从山茶花花卉中提取多酚的方法和工艺研究

为了从山茶花卉中浸提并沉淀得多酚,采用单因素实验和正交实验(包括温度、时间、料液比、乙醇浓度等)得出最佳的浸提条件;然后采用金属离子沉淀方法从该浸提液中沉淀得到多酚物质,考察了金属离子、pH值、不同类型和浓度碱性溶液对沉淀率的影响。结果表明,1)浸提的最佳条件应为:浸提溶液为60%乙醇,浸提温度为80℃,浸提时间为20min,浸提的料液比为1∶35;2)发现多种金属离子沉淀剂(Al 3+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Ba2+和Ca2+)中Al 3+的沉淀效果最好,且沉淀的最佳pH值为5.5,所得多酚的最终收率为7.1%,纯度为72.47%。研究认为上述方法提取的多酚纯度较好,下一步需扩展研究规模以指导生产应用。     

香蕉多酚提取工艺的优化研究

利用香蕉加工场生产加工的废料香蕉皮提取天然产物香蕉多酚,并对影响香蕉多酚提取率的因素,如提取温度、提取时间、料液比、乙醇浓度、浸提次数、烘干温度等条件进行研究,确定了香蕉皮的最佳烘干温度为50℃;最佳提取条件为:95%的乙醇为提取剂,料液比为1∶8,浸提温度为40℃,浸提2次,一次浸提最佳时间为3 h,二次浸提最佳时间为0.5 h.     

利用响应面法确定竹叶中黄酮最佳提取条件

在单因素实验基础上,利用RSA中Plackett Burman设计,得出竹叶黄酮最佳浸提条件为:总浸提时间6h,乙醇浓度64%,pH值10.5,浸提温度80℃,料液比1∶30,浸提2次。     

超声波提取陕北红枣多酚

研究超声波法提取陕北红枣中多酚的最佳提取条件。(1)考察了红枣多酚提取的最佳方法和最佳溶剂;(2)考察超声提取时间、溶剂浓度、料液比三个因素对多酚提取率的影响。并在单因素实验的基础上设计L9(33)正交实验。结果:最佳方法为超声波提取>索式提取>普通回流>室温浸提。提取溶剂为乙醇。提取陕北红枣中多酚的最佳工艺条件组合为:70%(V/V)乙醇、料液比为1∶40、超声提取30 min、提取3次。多酚得率为444.6 mg/100 g。由几种提取方法比较,可知超声波提取有明显的优势:提取时间短、温度低、不会使多酚分解且操作简单。     

毛酸浆果实黄色素的提取及其稳定性研究

对毛酸浆果实黄色素的最适浸提溶剂进行了筛选,通过正交试验确定了最佳浸提条件:以乙醇作为浸提溶剂,乙醇质量分数85%,时间4 h,温度65℃,料液比1∶14.对该色素稳定性研究表明,热稳定性较好;Fe3+、Ca2+、Na+、、Zn2+中,Ca2+对黄色素稳定性影响较大;所选食品添加剂蔗糖、苯甲酸钠、抗坏血酸对该色素稳定性影响不大;碱性环境(pH值为8)中稳定性好于酸性环境(pH值为2).     

中心组合设计优化苦菜多酚类物质的提取工艺

对苦菜多酚提取工艺进行优化研究.用单因素试验对提取溶剂进行筛选,结果表明乙醇和一定浓度的盐酸组成的复合体系是理想的提取溶剂,用析因试验、最速上升试验、中心组合实验对提取条件进一步优化.结果发现乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取溶剂的pH、料液比都对苦菜多酚提取产生一定的影响,其中pH和乙醇浓度的影响最为显著.最佳的多酚类化合物提取条件为料液比1∶30,提取溶剂为65%乙醇,其酸度为0.78 mol/L,提取温度60℃,此时苦菜多酚的得率为19.12 mg/g.     

野生山葡萄多酚类物质提取实验研究

目的：研究野生山葡萄总多酚的浸提条件．方法：选择提取剂、提取剂浓度、提取时间、温度、料液比以及提取次数6种因素进行梯度实验。确定最佳提取条件．结果与结论：提取溶剂为甲醇、浓度为60％～80％，提取时间为2～4h，常温提取，2次提取料液比为l：20为宜，3次提取料液比l：5最佳．     

葵花脱脂粕中绿原酸醇提工艺研究

为了优化绿原酸的醇提工艺,用乙醇作用于葵花籽粕提取绿原酸,探讨乙醇浓度、浸提时间、pH值以及料液比对绿原酸提取率的影响．在单因素实验的基础上,设计了正交实验,用实用统计的方法对实验结果进行分析,得出最适的工艺参数,结果表明：乙醇浓度75％,时间1h,料液比1：14,pH值3,绿原酸的提取效果最好,提取率达到1．32％．     

沉淀-吸附法制备高纯酯型儿茶素

用ZnCl2作沉淀剂,当溶液pH值为5.6～6.5时,将茶叶浸提液中的儿茶素以金属盐的形式沉淀,沉淀物经洗涤后,用质量分数为40%的硫酸溶解,然后将溶液直接加入聚酰胺树脂柱上,先用蒸馏水将Zn2+,Na+等无机离子除去,再用乙醇将茶多酚洗脱,洗脱液经浓缩、干燥,得到纯度高于99%的高纯酯型儿茶素,提取率达10.2%,其中EGCG,GCG,ECG含量分别为64%,16%和19%,金属离子含量小于1×10-3%,未检出咖啡因.     

羊栖菜多酚的制备及抗氧化活性研究

以羊栖菜为原料，考察3种不同方法和不同料液比对羊栖菜多酚浸出率的影响，对多酚进行提取纯化，探讨抗氧化活性能力，并通过过氧化氢诱导的Caco-2细胞炎症模型来探究多酚的抗炎作用.结果显示，获得最优的羊栖菜多酚浸提工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数40%,浸提时间60 min,料液比1∶30,浸提温度为70℃,超声输出功率为200 W,浸出率达(7.650±0.934)%.在此条件下多酚质量浓度可达29.94 mg·mL^-1,纯度达(21.45±0.56)%;在细胞炎症模型中，纯多酚可以显著降低细胞上清液中抗氧化防御酶的含量，能有效保护过氧化氢诱导的Caco-2细胞的氧化损伤.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to