盐酸法舒地尔抑制小鼠EAE作用及机制研究

目的探讨盐酸法舒地尔（Fasudil hydrochloride）对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）的抑制作用和可能的机制.方法按平均体重将C57BL/6雌性小鼠分为EAE组、盐酸法舒地尔治疗组和佐剂组,用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55多肽（MOG35-55）诱导EAE模型,佐剂组以等量生理盐水代替.治疗组于免疫后6d开始按50mg（/kg·d）腹腔注射盐酸法舒地尔,EAE组和佐剂组用等量的生理盐水作为对照.比较各组小鼠的各种表现,并进行症状评分.免疫后18～20d取各组小鼠,制备脾脏淋巴细胞悬液,用MTT法检测淋巴细胞的增殖情况,用ELISA法检测并比较各组淋巴细胞培养上清液中细胞因子INF-γ、IL-17、IL-10的水平.结果盐酸法舒地尔能够显著改善EAE的症状,减轻中枢神经系统（CNS）炎性浸润及髓鞘脱失等病理变化,并且可抑制脾脏淋巴细胞分泌INF-γ、IL-17（P〈0.05）,促进IL-10的分泌（P〈0.05）.结论盐酸法舒地尔可以有效抑制小鼠EAE,这种抑制可能与其对脾淋巴细胞中INF-γ、IL-17表达的下调和IL-10表达的上调作用有关.     

黄芪糖蛋白抑制小鼠EAE的作用研究

目的探讨黄糖蛋白对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)小鼠的抑制作用和可能的机制。方法将18～23 g体质量C57BL/6雌性小鼠随机分为EAE组、黄芪糖蛋白(HuangqiGlycoprotein,HQGP)治疗组和佐剂组,EAE模型使用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55多肽(MOG35-55)对小鼠进行免疫,佐剂组用生理盐水代替。治疗组于免疫后第6 d按每天30 mg/kg腹腔注射HQGP,佐剂组和EAE组则注射等量生理盐水。观察各组发病情况,同时进行临床症状评分。在免疫后第20 d分离脾脏,用MTT法检测淋巴细胞的增殖情况,用ELISA法检测各组淋巴细胞上清液中细胞因子INF-γ、IL-1β、IL-10和IL-4的水平。结果 HQGP能够显著改善EAE的发病,减轻炎性浸润,并且可抑制MOG35-55诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应(P<0.01)及INF-γ和IL-1β分泌(P<0.05),促进IL-10的分泌(P<0.05),而对IL-4的分泌没有显著性影响。结论 HQGP能显著改善EAE小鼠的症状,可能与减少炎性细胞的浸润有关。     

结核分枝杆菌小分子热休克蛋白Hsp16.3基因缺失突变菌株对感染小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞凋亡率的影响及其时相性变化

探讨结核分枝杆菌小分子热休克蛋白Hsp16.3基因缺失突变菌株对感染小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞凋亡率的影响及其时相性变化。用激光共聚焦显微镜技术检测及鉴定结核分枝杆菌感染小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞,流式细胞术检测不同时期感染小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞凋亡率,比较结核分枝杆菌Hsp16.3基因缺失突变株与正常株感染小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞凋亡率的时相性变化。激光共聚焦显微镜检测结果显示:结核分枝杆菌国际标准强毒株H37Rv株、结核分枝杆菌国际标准强毒株H37Rv株Hsp16.3基因缺失突变株(△H37Rv)、卡介苗菌株(BCG)以及卡介苗株Hsp16.3基因缺失突变株(△BCG)均被小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞大量吞噬。流式细胞技术检测结果显示:小鼠感染△H37Rv菌株后,巨噬细胞的凋亡率逐渐上升,至感染7d时达到高峰,随后逐渐降低,1～7d内,各时间段△H37Rv感染组巨噬细胞凋亡率均显著高于H37Rv感染组,9～11d内,△H37Rv感染组巨噬细胞凋亡率反而低于H37Rv菌株组,但13～15d内,△H37Rv感染组巨噬细胞凋亡率又呈现出比H37Rv感染组高的现象,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。△BCG组凋亡率1～7d内呈现明显下降趋势,7d后巨噬细胞凋亡率变化趋于平稳,且1～5d内,△BCG组凋亡率显著高于BCG组(P<0.05),7～15d内,△BCG组与BCG组巨噬细胞凋亡率无明显差异。结果表明:与结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株野生株相比,结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株Hsp16.3基因缺失突变株在感染的早期和晚期对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞有更强的致凋亡作用,而这种致凋亡作用与结核分枝杆菌小分子热休克蛋白Hsp16.3基因的缺失相关,说明在结核分枝杆菌感染的早期和晚期,结核分枝杆菌小分子热休克蛋白Hsp16.3的表达能够抑制宿主巨噬细胞的凋亡。     

