面齿轮副扭转振动建模与分析

面齿轮副在航空领域和汽车领域具有重要的应用前景。扭转振动问题是面齿轮副的核心问题之一。该文研究了面齿轮副扭转振动的建模与分析方法。建立了单输入单输出面齿轮副扭转振动模型,该模型包含非对称时变啮合刚度、间隙非线性、静态传动误差等因素。基于加载接触分析,提出面齿轮副扭转啮合刚度的计算方法,并对某型面齿轮副的非对称时变啮合刚度进行了计算。通过与Abaqus有限元动力学计算结果进行对比,验证了扭转振动模型的有效性。基于所建立的模型,分析了面齿轮副设计状态时的动态特性,研究了啮合刚度、啮合间隙、静态传动误差、扭矩波动等因素对面齿轮副动态特性的影响,以及面齿轮副蕴含的非线性动力学响应。结果表明:所提出的面齿轮副扭转振动建模方法是有效的,所建立的模型能够用于研究面齿轮副的啮合特性、动态特性,指导以及校核面齿轮副的设计。     

太阳轮偏心误差对人字齿行星传动动态特性影响

以人字齿行星齿轮为研究对象,考虑人字齿轮实际结构,基于集中参数理论,建立计入各个构件轴向振动的人字齿轮行星传动广义动力学模型,建模中考虑制造偏心误差和齿廓误差、轴承支撑刚度、轮齿时变啮合刚度和陀螺效应等影响因素.该模型可用于具有不同类型制造误差和任意数目行星轮的人字齿行星传动振动性能分析.采用数值算法求解系统受迫振动响应,分别分析了时域和频域动态响应.以太阳轮制造偏心误差Es为例,着重研究Es对人字齿行星传动动态特性影响规律.结果表明:制造误差Es增强了人字齿行星传动系统中的动态响应以及动态啮合力的波动.     

非正交面齿轮传动系统的耦合振动分析

为研究非正交面齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学特性,基于集中参数理论,建立包含齿侧间隙、传动误差、时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼、支撑刚度、支撑阻尼和激励频率等参数的弯-扭耦合非线性动力学模型.采用龙格库塔数值积分方法对系统的动力学方程进行求解,分析不同的激励频率对非正交面齿轮传动系统的动态响应的影响.通过对时间历程图、平面相图、Poincare截面图和FFT频谱图的分析和比较,传动系统会出现简谐响应、2周期次谐波响应、拟周期响应及混沌响应.     

宽斜齿轮多目标修形优化设计

通过理论齿面叠加修形曲面方法来设计斜齿轮修形齿面,根据齿轮接触分析、承载接触分析计算得到承载变形、接触线上的离散载荷及啮合刚度,应用弹流润滑剂理论确定离散点的局部摩擦系数,并通过Blok闪温公式获得齿面闪温,建立斜齿轮啮合型弯-扭-轴-摆10自由度动力学模型;以承载传动误差幅值、齿面闪温最小、齿面载荷均匀及振动加速度最小为目标,通过改进的粒子群优化算法确定了最佳修形齿面。结果表明:修形后齿轮副重合度增加,载荷均匀,齿面闪温分布明显改善;随转速、载荷的增加,啮合冲击逐渐增大,且随转速增加,啮合冲击激励较刚度激励的振动更加明显,因此共振的敏感性降低,多载荷承载传动误差幅值反映了振动随载荷变化趋势;修形后传动误差幅值、啮合冲击降低,因此有效降低了系统振动。     

面齿轮传动系统参数激励振动特性分析

为研究各参数对面齿轮传动系统动态特性的影响,建立了包含齿侧间隙、传动误差、时变啮合刚度、阻尼、支承和外激励等参数的系统弯扭耦合非线性动力学模型,结合非线性动力学数值分析理论求解并得到了系统在不同参数下的分岔特性。计算结果表明,增加齿侧间隙、时变啮合刚度和传动误差会导致系统动载荷明显增大,而增加啮合阻尼则能有效降低系统的动载荷。     

计及齿面摩擦的高功率密度齿轮传动效率分析

为考察齿面摩擦对高功率密度齿轮传动效率的影响,提出了一种基于虚拟样机方法的齿轮传动效率预测及动特性分析方法.考虑齿轮和转轴的柔性变形、齿轮时变啮合刚度,建立齿轮、转轴、轴承的柔性多体动力学模型,通过求解动力学方程得到齿轮传动系统的传动效率和动特性,并分析了齿面摩擦对直齿轮、斜齿轮、人字齿轮传动系统传动效率、动态特性的影响规律.结果表明:随着齿面摩擦系数的增加,接触应力增加,动态切向摩擦力变大;在高速工况下,人字齿轮接触应力最小,但传动效率高于斜、直齿轮.     

船用齿轮传动的动态优化设计

考虑齿轮副的时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼及轮齿的综合误差,建立了船用齿轮传动系统的动力学模型;将齿轮副接触线长度变化代替齿轮瞬时啮合刚度的变化,啮合阻尼和齿面摩擦等效为粘性阻尼以提高求解效率.并以齿轮的振动加速度和质量为目标函数,对船用齿轮传动进行多目标动态优化,有效降低船用齿轮的振动水平和质量.     

内载荷激励下齿轮系统分岔和混沌特性分析

建立了一种单自由度直齿轮副系统的非线性动力学模型,该模型综合考虑引起齿轮内载荷的时变啮合刚度、齿轮传动误差和啮合冲击等因素.运用五阶自适应Runge-Kutta方法给出了系统随内载荷变化的分岔图及其相对应的最大Lyapunov指数图,并结合相图、Poincare映射图、动载荷和FFT频谱图对系统的动力学特性进行了分析.结果表明,较小的内载荷有利于齿轮保持稳定的运行.另外,通过齿轮的动载荷历程,得到了齿轮的啮合冲击状态与系统参数之间的关系.     

齿轮中心双流传动系统的动力学分析

为了研究滑动摩擦和相位调谐对齿轮中心双流传动动力学的影响,建立了考虑时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼、齿面摩擦、啮合相位、支承刚度及支承阻尼的齿轮中心双流传动系统扭转-横向振动耦合模型.通过对齿轮副啮合过程的分析,推导了系统中与摩擦有关的计算公式,并采用数值仿真法研究了滑动摩擦、相位调谐对齿轮动态传动误差和支承动载荷的影响.研究结果表明:滑动摩擦对齿轮支承动载荷影响很大,采用相位调谐可有效地降低系统的动态传动误差及中心轮的支承动载荷.     

2K-H行星齿轮传动非线性动力学

为研究2K-H行星齿轮传动在外扭矩作用下受齿轮副啮合综合误差激励的非线性动力学特性,建立了间隙型非线性动力学模型,其中考虑了齿侧间隙和时变啮合刚度。用自适应变步长Gill数值积分方法对系统的动力学微分方程进行求解。以3行星轮的2K-H行星齿轮减速器为算例,得到系统在不同参数条件下的简谐、非简谐单周期、次谐波、准周期和混沌稳态强迫响应。利用时间历程、相平面、Poincaré映射以及Fourier频谱,表明行星齿轮传动由于齿侧间隙存在会呈现丰富的强非线性动力学行为。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-