Martensitic transfor mation involved mechanical behaviors and wide hysteresis of NiTiNb shape memory alloys

On the basis of thermoelastic martensitic transformation involved,the mechanical behaviors of NiTiNb shape memory alloys were experimentally studied and their wide hysteresis effect was theoretically d...     

TiNi形状记忆合金断裂机理的原位拉伸研究

用SEM原位拉伸实验对TiNi形状记忆合金试样的断裂过程进行了研究和分析．结果表明,TiNi形状记忆合金的断裂与钢的脆性解理断裂不同．TiNi形状记忆合金的断裂受解理机制和孔洞在第二相颗粒处的形核、长大、连接机制控制．这两种材料失效机制共同作用,其中哪一种占统治地位取决于诸多因素．应力诱发马氏体相变对TiNi形状记忆合金的断裂具有重要的影响．     

Martensite transformation, mechanical properties and shape memory effects of Ni-Mn-In-Mg shape memory alloys

The martensite transformation(MT), mechanical properties and shape memory effect(SME) of(Ni_(50)Mn_(35)In_(15))_((1-x))Mg_x(x = 0%, 0.08%, 0.3%, 0.6% at%) alloys were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that due to Mg doping the MT temperature shifted to higher temperatures and a worm-like secondphase precipitated at grain boundaries and inside the grains. With increasing Mg content, the amount of precipitates gradually increased, the thermal hysteresis was almost invariant, and the SME was not obviously affected at 3% pre-strain, even when the volume of the second phase reached up to 28.75%. Compressive stress and strain experiments showed that both the strain and strength of the Ni-Mn-In-Mg alloys were improved substantially(by 46.9% and 53.4%, respectively, at x = 0.6%) compared with those of the pure Ni_(50)Mn_(35)In_(15) alloy; this effect is nearly the same as that achieved by the directional solidification method. Because Mg is nonmagnetic, the magnetization difference of the alloy with Mg doping is much lower than that of the alloy without Mg doping. Overall, the results confirm that adding a small amount of Mg is a potentially viable method for improving the mechanical properties of Ni-Mn-In alloys without adversely damaging their functional properties.     

Internal friction behaviors of Ni-Mn-In magnetic shape memory alloy with two-step structural transformation

The internal friction (IF) behaviors of dual-phase Ni52Mn32In16 alloy with two-step structural transformation were investigated by dynamic mechanical analyzer. The IF peak for the martensite transformation (MT) is an asymmetric shoulder rather than those sharp peaks for other shape memory alloys. The intermartensitic transformation (IMT) peak has the maximum IF value. As the heating rate increases, the height of the IMT peak increases and its position is shifted to higher temperatures. In comparison with the IMT peak, the MT peak is independent on the heating rate. The starting temperatures of the IMT peak are strongly dependent on frequency, while the MT peak is weakly dependent. Meanwhile, the heights of both the MT and IMT peak rapidly decrease with increasing the frequency. This work also throws new light on their structural transformation mechanisms.     

CuZnAl形状记忆合金的拉伸曲线模型

采用电子万能拉伸试验机对CuZnAl形状记忆合金进行了拉伸试验．试验结果表明。拉伸曲线的骨架曲线与滞回曲线因为残余马氏体量不同而形状不同．由于马氏体开始转变温度的不同．CuZnAl形状记忆合金的骨架曲线模型与滞回曲线模型的参数稍有区别，因此，不同相变温度的CuZnAl形状记忆合金的模型需要作修正．另外，马氏体状态记忆合金的力学曲线模型为双线性模型．     

考虑温度记忆效应的形状记忆合金本构模型

近年来在形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,SMA）中发现的由于不完全马氏体逆相变引起的温度记忆效应,在智能材料与结构等领域具有潜在的应用价值,建立克服现存SMA本构模型不能考虑SMA温度记忆效应这一局限性的SMA本构模型具有理论和工程实际意义．本文在前期研究的基础上,基于作者提出的形状记忆因子的概念,综合运用热力学、连续介质力学和马氏体相变学的相关理论,建立了描述SMA的形状记忆因子、应力、温度间关系的形状记忆方程和描述SMA的应变、应力、温度间关系的力学本构方程．由形状记忆方程和力学本构方程构成的SMA本构模型,克服了现存SMA本构模型不能考虑SMA温度记忆效应的局限性．数值结果表明,该SMA本构模型能有效描述经历不完全马氏体逆相变的SMA的热力学行为,可为SMA温度记忆效应的应用研究提供理论基础．     

Effects of aging treatment on the microstructure and superelasticity of columnar-grained Cu<Subscript>71</Subscript>Al<Subscript>18</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>11</Subscript> shape memory alloy

