蛋白酶对鱿鱼蛋白的酶解效果.实验结果表明,在相同水解条件下,复合酶对鱿鱼蛋白的水解效果优于单酶,确定了木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶为水解鱿鱼蛋白的适宜水解酶,两种酶量的比例为1:1,正交实验得出最佳水解条件为:温度50℃、pH7、时间8 h、加酶量6 000IU/g.     

复酶水解鹅血工艺条件的优化

研究了中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对鹅血液的水解作用,并分析了酶用量、温度、时间、pH值等因素对鹅血酶水解的影响。结果表明,双酶水解效果较好,确定了其最适宜的酶解条件：中性蛋白酶,酶底物浓度比（E／S）为4000U／g,pH值为7．0,温度为55℃,时间为5h;木瓜蛋白酶,酶底物浓度比（E／S）为6000U／g,pH值为7．5,温度为50℃,时间为4h。     

中国毛虾木瓜蛋白酶水解的工艺条件

以水解度和总氮回收率为指标,研究了单酶水解中国毛虾的工艺条件,分析了酶解温度、加酶量、料水比、酶解时间四因素对中国毛虾蛋白水解的影响。通过正交试验,确定最佳水解条件。综合考虑,木瓜蛋白酶水解中国毛虾的最适条件为：温度55℃,加酶量0．5％,料水比1：4,水解时间3h。在此条件下,中国毛虾的水解度为30．69％,总氮回收率为68．82％。     

碱性蛋白酶水解豆粕制备ACE抑制肽水解条件的优化

为了寻求高效的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽制备方法,在实验室条件下利用碱性蛋白酶水解豆粕生产ACE抑制肽,并采用单因素和多因素实验相结合的方法对酶解条件进行优化.结果发现,适当延长碱性蛋白酶的水解时间和提高p H,可大幅度提高ACE抑制肽的抑制活性.单因素和多因素实验综合结果显示,碱性蛋白酶水解豆粕产生ACE抑制肽的适宜水解条件为:p H为9.0,水解温度为50℃,水解时间为4 h,蛋白酶质量分数(酶质量/底物质量)为2.0%,底物质量浓度为40 g/L,在此条件下制备的ACE抑制肽的抑制率可达到97.97%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.