赤霉素对水稻体内碳水化合物代谢的影响

本文从理论上阐明了赤霉素在水稻应用上的效果。水稻体内碳水化合物运转与累积过程是产量形成的代谢基础。施用赤霉素后,贮藏在鞘、茎内的碳水化合物含量较对照株下降迅速,而谷粒中累积的淀粉含量此对照株增长迅速,说明赤霉素能促进营养器官中碳水化合物向谷粒运转与再分配,从而提高结实率和千粒重。赤霉素对碳水化合物运转与累积的促进作用受到植株体内碳氮代谢水平以及外界环境条件的影响。因此,赤霉素对水稻的增产效果往往取决于多种因子的作用,其中掌握合理的农业措施具有重要意义。此外,赤霉素还能提高水稻伤流量,有增强根系活力的作用;叶片含氮量也受到赤霉素的影响。     

赤霉素诱导麻疯树雌雄花分化的研究

为了探究外源喷施赤霉素(GA₃)对麻疯树花芽分化的影响,寻求赤霉素诱导雌花分化的适宜浓度,提高雌花比例,以3个麻疯树无性系为材料,用不同浓度的赤霉素喷施麻疯树花序芽,调查与花枝生长、花芽分化以及果实特性相关的14个性状,并进行数据分析。结果表明:赤霉素处理后,花序中花枝并未增多,雌雄花数量以及雌雄花比例均高于对照,且40 mg/L的赤霉素处理效果最佳,可显著促进雌花发育; 单花序果实数量增加,单果均质量、出籽率、百粒质量和种子含油量均显著低于对照; 在试验范围内,随着赤霉素浓度的提高,麻疯树花枝逐渐枯萎,1 200 mg/L赤霉素处理后的花枝全部枯萎,无果实采收。赤霉素的处理效果比较稳定,40 mg/L赤霉素可显著促进雌花发育。     

水稻恶苗病菌发酵赤霉素的研究

以水稻恶苗病菌（Ｇｉｂｂｅｒｅｌｌａ ｆｕｊｉｋｕｒｏｉ）“８７６３”作为出发菌株，经菌种分离纯化及发酵培养基的优化后发酵 ９ｄ，赤霉素的效价达到 ２．１９０ｇ／Ｌ，比原出发菌株提高了４．３％，获得了赤霉素的结晶。还研究了影响赤霉素发酵的多种因素，包括发酵培养基中主要原料的最佳用量，初始ｐＨ；通气量，以及添加氨基酸对产品效价的影响，对赤霉素发酵全过程的生化曲线分析表明；赤霉素合成过程中．经历了两次大量合成阶段，碳源是决定赤霉素效价高低的主要因素。     

超声波和赤霉素对两种藏茵陈种子萌发能力的促进作用

为促进藏茵陈种子萌发,采用超声波、赤霉素、超声波和赤霉素相结合处理种子,研究3种处理对两种藏茵陈种子萌发能力的影响。结果表明:赤霉素浓度在1 000～2 000 mg/kg时,对种子萌发具有一定的促进作用,其中以浓度1 500 mg/kg处理效果较好;超声波处理20～40min,对种子的萌发均有一定的促进作用,其中以超声波35 min效果较好,种子发芽提前1～2d;超声波和赤霉素共同处理对种子发芽具有协同效应,其中以超声35 min、赤霉素浓度1 200 mg/kg效果较为明显。超声波、赤霉素、超声波和赤霉素相结合处理能够明显促进藏茵陈种子萌发。     

广东省水稻生产应用“920”(赤霉素)植物激素的概述

赤霉素(“920”又名“701”)是一种作用强大的值物激素。早在1926年就已发现它有促进水稻生长的作用,但直至1955年才开始生物合成和应用。我国在1957年便成功地分离出赤霉菌,在大跃进的形势下,曾一度掀起赤霉素生产与使用的群众性科学实验运动。当时,我系曾自行生产过液体赤霉素粗制品,并在新滘公社与     

赤霉素对几种固沙植物的效应

前言早在一九二六年,日本已经初步对赤霉素开始进行研究,由于第二次世界大战,使这项研究工作受到一定的阻碍,近年来,世界各国对于赤霉素的研究,又日益得到进展.我国在一九五八年大跃进中,对于赤霉素的研究实验已经普遍得到开展,由专门研究机构,一直到人民公社广泛的开展了这项工作的实验,据植物生理研究所1959年2月工作总结中,初步估计了我国各地,至少有500个单位以上,在进行赤霉素的试制及实验,并且取到了显著的成绩.     

