改性柚子皮对镉离子的吸附及动力学研究

以生物质废弃物柚子皮为原料对工业废水中的镉离子进行吸附.考察金属离子初始浓度、吸附剂用量、溶液pH、吸附温度和吸附时间对镉离子的吸附情况,从而确定最佳的吸附条件,并对吸附性能进行动力学研究.结果表明,吸附温度为25 ℃、溶液pH=5、吸附剂的用量为7 g·L -1 、吸附时间为120 min、镉离子的初始浓度100 mg·L -1 条件下,柚子皮对镉离子的吸附率达到96.45%以上;通过用准一级动力学模型和准二级动力学模型进行数据拟合,结果显示吸附反应符合准二级动力学方程;红外光谱结果显示,参与吸附反应的主要官能团为羟基、羰基和羧基.     

镁铝双金属氢氧化物对Cu~(2+)的吸附

为研究镁铝双金属氢氧化物(MgAl-LDHs)对铜离子的吸附性能,采用了共沉淀的方法合成了镁铝双金属氢氧化物(MgAl-LDHs),并利用镁铝双金属氢氧化物(MgAl-LDHs)对铜离子进行吸附,同时考察了溶液p H值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液初始浓度对铜离子吸附率的影响,并利用XRD对产品结构进行了表征。结果表明:在常温时,当溶液pH为9、吸附时间为160 min、吸附剂用量为4 g、溶液初始浓度为25 mmol/L的条件下,MgAl-LDHs对铜离子的吸附率达到最大值为90.84%。     

钙基膨润土对水相中铜离子的吸附

通过考察吸附条件对吸附率及吸附负载量的影响,研究了钙基膨润土对水相中铜离子的吸附特性.实验结果表明,钙基膨润土对铜离子有较好的吸附效果;钙基膨润土对铜离子的吸附在15 min就达到吸附平衡;铜离子的吸附在15 min就达到吸附平衡;当铜离子初始质量浓度为190.6 mg/L,pH=6.03,t=20℃,吸附时间τ=15 min,吸附剂用量为10 g/L时,膨润土对铜离子的吸附率为94%.对初始质量浓度为635.4 mg/L的铜离子溶液,膨润土对铜离子的吸附率仍达57%.从吸附前后膨润土的扫描电镜图片和X射线衍射图谱对比分析可知,膨润土对铜离子的吸附不仅有表面和孔道吸附,还存在着晶层间吸附.     

柚子皮生物吸附剂的制备及其对重金属铅离子的吸附应用

废弃的柚子皮中富含大量的木质素、纤维素、多糖及果胶等成分,因而具有与重金属发生作用的功能团,可作为重金属离子的吸附剂。研究以柚子皮粉和经过碱化改性、酯化改性、壳聚糖交联处理的柚子皮粉为吸附剂对铅离子(Pb2+)的吸附情况进行比较,选择出最佳改性处理方法;然后考察最佳改性后的吸附剂在不同的吸附条件下,即吸附时间、吸附温度、Pb2+的初始浓度、吸附时的pH和吸附剂的用量对吸附效率的影响,探究出最佳的吸附剂使用条件;最后探究了吸附剂的吸附动力学特性。结果表明:碱化改性的柚子皮吸附剂在pH为4~6、温度为45℃、吸附剂的投加量为10 g/L、吸附时间为60 min、Pb2+初始浓度约为140 mg/L的条件下,对Pb2+的吸附效果最佳,吸附效率达到92%以上。吸附动力学方程为t/qt=0.207 3+0.103 5 t。     