牛种布鲁氏菌2308紫外诱变株毒力检测及其对昆明系小鼠的免疫效果研究

为了检测牛种布鲁氏菌2308紫外诱变株毒力和免疫效果,本实验以S19疫苗株为对照,用牛种布鲁氏菌基因缺失株紫外线照射组(2308△rwbk A、2308△romp25和2308△rery)和非照射组(2308△wbk A、2308△omp25和2308△ery)分别侵染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,对小鼠巨噬细胞内的细菌进行计数评价毒力致弱情况;用牛种布鲁氏菌基因缺失株紫外照射组、非照射组以及S19疫苗株分别以1×107CFU/0.2 m L免疫4-6周龄昆明系小鼠,通过ELISA检测小鼠血清中布鲁氏菌Ig G抗体和IFN-γ细胞因子,同时分离脾脏,CFU计数布鲁氏菌胞内菌数量;用2308强毒株以3×108CFU/0.2 m L腹腔感染各组免疫10周后小鼠,脾脏CFU评价各受试组小鼠的免疫效果。结果表明:在细胞水平,紫外线照射后的布鲁氏菌基因突变株其CFU较紫外线非照射组有不同程度的下降,统计学分析无显著性差异(P0.05),但均高于S19胞内菌CFU;与S19疫苗株相比,2308△rwbk A和2308△rery紫外线照射组与其对应的2株紫外线非照射组在不同检测阶段,其Ig G和IFN-γ含量水平相当,但2308△romp25紫外线照射菌株组在第6、8周,其Ig G和IFN-γ含量均高于2308△omp25紫外线非照射菌株组和S19免疫组,统计学分析有显著性差异(0.01P0.05);攻毒实验表明:经过紫外照射的romp25缺失株产生的保护力高于其它未经过紫外照射的缺失株,但低于S19疫苗株免疫效果。结论:紫外诱变株romp25毒力进一步降低而且能够产生一定的保护效果。     

经水摄入三氯乙烯对BALB/c小鼠干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-4的影响

探讨经水摄入三氯乙烯(TCE)对BALB/c小鼠的干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的影响。将60只BALB/c雌性小鼠随机分为3组:空白对照组、溶剂对照组和TCE染毒组,每组20只,TCE染毒组经饮水摄入2.5g/L TCE,染毒2、4、8、12周,每组各处死5只小鼠,取其外周血和脾脏。利用免疫组化法检测脾脏组织中IFN-γ和IL-4的表达,ELISA法检测外周血血清中IFN-γ和IL-4的含量。与空白对照组和溶剂对照组相比,TCE染毒组小鼠脾脏与血液中IFN-γ和IL-4的表达明显上升,IFN-γ/IL-4比例明显下降,且差异有统计学意义。经水摄入TCE能够同时上调小鼠体内IFN-γ和IL-4的表达,进而可能上调Th1和Th2细胞免疫应答,而Th2细胞上调更占优势,故Th1/Th2比例下降。     

扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的:通过观察扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏)重量、脾淋巴细胞增殖活性及细胞因子(IL-2)分泌的影响,探讨扶正升血颗粒对荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的调节作用.方法:采用荷H22(肝癌)实体瘤小鼠模型,用免疫器官重量法计算胸腺指数(TI)和脾脏指数(SI),用MTT比色法测定淋巴细胞增殖反应,用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定脾淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-2的浓度.结果:扶正升血颗粒大、中、小剂量组荷瘤小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数均高于模型组,其中大剂量组TI、SI分别为18.9mg/10g、76.3mg/10g,较模型组分别增长36.0％、17.9％(p＜0.05);中剂量组TI为18.0mg/10g,较模型组增长29.5％(p＜0.05).扶正升血颗粒各剂量组荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性均高于模型组,以大剂量组作用最优,与模型组比较有显著性差异(p＜0.05).扶正升血颗粒各剂量组小鼠脾淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-2的浓度均较模型组增高,大剂量组IL-2的浓度为61.6pg/ml,与模型组比较有显著性差异(p＜0.05).结论:扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫器官胸腺、脾脏具有增重作用,能够增强脾淋巴细胞增殖活性,促进荷瘤小鼠细胞因子IL-2的分泌,表明扶正升血颗粒能明显增强荷瘤小鼠机体的免疫功能.     

