国产环氧树脂618半薄切片制备及染色法

对用国产６１８树脂包埋的样品进行半薄切片过程中的修块、定位及染色过程进行了探索,提出了１套完整的方法。该方法得到的半薄切片色彩鲜艳,保存时间长     

聚合物氧化试剂的合成及其对肉桂醇的选择性氧化

合成了负载铬酸氢根的聚合物氧化试剂,以该试剂作为一种选择性氧化剂,应用于肉桂醇的氧化反应,考察了温度、时间、溶剂、树脂与醇的量比对该氧化反应的影响.在优化反应条件下,以苯为溶剂,n(树脂):n(醇)=3.5:1,反应回流8 h,肉桂醛产率达71.27%.实验表明:负载铬酸氢根的聚合物氧化试剂能有效地将肉桂醇选择性氧化为肉桂醛.     

甲壳质在氢氧化钠－醇－水体系中的脱乙酰基反应

分别以８种一元醇和水做溶剂，配制成不同ＮａＯＨ浓度及醇水比的溶液，在此溶液中进行了甲壳质脱乙酰反应．发现，不同醇、氢氧化钠浓度、醇水比、搅拌都对反应速度有明显的影响．甲壳质在氢氧化钠－醇－水体系中进行脱乙酰反应，要比在氢氧化钠水溶液中容易进行．还初步探讨了醇在体系中的作用     

GMA半薄切片与组织化学染色技术在植物胚胎学研究中的几点改进

本实验将GMA（乙二醇甲基丙烯酸醋）半薄切片技术与组织化学染色技术应用于植物胚胎学研究,并对其方法进行了如下方面的改进：（1）改进GMA包埋模具,避免因GMA溶液沿锡纸船缝隙流失导致的包埋失败;（2）控制GMA用量与聚合时间。避免因GMA溶液大量挥发导致的包埋失败;（3）增加了染液的溶质浓度,达到稳定的染色效果。     

有机化合物选择性氧化的研究——载体铬(Ⅵ)氧化醇类的研究

本文以普通型强碱性阴离子交换树脂作载体的铬(Ⅵ)试剂用于氧化苄醇、烯丙醇和仲醇类,取得了良好的效果,对饱和伯醇则不氧化。反应操作简单,树脂经再生后可循环使用。     

刺槐根瘤菌侵入线研究中的电镜制样方法

介绍一显示刺槐根瘤中侵入线超微结构的电镜制方法。以透射电镜制样方法为基础，将制好的刺槐根瘤树脂块，在同一部位用超薄切片机制成厚切片和超薄切片。厚切片经脱树脂后，扫描电镜观察；超薄切片经染色后，透射电镜镜检。     

树脂负载铬酸氢根氧化试剂的制备及其对醇的氧化作用

合成了负载铬酸氢根的季铵盐树脂，研究了负载铬酸氢根的季铵盐树脂作为一种氧化醇为醛的氧化剂，在不同温度、不同时间、不同溶剂和不同的树脂与醇的投料比对苯甲醇的氧化作用。在优化反应条件下，即以苯为溶剂，树脂与醇的摩尔比为3．0，反应回流12h，产物苯甲醛产率达65％。并考察了该种氧化剂对肉桂醇、环己醇、丙烯醇、丁醇的氧化效果。实验结果表明，铬酸氢根季铵盐树脂是一种氧化醇为醛或酮的有效选择性氧化剂。     

纤维包埋技术对单中空纤维截面特征参数的影响

传统的火棉胶包埋技术经截面切片后,挤压作用使纤维的截面变形,不能准确提取纤维的截面特征参数.选择合适的树脂包埋技术,使纤维具有较好的保形性.分析了不同包埋技术及切片技术对单中空纤维（中空涤纶和木棉纤维）截面特征参数的影响.结果表明,合适的树脂包埋技术能明显减小纤维截面的变形程度,对胞壁较薄的纤维效果更为显著.     

树脂吸附法处理1，2—重氮氧基萘—4—磺酸生产酸析母液废水的研究

研究了树脂吸附法处理1，2－重氮氧基萘－4－磺酸生产酸析母液废水，考察了树脂吸附脱附性能的影响因素，并确定了最佳工艺参数。结果表明，NDA－409树脂对1，2，4－酸氧体生产酸析母液废水的吸附脱附效果良好。原废水呈深黑色，其中1，2，4－酸氧体浓度为8000－9000mg/L,CODcr浓度为10000－11000mg/L左右，处理后的出水无色透明，1，2，4－酸氧体浓度约为85mg/L，氧体去除率达99％，CODcr浓度小于100mg/L，CODcr去除率达99％；采用组合脱附剂对树脂进行洗脱再生，1，2，4－酸氧体的脱附率能稳定在99％以上。经过12批次小试稳定性实验和四批次放大实验证明，NDA－409树脂对1，2，4－酸氧体的吸附－脱附性能稳定。该工艺简单，操作方便，技术先进，不仅能有效地处理废水，使其实现达标排放，而且能回收废水中宝贵的化工原料，实现环境效益、社会效益和经济效益的统一，是一项具有推广价值的废水治理技术。     

聚合物支载的过渡金属和铈催化剂的制备及其对溴酸钠氧化仲醇的催化作用

报道了用离子交换的方法制备强酸型离子交换树脂支载的不同的过渡金属的铈催化剂．研究了不同聚合物催化剂催化溴酸钠氧化环己醇的氧化能力及温度、溶剂对催化氧化反应的影响,考察了聚合物Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）催化澳酸钠氧化不同结构的仲醇的效果．结果表明,所制备的聚合物支载的过渡金属催化剂对溴酸钠氧化环己醇都具有很好的催化效果;在室温下,以ＨＡｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ（１：４）作溶剂,聚合物Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）催化溴酸钠氧化各类仲醇都具有良好的产率,特别是对环状仲醇和芳香仲醇的催化氧化具有很好的效果．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to