海藻酸钠吸附铜离子的研究

研究了用海藻酸钠作为吸附剂去除水相中的Cu2 ,以及吸附过程中试验条件对吸附效果的影响·结果表明:吸附过程在10min左右就达到了平衡;在pH=6时吸附效果达到最佳;吸附温度以30℃左右为宜;海藻酸钠对Cu2 吸附的最大负载量为144～150mg/g·铜离子去除率的大小与水相中铜离子的初始质量浓度有关,对含铜量较高的水样(如铜离子质量浓度为800mg/L),海藻酸钠对溶液中Cu2 的去除率最高达81%,对含铜量较低的水样(如铜离子质量浓度为40mg/L),Cu2 的去除率达99 5%;因此采用海藻酸钠进行二次吸附,溶液中的Cu2 的残余质量浓度低于国家污水综合排放标准中铜离子的最高允许排放质量浓度·     

海带吸附镉离子的研究

采用多细胞褐藻海带对镉离子进行吸附，研究溶液的pH值，初始镉离子浓度对镉离子的吸附特性的影响．发现pH值对镉离子的吸附影响很大，在pH值为1～6时，pH值越高，镉的吸附量越大．在本研究实验条件下，海带吸附镉离子适宜的浓度为小于500mg／L，海带的最高吸附量为125mg／g(干态)．溶液中的镉离子与海带上的钙离子发生离子交换作用，交换率占总吸附量的33％．pH=5．93时得到的吸附等温线可用Dubinin-Radushkevich方程拟合．     

多组分重金属复合体系在高岭土中的吸附差异

重金属环境污染问题日趋严重。针对利用黏土矿物高岭土治理多组分重金属环境污染的问题,本文研究了三种重金属离子镉(Cd~(2+))、铅(Pb~(2+))和铜(Cu~(2+))在土壤中广泛存在的高岭土于不同理化条件下(包括吸附时间、pH值、离子强度、重金属离子初始浓度)的吸附行为特性,以及两相与三相多组分重金属之间的竞争吸附行为。研究结果表明:在恒温条件下吸附达平衡后,高岭土对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附率均大于70%;当反应体系pH7.0时,高岭土对这三种离子的吸附率可达90%以上;而当离子强度大于0.05 mol/L时,吸附率降低近一半。在复合体系中,不同重金属离子在高岭土表面的竞争吸附作用使高岭土对各重金属离子的吸附量小于单一组分,其中,高岭土对三种重金属离子的吸附能力大小为Cu~(2+)Cd~(2+)Pb~(2+)。研究结果表明,高岭土对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)都具有良好的吸附能力,其吸附量受pH值、离子强度和竞争吸附作用的影响较大。     

膨润土负载壳聚糖处理含镉废水的实验研究

以脱乙酰度为90%壳聚糖为原料,制备膨润土负载壳聚糖复合吸附剂,用于吸附含镉废水溶液中的Cd2+.探讨壳聚糖负载量、pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂加入量、Cd2+初始质量浓度对去除率的影响.结果表明,对于初始质量浓度为10mg/L的含镉模拟废水溶液,在膨润土与壳聚糖质量比为1∶0.03,加入量为8g/L,pH=6,吸附时间为50min的条件下,Cd2+的去除率在94%以上.该吸附剂经再生处理后可循环使用4次.     

HNO3修饰的亚麻废料吸附剂对锌离子吸附性的研究

利用亚麻废料制备吸附剂对废水中金属锌离子的吸附进行研究.结果表明,经HNO3修饰的亚麻废料吸附剂对锌离子吸附效果要好于未经修饰的亚麻废料.经HNO3修饰的亚麻废料吸附剂对锌离子有最佳吸附的pH为5.80,振荡时间120min达到吸附平衡,最大吸附量为0.324mol/kg,最佳固液比为4.3mg/mL.     

松树皮吸附水溶液中铜离子的性能研究

以松树皮作为吸附剂,进行了生物吸附铜离子的性能研究实验.考察了吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间以及溶液初始浓度等方面对松树皮从水溶液中吸附铜离子的影响,并研究了符合铜离子吸附的平衡热力学和动力学模型.结果表明,平衡数据很好地符合Langmuir吸附等温式和二级反应动力学方程.在25℃下,铜离子初始质...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.