合肥典型地层双线盾构近接下穿对高铁桥群桩的影响

为了了解合肥典型地层双线盾构近接下穿对高铁桥群桩的影响,以合肥地铁3号线盾构隧道施工近距离穿越高铁桥桩基群工程为例,利用有限元分析软件对盾构施工的全过程进行三维动态模拟,通过分析盾构施工过程中桩身横向位移、弯矩、轴力分布等变化规律,研究了双线盾构近接下穿对高铁桥群桩的扰动规律。结果表明:盾构隧道施工在穿越桩基础群时,距离盾构掌子面较近的桩受到的影响明显大于较远位置的桩;当盾构掌子面推进到与桩群相交处时产生的施工扰动最大;桩基础在盾构中心线上下一倍洞径深度范围内所受到的盾构施工扰动影响最大,桩身轴力和弯矩明显大于其他部位;且双线盾构隧道的后施工隧道的开挖使得先施工隧道周围桩基受到的扰动幅度得以降低。     

卵石地层中地铁盾构近距下穿盾构隧道施工沉降控制

为研究卵石地层条件下盾构下穿施工时既有盾构隧道的沉降特征及其控制措施,依托北京地铁16号线盾构下穿既有地铁4号线盾构隧道工程,通过分析既有隧道沉降的数值模拟结果,结合现场监测数据和盾构施工参数,探讨了盾构的适应性改造,总结了隧道沉降的规律,阐明了调控盾构施工参数的经验。研究表明,为适应卵石地层条件,盾构须提高构件耐磨性、增设注浆及泡沫系统;既有隧道沉降在盾构通过时变化较大,而在盾构到达前和通过后变化较小,且盾构施工的再次扰动影响显著;为有效地控制既有隧道沉降,盾构施工参数应根据监测数据实时调控,保持较高的土仓压力和顶推力,通过提高注浆压力确保注浆质量。     

砂卵石地层地铁近接下穿既有盾构区间施工控制技术

为探究地铁暗挖近接施工下穿既有盾构区间加固技术适应性,以成都5号线近接下穿既有3号线为工程背景,提出适应于成都砂卵石地层的预埋注浆加固保护方案,且通过数值模拟研究了不同注浆加固范围的保护效果、注浆过程对隧道结构影响以及对下穿过程规律性进行讨论,并结合现场监测分析.结果表明:既有隧道注浆加固范围扩大,其隧道结构变形呈线性减小,隧道结构纵向沉降槽呈线性缩小,适当增大既有隧道注浆范围可控制其变形量;预埋钢花管注浆加固过程中,浆液压力和土体硬化将导致既有隧道结构竖向产生沉降,水平方向相向靠拢;地铁下穿过程中,既有隧道结构主要产生竖向沉降,先缓慢沉降,隧道穿过后沉降变形突增,再趋于稳定,前期有一定反应阶段;相比既有隧道,近距离的大范围注浆加固导致土体硬化,5号线结构变形预变形阶段极大缩短,反应时间短,施工风险增大.提出二次衬砌工序优化、深孔注浆加固补救措施以及节点位置格栅密排等措施能够降低既有盾构运营风险.     

流固耦合作用下盾构下穿高架桥稳定性分析

本文依托太原铁路枢纽新建西南环线盾构隧道,结合盾构施工中的监测资料,利用有限元分析软件进行数值模拟分析,在考虑流固耦合作用下,并结合实际监测资料,研究了盾构下穿高架桥时地表和地下结构的稳定性,得出了地表、桥承台和桥桩的变形规律及隧道周围孔隙水压力分布规律。研究结果表明：在富水地层中盾构下穿高架桥工程中,考虑流固耦合作用是必要且合理的;盾构隧道施工前采用隔离桩结合深层地层注浆的加固措施能有效地控制地表、桥承台和桥桩变形;盾构掘进过程中主要影响桥桩水平横向位移,对水平纵向和竖直方向位移影响较小;桥桩顶部受到的附加弯矩较大;深层地层注浆加固措施能减弱隧道周围流固耦合作用,降低隧道内涌水风险。     

天津市软土地层地铁盾构区间下穿施工对京沪高铁南仓特大桥影响的数值分析

为研究天津地区软土地层隧道盾构区间下穿施工对京沪高铁南仓特大桥的影响,以下穿京沪高铁的天津地铁7号线外院附中站-榆关道站区间隧道工程为背景,对下穿京沪高铁南仓特大桥段区间盾构隧道进行设计,通过运用Midas/GTS有限元软件数值分析方法对盾构区间下穿京沪高铁南仓特大桥进行有限元数值分析。研究盾构区间下穿京沪高铁南仓特大桥施工过程中桥面、桥墩、承台及桥桩位移变化规律特征。总结盾构区间侧穿桥桩施工过程中桥桩附加应力变化规律;揭示了盾构区间下穿京沪高铁特大桥施工过程中承台差异沉降及地层应力变化规律。结果表明,盾构隧道施工过程中京沪高铁天津南仓特大桥桥桩附加弯矩较小,桥面、承台、桥墩及桥桩沉降最大值均在控制标准值范围以内,桥桩水平位移最大值在控制标准值范围以内,不会对大桥产生破坏影响。可见在软土地区盾构施工对高铁特大桥有一定程度影响,但通过施加工程措施后,可有效降低对桥的影响程度,保证高铁桥的安全。研究成果可为类型工程施工设计提供参考。     

