不对称信息下基于努力水平的供应链协调运作研究

货损货差在很大程度上可以影响第三方物流企业的服务质量.在一个由第三方物流企业和制造商构成的供应链中,可以通过第三方物流企业付出努力来减少货损货差的产生,但是要与制造商共享收益,导致对第三方物流企业的激励不够.在努力水平影响货损货差的供应链环境中,通过博弈模型的构建,分析信息对称和不对称两种情形下的供应链协调机制,最后通过算例分析对研究结论的有效性进行了验证.     

服务质量约束下网络商店与物流服务商协调模型

针对网络商店和第三方物流(TPL)形成的服务供需关系,引入反映第三方物流服务质量的配送完好率因素.在产品需求是价格和配送完好率函数的条件下,建立了非合作博弈和合作博弈下的决策模型.对两种决策模型进行对比分析,指出传统合同的不足,而所设计的收益共享契约能实现供应链协调.算例分析进一步验证了提升服务质量有利于增加供应链总收益,且通过选择恰当的收益分配系数能使双方收益实现帕累托最优,并给出了分配系数的范围.此外,研究还表明协调契约能有效激励第三方物流企业降低服务报价并激励网络商店降低商品价格.     

第三方物流服务提供商与客户企业间的商业信用激励协调

第三方物流服务提供商(third-party logistics service provider,TPLSP)为其客户企业提供商业信用,资金资源的重新配置将影响TPLSP和客户企业的运营决策和效益.结合TPLSP-客户企业供应链的特点,构建TPLSP和客户企业间的商业信用模型.以一般物流契约为参照,分析分散决策模式下商业信用对客户企业的激励作用,推导出能够增加TPLSP和客户企业双方利润的商业信用条件.在集中决策模式下,分析商业信用对TPLSP、客户企业和系统利润的影响,得出了整个供应链协调的最优参数.最后,给出了相应的算例.     

随机需求下第三方物流的Nash均衡与协调策略

针对供应商、第三方物流服务商与零售商组成的3层供应链系统,研究了随机需求下考虑缺货或滞销成本的主从对策与收益分配问题.理论分析表明独立决策下供应链系统利润最低,第三方物流服务商的物流服务质量难以保证,而联合决策下系统利润达到最优,运用基于合作满意度的Nash协商收益分配机制能激励第三方物流服务商提高物流服务水平,各成员所得收益均比独立决策时有大幅度提高,促进了供应链系统的高效运转,实现了系统的完美协调.最后,通过数值算例对上述结论作了进一步分析。     

基于供应链的汽车零部件集配中心选址模型问题

针对汽车零部件集配中心的选址问题,考虑供应链中三个成员的利益,以汽车零部件集配中心的选址成本与运输成本最小化、零部件供应商运输过程中零部件货损量最小化、整车厂(RDC)满意度最大化作为选址目标,引入零部件在集货配送中货损的微分方程以及模糊预约时间理论,构建基于供应链利益共享的零部件集配中心选址的多目标决策模型。并运用模糊集理论,对目标函数进行处理,再用Matlab软件对该模型进行求解,得到最佳的选址方案,进而用实例验证该模型的有效性。     

基于信息共享水平的多供应商博弈研究

在供应链共享信息的背景下,考虑两个供应商和一个零售商组成的供应链结构,研究多供应商定价策略问题。根据期望利润最大化建立供应链信息共享博弈模型,依据纳什均衡求解出供应商和零售商的最优定价,比较信息共享和不共享下供应链各节点的效益。结果表明:信息精度越高,供应商和零售商的定价越高。若竞争强度不变,供应商和零售商的利润都会随着信息精度的增加而增加。信息共享对供应商有利但不利于零售商,供应商需要支付相应的信息报酬才能激励零售商的信息共享行为。     

基于收益分配契约的供应链协调策略博弈分析

考察了一个供应商和一个零售商的二级供应链,通过引入产品价格、质量努力水平和供应商的风险规避度构造数学模型,满足供应商和零售商利润最大,从而得出最优收益分配契约。此外,分析了市场需求对价格的反应、市场需求对质量努力水平的反应、供应商的风险规避度、不确定性因素的方差以及努力成本系数对收益分配契约的影响,通过数值模拟得到了更直观的结果。     

供应商与零售商提前期均可控的供应链合作模型

假设供应商和零售商的提前期均可控,研究了由一个供应商和一个零售商组成的供应链的协调问题.首先,建立了分散决策下的Stackelberg博弈模型,给出了供应商和零售商的最优解求解过程.其次,建立了一体化决策模型,得到供应链系统的最优解;再次,通过数值实例说明集中决策增加了零售商成本,降低了供应商成本和供应链总成本,同时,零售商的订货策略由少批量多批次转变为大批量少批次订货策略;最后,给出了双方进行合作的条件.     

生鲜电子商务供应链质量控制与保鲜努力决策研究

为了研究生鲜电商供应链成员最优决策和利润状况,考虑1个生鲜供应商和1个生鲜零售商构成的二级供应链,其中供应商采取保鲜努力,零售商在此基础上采取质量控制,运用Stackelberg博弈理论,分别构建集中决策模型、分散决策模型和基准模型,分析供应链成员最优决策和利润的变化,分析保鲜努力需求弹性、保鲜努力成本系数等因素对最优决策的影响。结果表明：生鲜供应商和生鲜零售商的“搭便车”心理对保鲜努力水平和质量控制水平起到一定的抑制作用;集中决策、分散决策模型中保鲜努力和质量控制的差异分别随各自的成本效率的提升而增大;当质量控制成本效率和保鲜努力成本效率高于一定水平时,零售商会制定低于集中决策的零售价格来吸引消费者购买;制定的成本分担-补偿契约可提高供应商的保鲜努力水平并鼓励零售商进行质量控制,同时协调供应链。     

非对称信息条件下供应链收入共享契约协调

研究了非对称信息条件下供应链收入共享契约协调问题,建立了新的收入共享契约协调模型.在模型中,主方供应商具有批发价格和收入共享比例决策权,从方零售商具有隐匿边际成本信息和订货量决策权.探讨了零售商边际成本信息隐匿情况下的供应商最优收入共享策略,并将其同对称信息情况进行对比分析.最后进行了数值仿真.研究表明,为了设计一个激励零售商的最优收入共享策略,供应商将对零售商私有成本信息的不可观测性付出代价,导致利润降低,而零售商却可以从中获益.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.