盾构隧道管片弯矩分布特性数值模拟分析

为了研究盾构隧道衬砌内力分布规律,对盾构隧道设计中常用的三种衬砌内力计算方法进行了归纳和分析。基于土力学理论土压力的计算方法,提出了计算管片内力分布新的荷载-结构模型。以沈阳地铁盾构隧道为例,比较分析了惯用法、有限元法以及荷载-结构计算方法的区别。计算结果表明,不同的计算方法得到的弯矩分布特性存在一定的差异。采用有限元数值模拟方法,分析了土体泊松比对盾构隧道管片弯矩的影响。研究表明,随着土体泊松比的增加,管片最大弯矩值减小。     

地铁盾构隧道30°斜穿地裂缝的物理模拟试验

为了研究30°斜穿地裂缝的盾构隧道管片衬砌结构在地裂缝影响下的变形破坏模式和影响规律,从西安地铁盾构隧道工程背景和西安地裂缝地质环境出发,根据相似理论设计了盾构隧道管片衬砌结构模型试验的相似常数,对模型混凝土、模型钢筋、结构围岩、模型管片及其连接螺栓参数等进行了设计.该结构模型试验能对结构钢筋、混凝土进行应变测量,对结构接触土压力和结构外围土压力、结构内部收敛位移、模型顶表面土体变形等进行观测.借助地基沉降试验平台,通过自锁式千斤顶的缓慢下降,实现对地裂缝上盘相对下降的模拟,地裂缝的活动速率和错动量通过工控机控制自锁式千斤顶的运行速率和行程来实现.试验结果表明:该试验设计满足地裂缝活动下30°斜交盾构隧道管片衬砌结构变形破坏模式和破坏范围研究的需要,能实现模型试验目标;地基沉降试验平台能较好地模拟地裂缝的活动.     

下穿黄河盾构隧道管片衬砌结构受力特征模型试验

针对兰州地铁穿河段盾构隧道穿越强透水砂卵石地层和承受较高外水压的特点,首先研制了外水压加载装置,该装置在衬砌模型内部创造了一个封闭的负压环境,通过控制模型内外气压差来实现外水压的等效加载,同时结合隧道-地层复合模拟试验系统开展了几何相似比为1∶10的室内模型加载试验,实现了土压和水压的分别控制加载.研究了水压、土压、土体侧压力系数及拼装方式对管片受力特征的影响.研究结果表明,随着水压的增大,管片轴力明显提高,弯矩略有减小,偏心距则明显降低;随着隧道上覆土压的增大,管片衬砌结构的轴力、弯矩、偏心距均呈增大趋势,但总体上量值变化较小;在水压一定时,覆土厚度的增加对管片弯矩的影响越来越大,而轴力变化速率均比较稳定;正常水压条件下,随着土体侧压力系数的增大,管片衬砌结构的轴力增大,弯矩减小,偏心距减小,随着水压的增大,侧压力系数对于管片结构受力特征的影响越来越小;错缝拼装情况下,管片内力在部分环向及纵向接头处会产生较大突变,且管片内力较通缝拼装情况大.     

管线渗漏对地铁盾构影响的模型试验研究

文章采用室内模型试验,研究了地铁盾构施工中管线渗漏对管线、地层和隧道管片造成的影响,分析盾构施工与管线渗漏作用下的地表沉降和隧道管片内力变化规律。结果表明:地下管线渗漏的存在对隧道周围砂土的应力场和位移场有着较明显的影响,管线沉降增大了28.78%;管线渗漏的水体对砂土的渗透力作用,导致局部土体沉降增加,在管-土相互作用下,管线最终沉降值为0.840 mm,因渗漏造成的管线沉降占总沉降的24.76%;在隧道开挖过程中,隧道顶部始终受上部土体压力作用,并逐渐增大;管线发生渗漏,地表沉降变大,造成隧道管片承受的应力也随之增大,增幅为30%左右。     

盾构隧道近距离侧穿桩基的力学响应分析

城市地铁盾构隧道掘进施工过程中由于超挖或注浆不到位容易产生地层损失,从而引起周边地层土应力的释放,使局部土体受扰动发生变形,以致影响既有建筑结构的安全.针对地铁选线过程中穿越高架桩基工况,基于有限元数值模拟方法,从桩体数量、隧道直径、隧道结构及隧道与基桩相对位置关系等角度分别进行敏感性状分析,结果表明:桩群数量变化下基桩的力学响应差异明显,群桩条件对隧道施工地层损失引发的地层位移具有较好的抗约束作用,但是隧道直径及其与邻近桥桩的空间相对位置对桩体的位移和内力影响较为显著.     