The effect of aging treatment on the superelasticity and martensitic transformation critical stress in columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ shape memory alloy (SMA) at the temperature ranging from 250°C to 400°C was investigated. The microstructure evolution during the aging treatment was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the plate-like bainite precipitates distribute homogeneously within austenitic grains and at grain boundaries. The volume fraction of bainite increases with the increase in aging temperature and aging time, which substantially improves the martensitic transformation critical stress of the alloy, whereas the bainite only slightly affects the superelasticity. This behavior is attributed to a coherent relationship between the bainite and the austenite, as well as to the bainite and the martensite exhibiting the same crystal structure. The variations of the martensitic transformation critical stress and the superelasticity of columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ SMA with aging temperature and aging time are described by the Austin–Rickett equation, where the activation energy of bainite precipitation is 77.2 kJ·mol?1. Finally, a columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ SMA with both excellent superelasticity (5%–9%) and high martensitic transformation critical stress (443–677 MPa) is obtained through the application of the appropriate aging treatments.     

铜基形状记忆合金异常相变内耗的研究

文章研究了Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti多晶形状记忆合金的异常相变内耗。实验结果和理论分析表明,合金的高温相变内耗峰在测量频率较低、马氏体片较多及升温速度较大的情况下,分解为一个"正峰"和一个"倒峰",这种现象是由于2种正、负耗散弹性模量的马氏体变体间相互作用引起的;具有负弹性模量的形状记忆合金能够稳定存在的条件,是需要从环境吸收热量引起熵的增加。     

Ni50.3Mn27.3Ga22.4磁性形状记忆合金薄膜的磁性能研究

采用磁控溅射方法制备Ni50.3Mn27.3Ga22.4磁性形状记忆合金薄膜。系统研究薄膜的马氏体相变行为、磁场增强相变应变特性以及温度对磁感生应变的影响。试验结果表明,经823 K退火1 h的Ni50.3Mn27.3Ga22.4薄膜室温下处于奥氏体态,马氏体相变开始温度为271.5 K。当沿膜面方向施加0—0.8 T磁场时,Ni50.3Mn27.3Ga22.4薄膜的马氏体相变应变量随磁场强度的增大而增大,呈现出磁场增强马氏体相变应变效应。试验还发现,饱和磁感生应变显著依赖于测试温度。当测试温度低于拟马氏体相变结束温度时,饱和磁感生应变随温度的升高先缓慢增大,在马氏体相变开始温度附近磁感生应变值发生跳跃式增加,然后随测试温度的进一步升高而降低。     

可加工变形的新型金基形状记忆合金

研制出了Au-Cu-Zn-Al系统型形状记忆合金，对该系列合金的相变特性、形状记忆功能进行了较系统的研究。结果表明表明，该系统合金具有典型的热弹性马氏相变，良好的单、双程形状记忆效应和抗腐蚀能力，较好的加工变形能力。相结构和相形貌具有Cu-Zn-Al合金不同的特点。     

Martensitic stabilization and defects induced by deformation in TiNi shape memory alloys

Martensitic stabilization caused by deformation in a TiNi shape memory alloy was studied. Special attention was paid to the deformed microstructures to identify the cause of martensitic stabilization. Martensitic stabilization was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry for the tensioned TiNi shape memory alloy. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that antiphase boundaries were formed because of the fourfold dissociation of [110]_B19’ super lattice dislocations and were preserved after reverse transformation due to the lattice correspondence. Martensitic stabilization was attributed to dislocations induced by deformation, which reduced the ordering degree of the microstructure, spoiled the reverse path from martensite to parent phase compared with thermoelastic transformation, and imposed resistance on phase transformation through the stress field.     

R相变对双向记忆效应的影响研究

作者利用电阻法和伸长率一温度曲线的测试，研究了R相变和马氏体相变对TiNi记忆合金双向记忆效应(TWSME)的贡献，并研究了热机械训练对相变特征的影响．研究结果表明，热机械训练可导致降温时R相的出现，并且R相变对双向记忆效应的贡献远大于马氏体相变的贡献．在双向记忆效应训练过程中，由于位错的引入，能引起相变点Ms，Mf，Rs，As和Af的下降。     

Martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of aged Ni-Fe-Ga-Ti shape memory alloy

This article reports the effect of ageing on the microstructure, martensitic transformation, magnetic properties, and mechanical properties of Ni₅₁Fe₁₈Ga₂₇Ti₄ shape memory alloy. There are five specimens of this alloy aged at 573 up to 973 K for 3 h per each. This range of ageing temperature greatly affects the microstructure of the alloy. As the ageing temperature increased from 573 up to 973 K, the microstructure of Ni₅₁Fe₁₈Ga₂₇Ti₄ alloy gradually changed from the entirely martensitic matrix at 573 K to the fully austenitic microstructure at 973 K. The volume fraction of precipitated Ni₃Ti particles increased with the ageing temperature increasing from 573 to 773 K. Further increasing the ageing temperature to 973 K decreased the content of Ni₃Ti in the microstructure. The martensitic transformation temperature was decreased steadily by increasing the ageing temperature. The magnetization saturation, remnant magnetization, and coercivity increased with the ageing temperature increasing up to 773 K. A further increase in ageing temperature decreased these magnetic properties. Moreover, the hardness values were gradually increased at first by increasing the ageing temperature to 773 K, and then dramatically decreased to the lowest value at 973 K.     