赤霉素和氯吡脲的体外细胞及致突变毒性研究

赤霉素和氯吡脲作为高效的植物生长调节剂，被广泛用于水果果实的膨大和无核化生产中。为探究赤霉素和氯吡脲接触细胞后所发生的抑制细胞生长和致突变毒性作用，评价赤霉素和氯吡脲的损伤，利用人正常肝细胞(WRL68)对赤霉素和氯吡脲在细胞水平毒性做初步探究，通过小鼠淋巴瘤细胞(L5178Y)TK基因突变试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Ames试验对赤霉素和氯吡脲致突变性进行评价。研究结果表明，赤霉素和氯吡脲对WRL68细胞的半数抑制浓度分别为1.377 mg·mL^-1和57.72μg·mL^-1;赤霉素在4 mg·mL^-1、氯吡脲在100μg·mL^-1剂量下，未观察到致突变毒性。赤霉素和氯吡脲虽不同程度的抑制WRL68细胞增殖但是不存在致突变毒性。     

赤霉素对柳叶马鞭草种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

研究了赤霉素对3种柳叶马鞭草种子发芽的影响。结果表明,适当浓度赤霉素处理,能缩短柳叶马鞭草种子发芽时间,提高种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,也能促进幼苗的生长。其中,赤霉素对中度休眠的柳叶马鞭草"诀窍"种子发芽率、活力指数和发芽指数有显著的促进作用,以700 mg/L浓度的赤霉素处理6 h效果最佳。细叶柳叶马鞭草以浓度为500 mg/L的赤霉素处理12 h,发芽率、活力指数和发芽指数均最大。     

赤霉素GA3对小鼠机体氧化抗氧化系统平衡的影响

选择昆明种小鼠为试验动物,以超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶活性及丙二醛含量为观察指标,研究赤霉素GA3在剂量(197,394和788 mg/kg)暴露条件下,小鼠脾脏、肝脏和心脏组织是否发生氧化应激.结果表明,394和788 mg/kg每千克体重bw剂量组脾脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶活性有所下降,与对照组相比,分别降低了21.01%,29.02%和23.36%,35.03%,与对照组相比差异显著;肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶活性分别降低了9.01%,13.05%和12.81%,16.17%,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05,P<0.01).同时赤霉素GA3处理后丙二醛含量显著升高,394,788 mg/kg bw剂量处理组脾脏和肝脏分别升高了19.06%,23.61%和22.33%,26.39%,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05,P<0.01);肾脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶活性有所上升,与对照组相比,分别上升了22.34%和40.20%,丙二醛含量有所下降,与对照组相比分别下降了35.93%和30.05%;另外,赤霉素GA3处理后,对心脏的氧化应激作用与对照组相比差异不显著.表明赤霉素对小鼠不同组织器官的氧化应激表现不同,对肝脏、脾脏有氧化损伤作用,对心脏作用不明显.     

大孔树脂回收赤霉素废液中的赤霉素

通过静态吸附和洗脱实验,筛选出XAD-8树脂回收赤霉素废液中的赤霉素;当吸附流速控制在2mL／min,吸附完毕后使用70％乙醇洗脱,赤霉素回收率达90％以上,洗脱液经浓缩干燥后,赤霉素纯度达80％以上。     

通过差减文库筛选山羊羔肠道淋巴集结特异表达基因

羊羔肠道淋巴集合淋巴结（Peyer's patch，以下简称PP），是B淋巴细胞的主要来源地和发育、成熟场所，兼具中枢淋巴器官和周围淋巴器官的功能.采用抑制性差减杂交（suppression subtractive hybridization，SSH）方法，构建山羊羔肠道淋巴集结与其非PP肠壁组织的差减 cDNA 文库，以期找到在山羊羔肠道淋巴集结中特异表达的与免疫相关的基因. 分别从山羊羔PP与非PP肠壁组织提取总RNA，反转录成cDNA，以PP作为待检组织(tester)，非PP肠壁作为驱动组织(driver)，经过两轮杂交和抑制性PCR扩增，产物与T载体连接，经蓝白斑筛选，提取质粒,经EcoRI酶切鉴定插入片段并测序,由此构建了两种组织间差异表达基因的差减cDNA文库. 对其中160个克隆测序，得到几个可能与免疫相关的基因，为进一步从中挑选和表达活性蛋白基因用于生产免疫增强剂奠定了基础.     

Analysis of gene expression patterns with cDNA microarray during late stage of spermatogenesis in mice

The differentiation process of round spermatids to spermatozoa during the late stage of spermatogenesis is called spermiogenesis. To explore spermiogenesis-related genes, cDNA microarray was used to study expression patterns of 1176 genes in pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids and elongating spermatids of Balb/c mice. The results showed that 208 genes were detected in all the three cell types. Most of them were down-regulated from pachytene spermatocytes to round spermatids and elongating spermatids. However, up-regulation of 7 genes expression in round spermatids and 3 genes in elongating spermatids were found. Expression of 7 differentially expressed genes in cDNA arrays was further confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR study. The RT-PCR results indicated that the expression of 6 genes was consistent with that in cDNA arrays, only one gene did not show differential expression by RT-PCR. These results may provide important clues for studying of expression, regulation, and function of spermiogenesis-related genes.     