分枝杆菌重组疫苗rBCG-Sj26GST对小鼠的保护作用

为了研究分枝杆菌重组疫苗rBCG-Sj26GST对小鼠的保护作用,用分枝杆菌重组疫苗rBCG-Sj26GST免疫雄性BALB/c,结核杆菌H37Ra进行攻击,检测小鼠淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI),腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清释放NO量,小鼠血清IFN-γ、IL-2的含量,并计数小鼠肝、肺活细菌数.rBCG-Sj26GST疫苗免疫的小鼠,其脾淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)为4.12±1.11,与对照组(2.63±0.47)、载体组(1.06±0.08)和BCG组(1.50± 0.41)相比,差异具有显著意义(P＜0.05);rBCG-Sj26GST组巨噬细胞释放的NO量明显高于对照组(P＜ 0.05).小鼠血清IFN-γ的浓度较对照组高33?%,但差异无显著意义(P＞0.05);与载体组相比,差异具有显著意义(P＜0.05).血清白介素-2的浓度较对照组高43?%,较载体组高38?%,但差异无显著意义(P＞ 0.05).经rBCG-Sj26GST免疫的小鼠受结核杆菌攻击后其肺、肝脏结核菌数较对照组少.分枝杆菌重组疫苗rBCG-Sj26GST免疫小鼠后能提高小鼠淋巴细胞刺激指数,刺激IFN-γ、IL-2的分泌,说明此疫苗能诱导CD+4Th1和CD+8CTL的细胞免疫反应,增强小鼠细胞免疫功能,并使小鼠能抵抗结核杆菌的攻击.     

痰热清注射液对流感病毒感染小鼠免疫功能的影响

观察痰热清注射液对流感病毒FM1感染小鼠免疫功能的影响,并探讨其作用机制.采用流感病毒FM1感染小鼠模型,设正常对照组、模型组、利巴韦林阳性药物组、痰热清注射液大、中、小剂量组.分别用MTT法、淋巴母细胞法、巨噬细胞NO2-释放法、ELISA法测定T及B淋巴细胞的增殖功能I、L-2及IFN-γ的活性I、L-4及TNF-α浓度.痰热清注射液大、中、小剂量组明显增强流感病毒FM1感染小鼠的T,B淋巴细胞的增殖能力,并明显提高模型组T细胞培养上清中IL-2含量;痰热清注射液明显提高模型组肺匀浆中IFN-γ及IL-4含量,降低肺匀浆中TNF-α含量.痰热清注射液直接刺激T,B淋巴细胞的增殖,并通过细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ,TNF-α等作用调控Th1与Th2细胞的平衡,增强机体的抗病毒免疫功能.     

结核分支杆菌Ag85B DNA疫苗构建、免疫原性及其保护效力

构建结核分支杆菌分泌蛋白Ag85B编码基因的DNA疫苗,研究其免疫原性和保护效力.构建该DNA疫苗并经鉴定后,应用Qiagen试剂盒大量纯化无内毒素的质粒DNA.将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,分别3周间隔3次用生理盐水（A）、载体质粒（B）、卡介苗（C）、Ag85B DNA疫苗（D）免疫小鼠,通过ELISA方法检测血清中抗Ag85B抗体及其亚型.第三次免疫后28 d用结核分支杆菌H37Rv攻击,观察小鼠体重变化,攻击4周后检测细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-12,进行肺组织病理检查及菌落计数等.经Ag85B DNA疫苗免疫的小鼠特异性抗体IgG均显著高于对照组,而且IgG2b均高于IgG1和IgG2a.结核分支杆菌攻击后各组小鼠体重变化呈现不同趋势,A、B组小鼠体重从第3周开始下降;C组体重总体呈上升趋势;D组体重第2周开始下降,之后维持不变.MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖实验中D组的刺激指数显著高于其它组;D组小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化率也显著高于A、B组.肺组织菌落计数C组最低,其次是D组.大体病理结果显示C组和D组肺组织病变较A、B组轻.A、B组肺泡腔内有较多渗出液,肺泡壁充血、水肿.C组肉芽肿数目最多.上述结果表明Ag85B DNA疫苗具有较强的免疫原性,呈TH1型细胞介导的免疫应答.Ag85B DNA疫苗的免疫保护效力不如BCG,有待进一步研究其应用价值.     

四君子汤对D-半乳糖诱致衰老小鼠脑抗氧化能力和线粒体DNA(mtDNA)损伤的影响

目的 探讨四君子汤(Sijunzi decoction,SJZ)对D-半乳糖诱致衰老小鼠脑抗氧化能力和线粒体DNA(mtDNA)损伤的影响.方法 给小鼠连续皮下注射D-半乳糖(1000 ms/(kg·d-1))8周制备衰老模型,并于第3周开始给予四君子汤高剂量组(20 g/kg)、中剂量组(10 g/kg)、低剂量组(5 g/kg)和维生素E(250 ms/kg)处理;8周后采用水迷宫测定小鼠学习记忆能力;采用比色法测定脑组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的活力;Fura-2/AM双波长荧光法检测海马神经细胞钙离子浓度;常规PCR检测小鼠海马细胞mtDNA缺失突变.结果 四君子汤可明显改善模型小鼠的学习和记忆能力,并提高脑组织GSH-PX和SDH的活力,降低脑细胞内钙离子浓度,防止模型小鼠脑海马细胞mtDNA缺失突变.结论 四君子汤具有改善D-半乳糖诱致小鼠学习记忆障碍的作用,其作用与其提高脑组织抗氧化能力,降低海马胞内钙离子浓度,减轻细胞线粒体DNA缺失突变的作用有关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.