裂缝位置对盾构隧道管片结构破坏形态的影响

为研究裂缝位置对盾构隧道管片结构破坏形态的影响,依托国内某地铁越江盾构隧道工程,采用相似模型试验的方法,考虑既有裂缝位于拱顶、拱腰及拱底的3种裂损工况,分析了管片衬砌结构的变形特性、承载性能及破坏模式.结果表明,裂缝的存在降低了结构的整体刚度,改变了管片衬砌的结构体系,在相同荷载条件下,带裂缝管片衬砌结构的变形量显著增加,临界失稳点的椭圆扁平率明显增大,破损区域内力大幅减小,且极限承载能力均降低2个荷载级别.带裂缝管片衬砌结构破坏模式由结构性破坏转变为裂缝导向性破坏,裂缝位于拱腰时管片衬砌结构较早出现损伤破坏,但损伤破坏发展过程较平缓,而裂缝位于拱顶及拱底时损伤破坏愈趋突发性破坏.     

盾构隧道衬砌结构小角度斜穿地裂缝的破坏机理

从西安地铁1 #线工程背景和西安地裂缝地质环境出发,根据相似理论设计了盾构隧道管片衬砌结构30°斜穿地裂缝的物理模型试验管片混凝土应变、纵向和环向螺栓应变、结构接触土压力外围土压力、结构内部收敛位移、模型顶表面土体变形以及宏观变形破坏现象表明:盾构隧道管片衬砌结构30°斜穿地裂缝的变形破坏模式为剪切变形为主,局部有扭转变形;结构破坏范围为上盘1.25D,下盘0.75D(D为管片环外径);管片衬砌结构变形破坏不对称,管片环向处于偏压状态;环缝拱底位错量大于拱顶和拱腰,拱底最大位错量达40 mm(0.033D),模型难以适用地裂缝错动变形20 cm(0.1667 D),盾构管片衬砌结构不适用于地裂缝活动强烈的地质环境     

近距离平行隧道盾构施工对老隧道影响的数值模拟

分析了盾构法施工对既有隧道的影响.以天津地铁某区间盾构施工为背景,采用有限元程序ABAQUS对近距离双线平行盾构掘进过程进行了动态模拟,揭示了盾构新隧道施工对既有隧道的应力分布和衬砌变形等产生的影响,得到了地表沉降曲线与影响既有隧道的具体数值.计算结果表明,土体的模量、隧道间净距和注浆压力等因素对隧道间相互作用有较大影响,且土体越软其影响越显著,但当距离大于洞径时,其影响可忽略不计.     

地裂缝隧道衬砌结构与围岩相互作用机理

针对台凹型活动地裂缝正交区间隧道,通过有限差分数值方法模拟地裂缝区间隧道的开挖施工、分缝衬砌结构与地裂缝上下盘之间相对错动,从地表和衬砌的沉降位移、围岩位移场、围岩土压力以及衬砌结构内力方面分析了隧道结构与围岩的变化特征.结果表明：台凹型活动地裂缝不均匀变形主要发生在上盘内地裂缝一定范围的地层内;分缝衬砌结构端部的拱顶土压力呈现出集中增大和减小的变化特征,上盘内地裂缝附近仰拱底的土压力出现松弛;变形缝两侧衬砌结构的端部出现轴向应力集中现象.分缝衬砌结构一方面能够适应地裂缝错动位移,避免结构内力过大而引起强度破坏;另一方面,能够抑制地层的不均匀沉降变形,使得地裂缝处变形缝两侧衬砌结构的相对位移减小,并改善地裂缝区间隧道的运行条件.     

盾构姿态变化对管片影响与控制研究及展望

大量盾构隧道工程实践表明,盾构姿态控制不良导致千斤顶对管片的偏心推力、盾壳对管片的挤压力、盾尾注浆对管片的不均匀压力等施工荷载是引起管片结构发生各种病害的主要原因.为了阐明盾构姿态变化对管片受力的影响及控制技术的应用现状,详细介绍了盾构姿态参数、测量方法及姿态变化过程,重点阐述了盾构姿态引起施工荷载的变化对管片结构影响的研究进展,并归纳施工各阶段盾构姿态的控制和纠偏技术措施,指出了现有研究的不足和尚需讨论的问题.建议研发高精度高智能化的自动导向系统,全面考虑姿态变化过程中的施工荷载,构建精细化管片模型和三维盾构姿态的动态模型,进一步探究姿态参数对盾构姿态的控制效应.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.