Characteristics of Pb<Superscript>2+</Superscript> biosorption with aerobic granular biomass

Experimental studies were conducted on the feasibility of aerobic granular biomass as a novel type of biosorbent for Pb^2＋ removal. The results show that the initial pH, Pb^2＋ concentration （Co） and biomass concentration （X0） affected the biosorption process significantly. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models describe the biosorption process accurately, with correlation coefficients of 0.932 and 0.959 respectively. The Pb^2＋ biosorpUon kinetics is interpreted as having two stages, with the second stage described reasonably well by a Lagergren pseudo-second order model. Moreover, the surface change of granular biomass after the Pb^2＋ biosorption process appears to be caused by ion exchange and metal chelation according to the analysis results of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy （ESEM） and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy （EDX）.     

Characteristics of Pb~(2 ) biosorption with aerobic granular biomass

Experimental studies were conducted on the feasibility of aerobic granular biomass as a novel type of biosorbent for Pb2 removal. The results show that the initial pH, Pb2 concentration (C0) and biomass concentration (X0) affected the biosorption process significantly. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models describe the biosorption process accurately, with correlation coefficients of 0.932 and 0.959 respectively. The Pb2 biosorption kinetics is interpreted as having two stages, with the second stage described reasonably well by a Lagergren pseudo-second order model. Moreover, the surface change of granular biomass after the Pb2 biosorption process appears to be caused by ion exchange and metal chelation according to the analysis results of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX).     

Recovery Properties of Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Chelating Membrane Modified with Thiourea for Mercury （ Ⅱ ）

The adsorption isotherms of the polysulfone hollow fiber chelating membrane modified with thionrea as chelating groups for Hg^2＋ were determined. The effects of mobile phase conditions and the operating parameters on removal performance of the chelating membrane for Hg^2＋ were also investigated. The recovery of Hg^2＋ decreased at low pH and the optimum range of pH was from 6 to 7. The feed concentration effected on recovery of Hg^2＋ at the specified loading amount of Hg^2＋. The Hg^2＋ could be removed from different concentration feed solution by chelating membrane. The increase of feed flow rate led to slight decrease of recovery of Hg^2＋ at the specified loading amount of Hg^2＋. The chelating membrane could be operated at height feed flow rate and a large-scale removal of H^2＋ could be realized. With the increase of load amount, Hg^2＋ recovery decreased, but the saturation degree of chelating membrane increased. According to required recovery of H^2＋ and the saturation degree of chelating membrane, the optimum loading amount of Hg^2＋ should be selected in the actual removal of H^2＋.     

Adsorption recovery of Ag(I) and Au(III) from an electronics industry wastewater on a clay mineral composite

The aim of this work is to investigate the ability of an adsorbent of a clay mineral composite to remove and recover gold and silver ions from wastewater. The composite was prepared by mixing phosphogypsum (PG), obtained from an industrial waste, and a natural clay mineral. The materials were characterized before and after use in adsorption by several techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out, and the effects of the contact time and the pH and temperature of solution on the removal processes were investigated. The optimum pH for the adsorption was found to be 4. The adsorption of these metal ions reached equilibrium after 2 h of contact. The pseudo-first- and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models, as well as the Freundlich and the Langmuir isotherm equations, were considered to describe the adsorption results. The maximum adsorbed amount of 85 mg·g-1 Ag(I) and 108.3 mg·g-1 Au(Ⅲ) was found. The recovery of the adsorbed gold and silver ions from the adsorbent was also analyzed. Strong acids appeared to be the best desorption agents to recover gold and silver ions. The use of aqua regia gave regeneration rates close to 95.3% and 94.3% for Ag(I) and Au(Ⅲ), respectively. Finally, the removal of gold and silver ions from an industrial wastewater was tested in batch experiments, and percentage recoveries of 76.5% and 79.9% for Ag(I) and Au(Ⅲ), respectively, were obtained. To carry out the industrial application of the proposed methodology, an economic viability study is required.     

