Electrochemical studies of glutathione monolayer assembled on a polycrystalline gold electrode

The glutathione (GSH) monolayer and complex monolayer of GSH-metallic ion on polycrystalline gold electrode were studied by using K₃Fe(CN)₆ as the redox probe. As for the GSH monolayer, it was found that the metallic ions could open the ion-gate in the monolayer dramatically in the order La³⁺> Pb²⁺>>Ba²⁺>Ca²⁺ whereas Zn²⁺ ion closed the ion-gate. The complexes of GSH-metallic ions were capable of self-assembling the different kind of monolayer. All the differences were related to the structural configuration of the anchored GSH molecule, which changed with different metallic ions or pH. Biography:Fang Cheng (1971-) male, Ph. D, research direction: electroanlysis.     

Influence of growth conditions on the electrochemical synthesis of SnS thin films and their optical properties

Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were prepared by electrodeposition onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates using an aqueous solution containing SnCl₂ and Na₂S₂O₃ at various deposition potentials (E) and bath concentrations. The pH value and temperature of the solution were kept constant. The deposited films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The FESEM images demonstrated that changes in the deposition potential (E) and solution concentration led to marked changes in the morphology of the deposited SnS films. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) results showed that the Sn/S atomic ratio strongly depended on both the solution concentration and the deposition potential. To obtain an Sn/S atomic ratio approximately equal to 1, the optimal Sn2+/S₂O₃2- molar ratio and E parameter were 1/8 and -1.0 V, respectively. The XRD patterns showed that the synthesized SnS was obviously polycrystalline, with an orthorhombic structure. The effects of the variations of bath concentration and deposition potential on the band-gap energy (E_g) were studied using PL and UV–Vis experiments. The PL spectra of all the SnS films contained two peaks in the visible region and one peak in the infrared (IR) region. The UV–Vis spectra showed that the optical band-gap energy varies from 1.21 to 1.44 eV.     

Kinetics of thiocyanate orientation conversion on Pt surface studied by in situ step-scan time-resolved microscope FTIR spectroscopy

Fast surface dynamic processes of thiocyanate adsorbed on a nanostructured Pt microelectrode were studied by in situ step-scan time-resolved microscope FTIR spectroscopy(in situ SSTR-MFTIRS) at a time resolution of 100 s.It was found that SCN adsorbs preferentially on Pt surface through N atom at low potential,while through S atom at high potential.The potential-induced orientation conversion between N-and S-bounded forms is very reversible,and occurs only within 2 ms after potential alternation.However,the rate constant(4*103s-1) of conversion from N-to S-bounded adsorption is nearly double to that of the reverse process(2*103s-1).The difference in kinetics of two processes may be explained through the hard-soft acid-base principle.     

不同公司的硫堇样品在玻碳电极上的电聚合及电化学行为

选择国内外3个不同公司的硫堇,利用循环伏安法对硫堇电聚合膜（PTH）进行了研究.实验中发现,利用购于不同公司的硫堇在玻碳电极（GCE）表面制备的电聚合硫堇膜表现出不同的电化学行为,用Sigma公司和上海国药公司硫堇制备的聚硫堇修饰玻碳电极（PTH/GCE）的循环伏安图出现1对氧化还原峰,而利用Alfa Aesar公司硫堇制备的PTH/GCE出现了2对氧还原峰.实验中考察了扫描电位范围以及pH条件对PTH/GCE电化学行为的影响.结果表明,在GCE上,电聚合TH的最佳扫描电位范围为-0.45～0.15V,Sigma公司和上海国药公司TH电聚合的最佳酸度条件为pH 6.0,而Aalfa Aesar公司TH电聚合的酸度条件为pH 7.0.所得到的实验结果对生物传感器的研究与应用具有一定参考价值.     

纳米Pt/Graphene复合电极的制备及对甲醇电催化性能的影响

采用一步还原法制备直接甲醇燃料电池纳米Pt/graphene (Pt/G)阳极. XRD和SEM表征表明Pt纳米均匀分散于石墨烯表面.循环伏安和计时电流的电化学测定结果表明:复合纳米Pt/G的催化活性和稳定性优于纯铂;采用计时电量法测定298 K时甲醇在硫酸溶液中扩散系数为1.37×10-9 cm2·s-1,以及在不同阶跃电位下甲醇催化氧化反应速率常数k_f.      