电子辐照CuZnAl形状记忆合金马氏体稳定化的研究

用能量 1.7MeV不同注量的电子辐照CuZnAl形状记忆合金样品 ,通过循环水冷的方法 ,将辐照控制在马氏体相进行 .实验结果表明 ,样品被辐照处理后 ,其马氏体相变温度和相变滞后 ,以及相变特征温度T0 都随辐照注量的增大而升高 ;当辐照注量在 6 .30× 10 2 0 m- 2 ～ 1.89×10 2 1m- 2 时 ,其相变温度变化渐趋平缓 .作者认为 ,这是由于电子辐照产生的点缺陷造成了马氏体相点阵畸变 ,从而诱生了马氏体稳定化     

超细片层NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合材料的制备与功能特性

基于NbTi-TiNi共晶型相变,经成分分析,通过电弧熔炼制备几种具有NbTi和TiNi记忆合金铸态双相组织的NbTiNi合金。这种合金是一种原位自生的NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合材料,具有复合比可控(通过调整Ni或Nb含量)、可逆马氏体相变温度可调(通过调整Ti/Ni比例)的特点。通过对其辅以常规的锻造、拔丝等大变形工艺加工,使NbTi和TiNi组元细化至微米级别,进一步得到复合组元比表面大、分布均匀、界面强度高的超细片层NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合丝材料。通过热膨胀仪和万能拉伸试验机对其进行热膨胀和力学性能测试。结果表明,该复合材料不但具有很高的屈服强度(超过1.6 GPa),还具有负膨胀点记忆效应、应变软模效应等新功能特性。     

Phase transition , structure and shape memory effect of Ni47Ti43Hf10 alloy

A Ni₄₇Ti₄₃Hf₁₀ high temperature shape memory alloy is fabricated. The martensitic transformation temperature (TT) is obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and four-probe electrical resistivity measurements. The effect of thermal cycling is investigated and it is found that the TT tends to be stable quickly, which is of benefit to practical applications. The martensite structure is determined to be B19' monoclinic by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. One-way and two-way (which is seldom reported before) shape memory properties are studied by tensile and bending tests. The cycling number of two-way shape memory effect is tested for more than 20000 times.     

NiTi形状记忆合金的振动主动控制研究

以高分子材料梁为基体，在梁的两侧面嵌入Ｍ相状态的ＮｉＴｉ合金丝作为驱动组元，一侧面嵌入母相状态的ＮｉＴｉ合金丝作为振动感知组元；建立起振动主动控制系统，实现了系统振动主动控制的计算机仿真，试验结果表明；ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金可灵敏地感知系统振动，在低频范围内，可有效抑制振动；试验结果验证了计算机仿真结果的正确性，提出通过增加组内ＮｉＴｉ丝的可控数量，可有效地提高ＮｉＴｉ合金控振频率上限，探讨了ＮｉＴ     

Ni50.3Mn27.3Ga22.4磁性形状记忆合金薄膜的磁场增强马氏体相变应变研究

采用磁控溅射方法制备Ni50.3Mn27.3Ga22.4磁性形状记忆合金薄膜。研究薄膜的晶体结构、磁化行为以及磁场对马氏体相变应变的影响。试验结果表明,经823 K退火1 h的Ni50.3Mn27.3Ga22.4薄膜,室温下处于奥氏体态,呈较强的(110)织构特性,且室温饱和磁化强度约为40 emμ/g。试验还发现,当沿膜面方向施加0到0.8 T磁场时,Ni50.3Mn27.3Ga22.4薄膜的马氏体相变应变量随磁场强度的增大而增大,呈现出磁场增强马氏体相变应变效应。     

Superelasticity of Cu-Ni-Al shape-memory fibers prepared by melt extraction technique

In the paper, a melt extraction method was used to fabricate Cu–4Ni–14Al (wt%) fiber materials with diameters between 50 and 200 μm. The fibers exhibited superelasticity and temperature-induced martensitic transformation. The microstructures and superelasticity behavior of the fibers were studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), respectively. Appropriate heat treatment further improves the plasticity of Cu-based alloys. The serration behavior observed during the loading process is due to the multiple martensite phase transformation.