溶胶凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜及性质研究

以二水醋酸锌为原料,使用溶胶凝胶法在(100)Si衬底上旋转涂敷得到ZnO薄膜.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)分析经N2、空气、O2不同气氛400℃退火ZnO薄膜的成分和结构差异.使用XRD、原子力显微镜和光致发光手段重点研究了N2气氛条件下,ZnO薄膜结构与发光特性随退火温度的变化规律,发现400℃下退火更适于干凝胶薄膜经历结构弛豫,生成具有(002)择优取向、性质优良的纳米晶ZnO薄膜.计算该样品的晶粒尺寸为41.6 nm,晶格常数a=0.325 3 nm,c=0.521 nm,其PL光谱出现495 nm附近强的绿光发射峰,可能源于ZnO纳米晶粒表面缺陷氧空位(Vo).随着退火温度升高,ZnO生成量减少、晶粒体表面积比(S/V)减小共同作用导致绿光峰强度变弱.     

溅射法制备的ZnO薄膜的光发射

报道了用射频磁控溅射法在硅衬底上制备出具有好的(002)择优取向的多晶ZnO薄膜，在514nm处观察到显著的单色绿光发射峰；且随着氧分压的增加，绿光发射峰的强度减弱．经真空中退火该发射峰增强；而在氧气中退火该发射峰强度减弱．该发射峰强度依赖于氧分压的事实表明：514nm绿光发射峰与ZnO薄膜中的氧空位缺密切相关，认为它来自于氧空位缺陷深施主能级上的电子到价带顶上的跃迁．     

碳纤维/ZnO复合材料的制备和性能研究

通过对碳纤维表面进行修饰,利用低温液相沉淀法制备了碳纤维/ZnO复合材料并对其结构、形貌和发光性能进行了研究.结果显示,样品的紫外-可见吸收峰约为376nm,相应的带隙宽度约为3.30eV.由样品的荧光光谱得出,样品除了具有位于384nm的微弱的近带边紫外发光峰之外,还有位于597nm的强的绿光发光带.样品经过退火之后,绿光峰降低.这可能归于ZnO中氧空位的减少.通过对原始样品和经过退火处理样品的荧光光谱的研究得出,样品的绿光发射归于氧空位.     

Zn1-xMnxS 纳米颗粒的制备及发光性质

水热法制备Mn离子掺杂的ZnS(ZnS∶Mn)纳米颗粒,研究不同比例掺杂Mn离子对Zn_(1-x)Mn_xS纳米颗粒光致发光性质的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的物相和形貌进行分析表征,结果显示Zn1-xMnxS(x=0、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.10)为六方纤锌矿结构的球形纳米晶,晶粒大小均匀,粒径在15~20nm之间.室温下,用350nm波长的紫外光激发Zn1-xMnxS纳米粒子,可以得到浅施主能级与锰t2能级之间的跃迁产生的蓝色发光,发光强度随锰掺杂量的增大先增强后减弱,发射峰位随锰掺杂量的变化有一定移动.究其原因可能与硫空位有关,硫空位影响ZnS的浅施主能级,锌锰比对硫空位的数量和能级位置有一定影响.     

ZnS:Mn~(2+)纳米棒的结构及光学性能研究

利用一步溶剂热的方法合成六角结构的ZnS以及ZnS:Mn2+纳米棒.通过XRD,SEM,PL,UV-VIS等测试手段对样品结构和光学性能进行表征.结果表明所合成的纳米棒尺寸在10~15 nm.锰的发射峰(4T1-6A1跃迁)位在589 nm.     

激光辅助刻蚀硅锗合金样品生成低维片状结构的PL发光

我们用激光辐照辅助电化学刻蚀法在硅锗合金上形成了多种氧化低维纳米结构,特别是硅锗合金薄膜裂解后生成条形片状结构,其条形片表面有纳米颗粒分布。发现这些纳米颗粒经空气氧化后在波长为760nm和866nm处有较强的光致荧光(PL)峰,高温退火后其PL峰(643nm和678nm)有明显的蓝移。实验结果支持量子受限(QC)发光模型。该项工作为制备硅和锗的强发光材料提供了新的方法。     

Nd掺杂ZnO薄膜的制备及室温光致发光研究

通过射频磁控溅射技术在Si(111)衬底上制备了Nd掺杂ZnO薄膜.XRD和AFM分析表明,Nd掺杂没有改变ZnO结构,薄膜为纳米多晶结构.随Nd掺杂量的增加颗粒减小,表面粗糙,起伏较大.室温光致发光谱显示,薄膜出现了395 nm的强紫光峰和495 nm的弱绿光峰,Nd掺杂量和氧分压对PL谱发射峰强度产生了一定影响.     

氧化锌纳米材料的机械法制备及其光学性能研究

采用滚压振动磨在干法室温状态下大批量制备了氧化锌纳米材料,分别利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对样品晶体结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,ZnO纳米颗粒平均粒径约为60 nm,材料结晶良好,无杂质.室温下光致发光(PL)谱显示,在390 nm处有近带边紫外发射峰,这属于激子态发光;同时,在510 nm处有较弱的绿光发射峰,而强度最强的是位于648 nm处的红光发射峰,这两种发射属于表面缺陷态发光.UV-Vis吸收光谱表明,产物在紫外区有很强的紫外吸收,吸收峰出现了蓝移现象,这种蓝移验证了材料存在键断裂等表面缺陷态.Raman光谱表明非极性光学声子模位于437.6com-1处,纵向光学模(LO)峰位于583.6 cm-1处.     

退火温度对ZnO/SiO_2复合薄膜结构及光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法在玻璃衬底上制备ZnO/SiO2(ZSO)复合薄膜,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和光致发光(PL)谱对样品的形貌、晶体结构、透过率及光致发光性能进行表征.SEM结果表明,样品为双层结构,随着退火温度的升高,颗粒变大,并产生团聚现象;XRD结果表明,样品经退火处理后生成六方纤锌矿型ZnO,衍射峰强度和晶粒尺寸随退火温度的升高而增大;UV-Vis结果表明,样品同时具有ZnO和SiO2特征吸收边,双层复合薄膜中ZnO和SiO2两种不同材料的能带不连续导致360nm附近的曲线不平滑,并使能带蓝移,经400℃退火处理后的样品透过率较高;PL谱结果表明,在355nm波长激发下,样品分别在紫外区和蓝光区域产生发射峰,随着退火温度的升高,样品内缺陷密度减小,由缺陷引起的发光强度减弱.     

“枣核”状碳化硅纳米颗粒的光致发光性质研究

以废弃的玉米苞叶和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,硝酸镍为助剂,通过碳热还原反应制备出"枣核"状碳化硅纳米颗粒。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和PL对所得样品进行了表征。结果表明,所得样品为"枣核"状β-Si C纳米颗粒,直径尺寸介于(20~50)nm,长度约为(80~200)nm。激发波长为290 nm时,样品具有最强的发射峰。当激发波长从290 nm增加到330 nm时,发射峰位置发生了明显的红移;当激发波长从330 nm增加到390 nm时,发射峰位置出现了明显的蓝移。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.