Equilibrium,Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto a Metal-Organic Frameworks Material,Copper Coordination Polymer with Dithiooxamide

The equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption of methylene blue （MB） from aqueous solution onto copper coordination polymer with dithiooxamide （H2dtoaCu） , one of the metal-organic frameworks （MOFs）, were investigated in a batch adsorption system as a function of initial pH, adsorbent concentration, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The Langmnir, Freundlich, and Dubinin- Radushkevich （D-R） isotherm models were used for modeling the adsorption equilibrium. It was found that Langmuir model yielded a much better fit than the Freundlich model under different temperatures. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of MB were 192.98, 229.86, and 297.38 mg/g at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. The calculated mean adsorption energy （8.26- 11.04 kJ/mol） using D-R model indicated that the adsorption process might take place by chemical adsorption mechanism. Otherwise, the kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process could be well explained by pseudo-second-order rate kinetics and intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic studies indicated that this system was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic process. Based on these studies, H2dtoaCu can be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solution.     

The comparison of Cu（ll） adsorption capability of baker＇s yeast,nano-titania and their composite adsorbent

The anatase nano-TiO2 powder, with crystal size between 40 and 80 nm, was prepared by the liquid phase hydrolysis of TiCI4. At the same time, the nano-TiO2 was utilized with the baker＇s yeast biomass as a composite adsorbent to adsorb the Cu ions in the artificial aqueous solution. The investigation showed that the composite adsorbent had a fine adsorption efficiency. The TiO2 in the composite adsorbent could cooperate well with baker＇s yeast to improve the adsorbing capability of Cu^2＋ under the following experimental conditions as well： a quantity of composite adsorbent of 5 g·L^-1, pH≥4.0, an adsorption time of 40 min and an initial concentration of Cu ions of 10 mg·L^-1. In addition, the results of measurements, obtained with a scanning electron microscope, an infrared spectrophotometer and a Zeta potential analyzer, revealed that the baker＇s yeast and nano-TiO2 produced the composite adsorbent through coordination and hydrogen bonds in particular, etc. The stability of the composite adsorbent and the amount of titania loaded were largely dependent on the concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution.     

Adsorption of Fluoride Ion by Inorganic Cerium Based Adsorbent

Excess of fluoride in drinking water is harmful to human health, the concentration of F^- ions must be maintained in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L. An inorganic cerium based adsorbent (CTA) is developed on the basis of research of adsorption of fluoride on cerium oxide hydrate. Some adsorption of fluoride by CTA adsorbent experiments were carried out, and results showed that CTA adsorbent has a quick adsorption speed and a large adsorption capacity. Adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm, and low pH value helps fluoride removal. Some physical-chemical characteristics of CTA adsorbent were experimented, fluoride removal mechanism was explored, and results showed that hydroxyl group of CTA adsorbent played an important role in the fluoride removal.     

Surface characteristics of modified carbon nanotubes and its application in lead adsorption from aqueous solution

Carbon nanotubes(CNT) were modified by nitric acid oxidation.Infrared spectroscopy(IR) demonstrated that hydroxyl(-OH) and carbonyl(-C=O)functional groups were introduced to the surface of modified CNT.Micrometrics ASAP 2000 measurement showed that the surface area of modified CNT was slightly increased.Furthermore,the Pb^2 adsorption behavior on the surface of modified CNT has been investigated.The results indicate that the modified CNT has an exceptional adsorption capability for Pb^2 removal.The adsorption isotherms are well described by the Langmuir equation under test temperatures and the kinetics level is three.     

Protein adsorption on the poly（L-lactic acid） surface modified by chitosan and its derivatives

Surface modification of biomaterials has been adopted over the years to improve their biocompatibility. In this study, aiming to promote hydrophilicity and to introduce natural recognition sites onto poly（L-lactic acid） （PLLA） films, chitosan and its derivatives, carboxymethyl chitosan（CMC） and N-methylene phosphonic chitosan （NPC）, were used to modify the surface of PLLA films by an entrapment method. Radiolabeled （^125I） proteins were used to measure the amount of protein adsorbed to PLLA surfaces. Fibronectin （Fn） was used to study the protein adsorption on the modified PLLA surfaces, including isotherm adsorption and adsorption kinetics of single protein, competitive adsorption of binary proteins system and serum multi-proteins and the desorption behavior in serum solution. The results showed that in the isotherm adsorption, Fn had a larger adsorption capacity on the CS-modified surface at lower concentrations, but had a high adsorption capacity at CMC-modified surface at higher concentrations. In the study of absorption kinetics, Fn had a fastest adsorption equilibrium and a highest equilibrium adsorption capacity at the CS-modified surface, while it was opposite at the PCS-modified surface. When BSA and serum were added, it had the greatest effect on the adsorption of Fn on the PCS-modified surface. After 6 hours soaking in the desorpUon study, Fn had reached desorption equilibrium on all the modified surfaces, which had different effects on the desorption rate and the remaining percentage of Fn.     