Gene expression profiles of the developing human retina

Retinaplaysimportantrolesintheperception,proc-essandtransmissionofvisualsignalsandthefunctionsoftheretinadepend,toalargeextent,onitshighlyorganizedstructure.During3—6weeksinhumanembryogenesis,theneuralectodermgrowsoutfromthediencephalonstoformtheopticvesicleandtheninvaginatestoformtheopticcup.Theouterlayeroftheopticcupbecomesthenon-neuralretinalpigmentepithelium(RPE)andtheinnerlayerbecomestheneuralretina.RPEcellsproliferateslowlyandappeardifferentiatedandpigmentedasearlyas6—8weeksandremain…     

Identification of differentially expressed genes in esophageal cancer through SSH in combination with high throughput reverse Northern screening

To understand the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis of esophagus and to isolate genes with different expression levels in esophageal cancer, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was combined with PCR-based cDNA synthesis and reverse Northern on the cancer tissues and matched almost normal mucosa using 5 microgram of total RNA as starting marterial. Eight genes were found expressed differentially in esophageal cancer, in which 5 were known genes and 3 were novel ones; and 6 were down-regulated in cancer tissues, while 2 were up-regulated; 6 were of mid-high abundance and 2 were of low abundance in esophagus. The results revealed that alteration in expression level of multiple genes underlied the initiation and development of esophageal cancer. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study such as liporcotinⅠ, cystatin A, cystatin B, cytokeratin 13 may play roles in dedifferentiation, transformation and malignant proliferation of esophageal cancer. The combination of SSH with PCR-based double- strand cDNA synthesis and high throughput reverse Northern screening is an efficient way to isolate differentially expressed genes from microgram of total RNA.     

Proteomic analysis of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella under different growth phases and conditions

Alexandrium is a widely spread dinoflagellate genus throughout many regions of the world,which not only causes the harmful algal blooms(HABs) but also results in the paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP) throughout the world.This study compared protein profiles of A.catenella grown under different growth phases and conditions using a proteomic approach,and identified the differentially expressed proteins.The results showed that the expressions of proteins identified in three different regions of the gels,the groups 1,2 and 3 proteins,varied significantly with the growth phases and conditions.Group 1 proteins and six Group 2 proteins were highly expressed at the initial,exponential and stationary growth phases,eight Group 2 proteins were highly expressed only at the initial phase,and Group 3 proteins were highly expressed at the exponential and/or stationary phases.However,all these proteins were expressed at low levels or were barely visible at the dissipation phase.The expressions of groups 1 and 2 proteins were low or barely visible in various growth conditions except in continuous darkness they were highly expressed.Group 3 proteins,on the other hand,were overexpressed in continuous illumination and expressed at low levels or barely visible in continuous darkness or under nitrate-starvation.The data from MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry demonstrated that these differentially expressed proteins were associated with macromolecular biosynthesis,photosynthesis,tRNA synthesis and DNA stability,stress response and cell division regulation.Synthetase was the major component of the altered proteins.This is one of the first comprehensive proteomic study of a dinoflagellate,A.catenella,that provides a fundamental understanding of the proteins involved in A.catenella growth and response to environmental stresses,and potential physiological indicator proteins related to growth and environmental stress have been identified.     

Microarray-Based Differential Expression Monitoring of 79 Novel Genes in Human Fetal Tissues

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Comparative proteomic analysis of the response in resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines to infection by Curvularia lunata

Proteins differentially expressed from maize leaves in response to the infection by Curvularia lunata strain CX-3 were identified through a high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) method. Two inbred lines, 78599-1 and E28, were used, respectively, as resistant and susceptible lines to CX-3 infection. Proteins were extracted from the fourth leaves of six- or seven-leaf stage plants sampled at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after inoculation with CX-3. Twenty-seven differentially expressed protein spots resolved on the 2-DE gels were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. The results showed that these proteins are associated with photosynthesis, respiration,oxidative and drought stress tolerance as well as signal transduction in maize. Among stress-related proteins, the 22 kDa drought-inducible protein, putative glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and translation initiation factor (eIF-5A) were up-regulated in the resistant inbred line and were implicated in host defense response to C. lunata infection. It suggests that drought-inducible and oxidation stress-related proteins might directly contribute to maize resistance to C. lunata.