盾构施工对黄土地层的扰动及管片衬砌受荷特征

为探明黄土地层中地铁盾构隧道施工对地层的扰动以及管片衬砌结构承受荷载的特征,依托西安地铁2号线穿越黄土地层盾构隧道工程,采用颗粒离散元方法从细观层面对盾构施工引起的地层应力变化及开挖面失稳形态进行模拟分析,同时对实际作用在管片衬砌结构上的土压力和主体结构内力(轴力、弯矩)进行现场动态跟踪测试,分析盾构动态施工过程及后期稳定后的土压力对管片衬砌结构受力的影响.研究结果表明:临空面的产生导致隧道拱顶及两侧部分水平应力和垂直应力发生显著变化.管片衬砌结构内力受施工参数影响明显,尤其是千斤顶推力和注浆压力.     

浅覆地层盾构隧道下穿永宁门护城河的施工方案研究

以西安地铁二号线地铁隧道下穿永宁门护城河工程为依托,根据具体的工程地质和水文地质情况,利用开挖面的最小支护力原理,得出了盾构掌子面土仓内压力的安全范围,并就施工中河道内地表隆起较大的问题提出相应对策。采取在河道内堆载,并在盾构施工中合理控制土仓压力的措施,能有效控制地层变形,防止地表隆起。施工中的地层变形监测数据表明,提出的施工方案和技术措施正确可行,对未来类似条件下的隧道施工具有良好的参考价值。     

盾构隧道近接下穿施工对居民建筑楼群的影响研究

以深圳地铁10号线福田口岸站—福民站区间盾构隧道近距离下穿福民新村民居建筑楼群工程为依托,应用有限差分软件FLAC3D建立了包括既有建筑群、建筑基础、新建隧道和地层的数值模型,并根据实际施工方案对地铁盾构隧道的施工过程进行了数值模拟,研究在注浆预加固方案下隧道下穿施工对建筑楼群变形的影响。通过对各建筑沉降数据的分析,得出以下结论:(1)盾构隧道的近接下穿施工,将会导致既有建筑群产生一定程度的不均匀沉降;(2)在注浆预加固方案下进行施工,福民新村民居建筑楼群的最大沉降及最大倾斜度分别为18. 537 mm及0. 000 623,均小于相应规范规定的控制值,说明在注浆预加固方案下进行隧道掘进,可保证各相关民居建筑的沉降及变形控制在安全范围以内。     

上覆薄煤层采空区公路隧道开挖稳定性试验研究

隧道下穿煤层采空区施工将对周围地层产生扰动,影响隧道围岩及初期支护的稳定性.进行了上覆薄煤层采空区隧道开挖的室内相似模型试验,试验中通过测量隧道开挖过程中采空区地层、隧道拱顶的沉降及初期支护内力等参数,对上下台阶法和单侧壁导坑法进行了对比分析.测试结果表明,隧道开挖引起的采空区地层沉降受开挖方法的影响显著,上下台阶法开挖引起的采空区地层沉降高于单侧壁导坑法,沉降槽曲线较陡、沉降范围更宽.两种开挖方法中,围岩压力的最大值均位于右拱脚处,钢拱架最大弯矩出现在拱脚处,最大轴力位于拱腰或拱肩处.其它条件相同时,采用单侧壁导坑法开挖时初期支护背后的围岩压力、钢拱架内力和偏心距等普遍大于上下台阶法开挖.研究表明在隧道下穿倾斜煤层采空区施工时,采用单侧壁导坑法开挖可以显著减小对采空区地层及围岩的扰动,但同时需增强初期支护的刚度,确保围岩及隧道结构的整体稳定性.     

地铁盾构施工对上跨桩板结构的扰动机制研究

针对浅埋施工条件下盾构下穿桩板结构的开挖扰动问题展开研究.依托滨海软弱土层地铁盾构隧道开挖工程,结合现场原位测试和数值动态仿真,分别针对开挖顶进和盾尾注浆两个扰动阶段,分析近场和远场结构部件的受力变形规律,阐明扰动机制.结果表明:盾构开挖顶进阶段,顶推力对周围土体的放射挤压引起桩身横向弯曲及顶板抬升,刀盘驶过目标桩1.00D(D为开挖洞径)时,近场桩身变形达到最大;盾尾注浆阶段,在注浆层硬化前,顶板及近场桩身随土体出现回弹变形,并于刀盘驶过目标断面约3.00D后趋于稳定,此时顶板出现沉降槽;距离开挖空间1.00D的远场桩身先后受到顶推力的外扩挤压,以及隧道上部地层回弹沉降的横向推动作用,弯曲变形逐步增大,未表现出回弹变形.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.