Photocatalytic degradation pathways and adsorption modes of H-acid in TiO2 suspensions

Effect of adsorption mode on photodegradation of H-acid in TiO2 suspension was studied using DFT calculation,UV-Vis spec-troscopy,FTIR,and ionic chromatography.At pH 2.5,H-acid was adsorbed on TiO2 surfaces by one dissociated sulfonic group.The adsorbed sulfonic group was attacked by surface ·OH,resulting in the production of SO42-and the cleavage of the naphtha-lene ring.At pH 5.0,H-acid was adsorbed on TiO2 surfaces by two sulfonic groups.The two adsorbed sulfonic groups were sim-ultaneously attacked by surface ·OH,leading to a faster initial production of SO42-and initial degradation rate of H-acid than those under pH 2.5.Microscopic adsorption structures may be more important than adsorption amount in controlling the photo-degradation pathways of organic pollutants.     

Adsorption and reduction of palladium (Pd<Superscript>2+</Superscript>) by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus licheniformis</Emphasis> R08

Preliminary study on the mechanism of Pd²⁺ biosorption by resting cells of Bacillus licheniformis R08 biomass has been carried out by means of chemical kinetics and AAS, TEM, XRD and FTIR methods. The results showed that at 30℃ and pH 3.5, when dry R08 biomass powder (800 mg/L) was mixed with Pd²⁺ (100 mg/L) for 45 min, the rate constant k of biosorption of Pd²⁺ attained a maximum of 5.97×10^-2 min^-1 and the half life period of the reaction reached 12 min. The part of Pd²⁺ adsorbed by R08 biomass was reduced to elemental, cell-bound Pd⁰ at the same condition. The cell wall of R08 biomass was the primary location for accumulating Pd²⁺ , and aldoses, i. e. hydrolysate of a part of polysaccharides on the peptidoglycan layer in the acidic medium, serving as the electron donor, in situ reduced the Pd²⁺ to Pd⁰.     

沟戈登氏菌吸附Cu2+,Pb2+,Hg2+的重金属抗性研究

用Cu2+,Pb2+和Hg2+3种离子对沟戈登氏菌诱导培养的结果表明,这些离子能促进提高培养后的沟戈登氏菌对Pb2+和Hg2+的吸附活性,但对Cu2+的吸附活性则不明显,甚至有一定的抵抗作用·培养基中加入5 72mg/L的Cu2+连续培养时,沟戈登氏菌对Hg2+的吸附率由39%上升至98%,对Cu2+的吸附率由51%下降至35%,这种差别使吸附过程具有选择性·在利用微生物吸附工业废水中的重金属离子时,选择性诱导培养是提高微生物吸附能力的有效方法·     

Electrochemical determination of trace amounts of lead (II) and cadmium (II) at a calix[6]arene modified carbon paste electrode

An electrochemical method for the simultaneous determination of lead(II) and Cadmium(II) with a calix[6]arene modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) has been developed. Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ were accumulated at the surface of the modified electrode via formation of chemical complexes with calix[6]arene, and reduced at 1.40 V. During the following anodic potential sweep, reduced lead and cadmium were oxidized, and two well-defined striping peaks appeared at about −0.60 V and −0.84 V. Compared with a bare carbon paste electrode, the calix[6]arene modified CPE greatly improves the sensitivity of determining lead and cadmium. The stripping peak currents change linearly with the concentration of Pb²⁺ 3.0×10⁻⁸–8.0×10⁻⁶ mol·L⁻¹ and with that of Cd²⁺ 6.0×10⁻⁸–1.0×10⁻⁵ mol ·L⁻¹. The detection limits of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are found to be 8.0×10⁻⁹ mol·L⁻¹ and 2.0×10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹, respectively. The modified carbon paste electrode was applied to determine trace levels of lead and cadmium in water samples. Comparing with that of atomic absorption spectrometry, the results suggests that the calix[6]arene modified CPE has great potential for the practical sample analysis. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60171023) Biography: JI Xiao-bo (1980-), male, Master, research direction: electroanalytical chemistry.     