Synthesis of the CuInSe2 thin film for solar cells using the electrodeposition technique and Taguchi method

The Taguchi method was used to obtain the optimum electrodeposition parameters for the synthesis of the CuInSe₂ thin film for solar cells. The parameters consist of annealing temperature, current density, CuCl₂ concentration, FeCl₃ concentration, H₂SeO₃ concentration, TEA amount, pH value, and deposition time. The experiments were carried out according to an L₁₈(2137) table An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were respectively used to analyze the phases and observe the microstructure and the grain size of the CuInSe₂ film before and after annealing treatment. The results showed that the CuInSe₂ phase was deposited with a preferred plane (112) parallel to the substrate surface. The optimum parameters are as follows: current density, 7 mA/cm 2 ; CuCl₂ concentration, 10 mM; FeCl₃ concentration, 50 mM; H₂SeO₃ concentration, 15 mM; TEA amount, 0 mL; pH value, 1.65; deposition time, 10 min; and annealing temperature, 500℃.     

凹土在不同条件下改性后对Cr6+吸附性能的研究

通过采用不同的处理方法制备改性凹土，并研究改性后的凹土对Cr⁶⁺的吸附率。在凹土进行酸洗和活化的预处理之后，采用十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（以下简称OTMAB）对凹土用不同的处理方法进行改性。用改性后的凹土吸附Cr⁶⁺，并采用二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定吸附率。实验结果表明，随着OTMAB用量的增加改性凹土对Cr⁶⁺的吸附率先增大后减小，不同的溶剂，最大吸附率处的OTMAB用量不一致。实验最后用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对每种处理方法中吸附效果较好的凹土及原土进行了表征。     

蓝宝石衬底上酞菁铜薄膜的生长及相变研究

 采用真空蒸发沉积方法在Al₂O₃衬底上生长CuPc薄膜,用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见光分光光度计多种测试手段表征薄膜的结构,研究不同沉积速率、不同膜厚和衬底温度对CuPc薄膜结构的影响.研究结果表明：CuPc薄膜的晶粒尺寸随沉积速率的增大而减小,薄膜越厚,结晶度越高,CuPc薄膜退火温度约为250℃时发生相变,由原来的亚稳态α-CuPc晶型结构转变为稳定的β-CuPc晶型结构.
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Controllable fabrication of Au micro/nanostructures on self-doped polyaniline nanofibers via electrochemical deposition and its application for DNA immobilization

Four electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetric deposition, potentiostatic electrodeposition, multi-potential step electrodeposition and three-step electrodeposition, were used to fabricate Au micro/nanostructures on self-doped polyaniline nanofibers-coated glassy carbon electrodes (Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs). The Au micro/nanostructures deposited on the nanoSPAN-modified electrodes were shown by scanning electron microscopy to exhibit different morphologies, such as Au nanoparticle clusters, monodisperse nanoparticles and homogeneously dispersed flower-like microparticles, depending on the deposition method. This phenomenon demonstrates that control over the morphology of Au metal can be easily achieved by adjusting the electrodeposition method. The electrochemical behaviors of the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs also varied with above four methods, which were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In comparison with Au nanoparticle clusters and monodisperse Au nanoparticles, homogeneously dispersed flower-like Au microparticles had the largest surface area and obviously enhanced electrochemical response towards the redox reactions of [Fe(CN)₆]^3?/4? on the modified electrode. DNA immobilization on the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry using [Fe(CN)₆]^3?/4? as an indicator. The efficiency of DNA immobilization was inherently related to their different Au micro/nanostructure morphologies. The Au/nano-SPAN/GCE fabricated by three-step electrodeposition showed the largest capacity for immobilization of single stranded DNA, which makes it a promising DNA biosensor.     

Li~+/TiO_2/ITO工作电极的制备及其异相反应动力学特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法在ITO导电玻璃基片表面制备一层TiO2薄膜,将其作为工作电极,与作为参比电极的饱和甘汞电极、作为辅助电极的铂黑电极、作为电解质溶液的碳酸丙烯酯+高氯酸锂一起构成三电极测试体系.采用原子力显微镜和X射线衍射仪对薄膜进行了表征,测试了在电极电势分别在±0.5 V,±1.0 V和±2.0 V时的循环伏安曲线.结果表明,扫描电位在±2 V时,循环伏安曲线出现明显的Li+注入峰和抽出峰,Li+在电解质溶液和TiO2层中的扩散速度是电极过程动力学的决速步骤;而扫描电位在±1 V和±0.5 V时,循环伏安曲线没出现Li+注入峰和抽出峰,工作电极电位是电极过程动力学的决速步骤;研究工作电极的...     

Simple method to rapidly fabricate chain-like carbon nanotube films and its field emission properties

A simple process to fabricate chain-like carbon nanotube (CNT) films by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) was developed successfully. Prior to deposition, the Ti/Al₂O₃ substrates were ground with Fe-doped SiO₂ powder. The nano-structure of the deposited films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The field electron emission characteristics of the chain-like carbon nanotube films were measured under the vacuum of 10-5 Pa. The low turn-on field of 0.80 V/μm and the emission current density of 8.5 mA/cm2 at the electric field of 3.0 V/μm are obtained. Based on the above results, chain-like carbon nanotube films probably have important applications in cold cathode materials and electrode materials.     

