喷射沉积18Ni（250）马氏体时效钢—（Al2O3）p复合材料的组织 …

采用雾化喷射沉积成形技术制备了含１０％（体积分数）Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒的１８Ｎｉ（２５０）马氏体时效钢金属基复合材料。沉积坯件具有高致密度,增强颗粒均匀分布,无界面反应等组织特征。同基体合金相比,复合材料表现出加速时效行为,经热处理后复合材料的拉伸强度接近基体材料,耐磨性明显提高。采用显微力学探针技术研究了复合材料的时效行为,发现在Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒附近存在陡峭的弹性模量和硬度分布,是热错配应力造成的位错密     

喷射沉积18Ni(250)马氏体时效钢-(Al_2O_3)_p复合材料的组织与性能

采用雾化喷射沉积成形技术制备了含１０％（体积分数）ＡＩ２Ｏ３颗粒的１８Ｎｉ（２５０）马氏体时效钢金属基复合材料．沉积坯件具有高致密度、增强颗粒均匀分布、无界面反应等组织特征．同基体合金相比,复合材料表现出加速时效行为．经热处理后复合材料的拉伸强度接近基体材料,耐磨性明显提高．采用显微力学探针技术研究了复合材料的时效行为,发现在ＡＩ２Ｏ３颗粒附近存在陡峭的弹性模量和硬度分布,是热错配应力造成的位错密度分布引起的析出相分布变化的结果．     

热轧工艺对Cu-Cr-Zr合金力学性能和电学性能的影响

应用热轧在线淬火和随后的形变热处理相结合的工艺制备Cu-Cr-Zr合金板材,通过显微硬度、电导率、金相和TEM测试手段分析合金在加工制备过程中性能和组织的变化.研究结果表明:合适的热轧在线淬火工艺只需一次加热便能完成均匀化和快速热轧-淬火处理,达到在线固溶的目的;经热轧在线淬火工艺处理的合金组织细小、均匀,为后续的冷加工和时效处理提供良好的组织准备;于920℃热轧在线淬火能更好地满足实际生产和综合性能的要求.当热轧温度为920℃时,热轧在线淬火后的Cu-Cr-Zr合金,经80％冷轧并在450℃时效30 min后其硬度和电导率分别可达180和80.1％IACS.     

多级雾化Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金的组织和性能

对多级雾化法制取的Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ－Ｚｒ－Ｍｇ合金粉末热挤压成形及时效处理后的组织及性能的研究表明：合金粉末经真空封装后，在４２０℃按１０：１的挤压比成形后，合金密度达理论密度值的９８％以上，并且组织中存在着与母相保持共格关系的Ｃｒ相和Ｃｕ５Ｚｒ。经５００℃时效１ｈ后，硬度和导电率分别达ＨＶ１７０及８１％ＩＡＣＳ。     

双级时效工艺对富铁ADC12铝合金组织和硬度的影响

为了探索双级时效工艺对富铁ADC12铝合金的影响,在不同二级时效温度下对合金进行热处理,探讨合金的显微组织和硬度的变化规律。结果表明:随着二级时效温度的提高,合金中方块状初生硅棱角钝化,树枝状共晶硅细化成球状,长针状富铁相细化且圆滑,硬度逐渐提高。在170℃的二级时效温度下,合金组织分布均匀,布氏硬度比T6工艺的提高了14.1%,但当二级时效温度达到180℃时,合金会出现过时效现象,针状组织再次聚集,硬度急剧降低。     

铝锂合金2091锻造材料力学性能研究

研究了铝锂合金2091锻造材料的力学性能。结果表明,固溶处理后经5％冷锻变形和170℃、2h 190℃、6h双级时效,可使材料获得较好的强度和塑性;预冷变形使时效过程增强,达到峰值强度的时效时间缩短;在时效时间为12h情况下,K_(IC)值随时效温度的升高而降低。预冷变形促使过渡相S′(Al_2CuMg)沿位错亚结构弥散析出、抑制δ′(Al_3L_3)相粗化和δ′的无析出带(PFZ)变窄,是铝锂合金锻造材料强塑性改善的重要原因。而提高时效温度,加速扩散过程,促进δ′相粗化和PFZ变宽,则是K_(IC)降低的可能原因。     

时效温度对Al-5.06%Cu-0.44%Mg-0.55%Ag-0.3%Mn-0.17%Zr合金组织与性能的影响

研究不同时效温度对Al-5．06％Cu-0．44％Mg-0．55％Ag-0．3％Mn-0．17％Zr合金室温力学性能和高温持久性能的影响。研究结果表明：合金在250℃时效有很高的时效响应速度,但是,在250℃时效后的峰值强度要明显低于165℃时效的峰值强度;在相同条件下高温时效后的合金在峰值状态的持久寿命最长,并且其持久强度要远远高于低温欠时效态的持久强度;Ω相为合金高温时效后的主要强化相,高温时效抑制了θ’的析出;高温短时间人工时效能够极大地提高合金的高温持久性能。     

Sn微合金化无铅易切削Al-Mg-Si合金的组织与性能

采用力学性能测试、X射线衍射物相分析、扫描电子显微分析、透射电镜分析和金相实验方法研究了不同处理态Sn微合金化的无铅易切削Al-Mg-Si合金棒材的显微组织与性能。研究结果表明:合金的最佳时效工艺为170℃／8 h,在此条件下,合金棒材的抗拉强度为351 MPa,屈服强度为336 MPa,延伸率为13．5％;合金的物相组成为铝基固溶体、主要强化相Mg2Si和CuAl2以及低熔点组织组成物Mg2Sn Sn;低熔点组织组成物Mg2Sn sn以及时效析出相Mg2Si和CuAl2使合金具有良好切削性能和较高强度。     

应力作用下2124合金蠕变时效的组织与性能

通过硬度测试、拉伸测试和透射电镜分析等方法,研究应力分别为0 MPa和200 MPa对Al-Cu-Mg系2124合金185℃时效后的硬度、强度以及伸长率的影响,阐述应力对2124合金时效后组织与力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:在常规时效和蠕变时效2种时效状态下,200 MPa应力作用下的蠕变时效使2124合金的S'析出相分布变得不均匀,合金的强度提高,而塑性降低;在0 MPa应力作用下,合金峰时效状态下的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为411.6 MPa,270.8 MPa,20.20％;在200 MPa应力作用下,合金峰值时效状态下的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为441.1 MPa,321.0 MPa和16.24％,后者的抗拉强度和屈服强度比前的高,但塑性低.     

喷射沉积AZ31镁合金微观组织与力学性能

采用喷射沉积方法制备了AZ31镁合金沉积柱坯,利用热轧作为后续加工,研究了镁合金的组织变化及材料的性能.实验结果表明:沉积态合金组织均匀,晶粒细小(平均晶粒尺寸约为20μm);热轧变形的致密化过程、动态再结晶以及退火再结晶使合金具有良好的组织结构和力学性能;轧制态试样断口呈现为脆性解理断裂方式,退火态试样断口则表现为脆性和韧性断裂混合机制.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.