Purification and inhibition fungal growth of chitinases from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio pacini</Emphasis>

Vibrio pacini synthesizes multiple chitinases, of which three have been purified in this study by ammonium sulphate fractionation, chitin affinity chromatography and gel chromatography. Molecular weights of the three chitinases, Chi1, Chi2 and Chi3 are 27×10³, 39×10³ and 46×10³ respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified enzymes have optimal activity at pH 7–8, and retain 50% enzymatic activity pH 4–9. The activities of chitinases are inhibited by Pb²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺, and increased by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺. Chi3 is found to inhibit the growth of six species of fungi. Such characters of chitinase are different from those of any other chitinase that were reported before. Foundation item: Supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Programme of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of the Nation Scientific and Technological Development (2001 BA708B04-07) Biography: HAN Bao-qin (1963-), female, Professor.     

浮游球衣菌的分离及其对铅离子的吸附性能

利用改进后的菌种分离方法,从某污水中分离得到一菌株·研究了该菌株的菌落形态特征、菌株形态特征、生理生化特性、生长曲线、菌种保藏方法及其对Pb2+的吸附特性·经研究确定该菌株为第十四群鞘细菌类(sheathedbacteria)球衣菌属(Sphaerotilus)浮游球衣菌(Sphaerotilusnatans)·吸附实验结果表明:浮游球衣菌对Pb2+有很好的吸附效果,在10min内即可达到吸附平衡;在pH值约为5 5,菌的质量浓度为0 6g/L,铅离子初始质量浓度不大于20mg/L时,Pb2+去除率接近100%·     

A novel method for thermodynamic study on binding of copper ion with Alzheimer’s amyliod β peptide

The interaction of Cu²⁺ with the first 16 residues of the Alzheimer's amyliod β peptide, Aβ (1-16), was studied by employing isothermal titration calorimetry at pH 7.2 and 37℃ in aqueous solution. The Gholamreza Rezaei Behbehani (GRB) solvation model was used to reproduce the enthalpies of Cu²⁺+ Aβ(1-16) interaction over the whole Cu²⁺ concentrations. The binding parameters recovered from the solvation model were attributed to the structural change of Aβ (1-16) due to the metal ion interaction. It was found that there is a set of two identical and non interacting binding sites for Cu²⁺ ions. The molar enthalpy of binding is ΔH=27.895 kJ/mol. The association binding constants are 1.895 μm^-1 and 1.891 μm^-1 for the first and second binding sites respectively.     

天然沸石的改性及其吸附Pb~(2+);Cu~(2+)的研究

以天然沸石为原料,结合废水处理应用中对吸附材料的要求,采用酸、碱、盐对沸石进行了改性;并利用改性沸石进行了去除溶液中Pb2+,Cu2+的方法、效果、影响因素和吸附机理的研究.结果表明,NaOH改性的沸石对Pb2+,Cu2+的吸附能力大幅度提高;随着初始浓度的增加,沸石的吸附容量也增加;改性沸石对Pb2+,Cu2+的吸附很快,在较短的时间内即可达到平衡;溶液的pH值越高越有利于沸石吸附Pb2+,Cu2+.     

Mechanism of selective separation on the surface of ionic sieve of removal of lead

This note describes a kind of ionic sieve with high selectivity to remove trace lead in water, in which stannic molybdopyrophosphate is used to be the substrate. The mechanism of selective separation on the surface of ionic sieve of removal of lead was explored by analyzing fourier transformation infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and the results of selective adsorptivity experiment. The investigation suggests that in the process of synthesizing ionic sieve the olation reactions occur in solid phase by thermodynamic recrystallization and the adsorption units with special selectivity to lead are formed by chemical modification. After the ion exchange for Pb²⁺, the oaltion reactions not only keep the microstructures of adsorption units from collapse, but also provide lead cavties with special selectivity to lead ion that are capable of having special binding “memory effect” to Pb²⁺ by SnO₃ ²⁻ and P₂O₇ ⁴⁻ groups on the surface of this ionic sieve. Meanwhile, the selective separation capacity is a kind of weak chemical effect that is relative to the valence electron state of the adsorbed ion directly and tightly.