Photocatalytic degradation pathways and adsorption modes of H-acid in TiO2 suspensions

Effect of adsorption mode on photodegradation of H-acid in TiO2 suspension was studied using DFT calculation,UV-Vis spec-troscopy,FTIR,and ionic chromatography.At pH 2.5,H-acid was adsorbed on TiO2 surfaces by one dissociated sulfonic group.The adsorbed sulfonic group was attacked by surface ·OH,resulting in the production of SO42-and the cleavage of the naphtha-lene ring.At pH 5.0,H-acid was adsorbed on TiO2 surfaces by two sulfonic groups.The two adsorbed sulfonic groups were sim-ultaneously attacked by surface ·OH,leading to a faster initial production of SO42-and initial degradation rate of H-acid than those under pH 2.5.Microscopic adsorption structures may be more important than adsorption amount in controlling the photo-degradation pathways of organic pollutants.     

Voltammetric response and electrocatalysis of glassy carbon electrode modified with monolayer nickel hydroxide

The glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with a monolayer nickel hydroxide (GC/Ni(OH)₂) was prepared by immersion of GC substrate in 1.0×10⁻³ mol/L NiSO₄ solution, and then cyclic voltammetric scanning in 0.20 mol/L KOH. Similarly, GC/Co (OH)₂ electrode was prepared too. The experiments showed that the voltammetric behavior of GC/Ni (OH)₂ electrode in 0.20 mol/L KOH is more stable than that of GC/Co(OH)₂. It was found that the GC/Ni(OH)₂ electrode acts as an effective electrocatalysis for the oxidation of hydrazine. Supported by the Trans-Century Training Program Foundation for the Talents from the State Commission of Education of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China Liu Shouqing: born in Dec. 1962. Postgraduate     

Ohmic contact properties of p-type surface conductive layer on H-terminated diamond films prepared by DC arc jet CVD

With the advantages of high deposition rate and large deposition area, polycrystalline diamond films prepared by direct current (DC) arc jet chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are considered to be one of the most promising materials for high-frequency and high-power electronic devices. In this paper, high-quality self-standing polycrystalline diamond films with the diameter of 100 mm were prepared by DC arc jet CVD, and then, the p-type surface conductive layer with the sheet carrier density of 1011-1013 cm?2 on the H-terminated diamond film was obtained by micro-wave hydrogen plasma treatment for 40 min. Ti/Au and Au films were deposited on the H-terminated diamond surface as the ohmic contact electrode, respectively, afterwards, they were treated by rapid vacuum annealing at different temperatures. The properties of these two types of ohmic contacts were investigated by measuring the specific contact resistance using the transmission line method (TLM). Due to the formation of Ti-related carbide at high temperature, the specific contact resistance of Ti/Au contact gradually decreases to 9.95 × 10?5 Ω·cm2 as the temperature increases to 820℃. However, when the annealing temperature reaches 850℃, the ohmic contact for Ti/Au is degraded significantly due to the strong diffusion and reaction between Ti and Au. As for the as-deposited Au contact, it shows an ohmic contact. After annealing treatment at 550℃, low specific contact resistance was detected for Au contact, which is derived from the enhancement of interdiffusion between Au and diamond films.     

Fabrication of high quality strained SiGe on Si substrate by RPCVD

In this study,the growth kinetics of SiGe in a reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition system using dichlorosilane(SiH2Cl2) and germane(GeH4) as the Si and Ge precursors were investigated.The SiGe growth rate and Ge content were found to depend on the deposition temperature,GeH4 flow and reactor chamber pressure.The SiGe growth rate escalates with increasing deposition temperature,while the Ge content is reduced.The SiGe growth rate accelerates with increasing GeH4 flow,while the Ge content increases more slowly.According to the experimental data,a new relationship between Ge content(x) and F(GeH4)/F(SiH2Cl2) mass flow ratio is deduced:x2.5/(1x) = nF(GeH4)/F(SiH2Cl2).The SiGe growth rate and Ge content improve with increasing reactor chamber pressure.By selecting proper precursor flows and reactor pressure,SiGe films with the same Ge content can be fabricated at various temperatures.However,the quality of the SiGe crystals is clearly dependent on the deposition temperature.At lower deposition temperature,higher crystalline quality is achieved.Because the growth rate dramatically drops with lower temperatures,the optimum growth temperature must be a compromise between the crystalline quality and the growth rate.X-ray diffraction,Raman scattering spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy results indicate that 650°C is the optimum temperature for fabrication of Si0.75Ge0.25 film.     

