不可估参数函数的可容许估计

对于线性模型ＥＹ＝Ｘβ,ＣｏｖＹ－∑＾ＭＩ＝１σＳ＾２Ｖｉ。当Ｓβ不可分别给出了Ｓβ的线性估计在二次损失和矩阵损失下线性可容许的充要条件。当Ｙ－Ｎ（Ｘβ,∑＾ＭＩ＝１σ＾２Ｖｉ）时,还得到了Ｓβ的线性估计在矩阵损失下在一切估计类中可容许的充要条件和在二次损失下在切估计类中可容许的充分条件和必要条件。     

一般线性模型下删除观测值的影响

在一般情形下，给出了在模Ｍ＝（Ｙ，Ｘβ，σ＾２Ｖ）与删除第ｉ个观测值后得到的模型Ｍｄ＝（Ｙｄ，Ｘｄβ，σ＾２Ｖｄ）下Ｘｄβ的最佳线性无偏估计的表达式，得到了二者相等的充要条件，给出了在模型Ｍｄ下Ｘｄβ的最小二乘估计是Ｍ下Ｘｄβ的最佳线性无偏估计的充要条件，以及Ｍｄ下σ＾２的最小范数二次无偏估计是Ｍ下σ＾２的最小范数二次无偏估计的充要条件。     

两个方差分量线性组合估计的可容许性

考虑方差分量模型 在满秩情形，即ｒａｎｋ（Ｘ）＝ｎ，方差分量的线性组合 的可容 许估计条件．在二次型估计类 中，对给定的损失函数Ｌ ，推导证明了当Ｖ１＝Ｖ２时，　　　是 的可容许估计的充要条件，以及当没有 Ｖ１＝Ｖ２限制时，ｙＡｙ是 的可容许估计的充分条件．     

二次损失下位置参数的最优不变估计的非容许性及其改进估计

本文应用Ｂｒｏｗｎ方法，找出一类随机变量（密度形为ｆ（ｘ一θ），三阶矩存在）位置参数最优不变估计非容许的充分条件。进而证明其最优不变估计是非容许的，并给出一族改进估计。作为特例，使多维正态分布（ｐ≥３）的位置参数通常估计的非容许性又一次得到证明。     

方差分量模型中均值参数的可容许线性无偏估计类

对（y,Xβ,^k∑i=1θiVi）,Vi〉0,i=1,2,……,k,首先给出了Sβ的线性无偏估计ψr不可容许的充要条件,然后得出了Sβ的线性无偏估ψT可容许的充要条件,从而,在此基础上给出了Sβ的可容许线性无偏估计类。     

SUR 回归模型中最小二乘估计与 Gauss-Markof 估计及两步估计重合的条件

讨论了（１）如何确定ＳＵＲ回归模型的协方差参数矩阵的列展空间;（２）在什么条件之下,ＳＵＲ回归模型的最小二乘估计,Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｍａｒｋｏｆ估计,及Ｚｅｌｎｅｒ的两步估计可以相等。此外,也得到了关于最小二乘估计在线性无偏估计类中的容许性的某些结果。     

线性模型参数估计中的效率

对一般的ＧａｕｓＭａｒｋｏｆ模型：Ｙ＝Ｘβ＋ｅ,Ｅ（ｅ）＝０,Ｃｏｖ（ｅ）＝σ２Ｖ,Ｖ≥０,给出了μ＝Ｘβ的最小二乘估计的３种相对效率和它们的下界．对一般的方差分量模型：Ｙ＝Ｘβ＋ｅ,Ｅ（ｅ）＝０,Ｃｏｖ（ｅ）＝∑ｔｉ＝１θｉＶｉ,θｉ＞０,Ｖｉ≥０,相拟地定义了μ＝Ｘβ的最小二乘估计的３种相对效率并给出了它们的下界．     

生长曲线模型中协差阵的一致最小方差非负二次无偏估计

在准椭球等高分布下给出了生长曲线模型中ｔｒ（ＣＶ）的一致最小方差非负二次无偏估计存在及任一个非负二次估计成为一致最小方差非负二次无偏估计的充要条件。     

SUR回归模型中最小二乘估计与Gauss—Markof估计及两步估计重合 …

讨论了（１）如何确定ＳＵＲ回归模型的协方差参数矩阵的列展空间;（２）在什么条件之下,ＳＵＲ回归模型的最小二乘估计,Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｍａｒｋｏｆ估计,及Ｚｅｌｌｎｅｒ的两步估计可以相等,此外,也得到了关于最小二乘估计在线性无偏估计数类中的容许性的某些结果。     

二阶矩的最优二次无偏估计

在假定X1与N（θ,σ^2）有相同的前四阶矩的条件下给出了参数τ的最小方差二次无偏估计,并统一和推广了一些已有结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that