Surface modification of Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by microarc oxidation to improve high-temperature oxidation resistance

Microarc oxidation(MAO)electrolysis plasma deposition was used to prepare Al_2O_3coatings on Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys to improve high temperature oxidation resistance.The surface and cross-section morphologies before and after high-temperature oxidation,the chemical composition,and the phase identification of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe microanalyses(EPMA),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that Al_2O_3coatings with a thickness of approximately 8μm can be obtained on the Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by MAO for 600 s.The samples with the Al_2O_3coatings exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance.A minimal weight gain of only 0.396 g/m~2after 100 h oxidation at 900°C was observed for the coatings formed with a deposition voltage of 400 V and using a duty cycle of 3%.The deposition mechanism of the Al_2O_3coatings and the effect of the MAO parameters are also described.     

Preparation and photo-catalytic activity of TiO2-coated medical stone-based porous ceramics

Medical stone-based porous ceramics as a carrier were prepared by ultra-fine grinding and low-temperature sintering method. Nano-TiO₂ thin films were loaded on the carrier by chemical liquid deposition method using titanium tetrachloride as a precursor. The micro-morphology and microstructure of the synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, and mercury injection method. The photo-catalytic activity of the TiO₂ thin films was investigated by degrading formaldehyde. The main crystalline phase in the TiO₂ thin films calcined at 550°C is anatase with the average particle size about 10 nm. The specific surface area of the carrier-coated nano-TiO₂ increases from 3.68 to 5.32 m²/g. The formaldehyde removal rate of the TiO₂/medical stone-based porous ceramics irradiated under an ultraviolet lamp for 120 min reaches 85.6%.     

Biosorption of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） by Auricularia polytricha

For searching biological material for heavy metal removal of waste-water, using macrofungus Auricularia polytricha as biosorbent for Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ removal was investigated. After shaking and biosorbing Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ in solution by biosorbents, the filtrates were tested by AAS and the adsorbed quantity of Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ was calculated. The biosorbents were effective in removal of Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ on the biosorbents that showed a high- est value around pH 5-6. The biosorption rate of Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ on A. polytricha biomass decreased with increasing the initial concentration of Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ in the medium. The biosorption of Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ on the biomasses follows pseudo-second order kinetics. The determined maximum biosorption capacities presented by the fungus biomass were 3.34 and 13.03 mg·g^-1 dry weight for Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋, respectively by the biosorption equilibrium with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. According to the whole data analysis in each experiment of studying Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ biosorption including condition factors and adsorption isotherm, the adsorbed capacity of Pb^2＋ by A. polytricha biomass was bigger than Cu^2＋. The biosorption by A. polytricha was most effective when pH 5-6. The biosorbents are suitable for low Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ concentration waste-water, especially for Pb^2＋ removal.     

A breakthrough of researching reservoir adsorption gas and its significance

GC-C-MS on linear isotope analysis equipment makes it possible to measure the hydrocarbon gases at the level of 10 -3-10 -2 μL- By applying this technique the carbon isotopes of C1-C3 of the adsorbed gas from the Triassic oil sand bed of the Aican-l Well in the Turpan-Hami basin were analysed. The δ13C values of C1-C3, are -55.1‰, -38.6‰ and -35.0‰ respectively. In terms of geochemical characteristics of natural gases and crude oils, in combination with basinal geological backgrounds, it is considered that the reservoir adsorbed gas was formed by crude-oil biodegradation, absorbed by reservoir rocks and its oil-gas source is related with the Permain (perhaps including the Carboniferous). The adsorbed gas is obviously different from the Jurassic coal-generated oil and gas.     

137Cs tracing of lacustrine sediments in the Dalian Lake, Qinghai Province, China

Based upon the analysis of Cs and grain-size parameters, the total amounts of ¹³⁷Cs deposition by wind and water in the Dalian Lake of Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province are defined. The vertical profile of ¹³⁷Cs in the lacustrine sediments exhibits three ¹³⁷Cs activity maxima and one minimum. The major maximum corresponds to the global ¹³⁷Cs fallout in 1963; the two secondary maxima correspond to the leakage of the Chernobyl reactor in 1986 and complete desiccation of the lake in 1994, respectively. The minimum corresponds to aeolian deposition caused by extensive reclamation in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The 137Cs data set was used to evaluate average sedimentation rate of the Dalian Lake since 1963. The deposition was stable in 1963-1986 and 1994-1998, and it was rapid during 1986-1994. This preliminary study reveals that l37Cs has the same potential to trace environmental changes introduce by human interference in arid/semiarid regions as in humid regions.