聚乳酸/聚环氧乙烷纳米纤维膜的结构与性能表征

采用静电纺丝方法制备了聚乳酸(PLLA)/聚环氧乙烷(PEO)纳米纤维膜,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸测试,对PLLA/PEO纳米纤维膜的形貌、结构、结晶行为和力学性能进行了表征,探究了PEO的质量分数对PLLA/PEO纳米纤维膜的结构、结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,PEO的加入,降低了PLLA/PEO纳米纤维膜的平均直径和直径分布宽度,提高了纤维的结晶速度、结晶度及断裂伸长率;PEO分子可提高聚乳酸分子链的运动能力和降低纤维的取向度,从而降低因取向引起的中间相含量,提高结晶相含量,进而改善聚乳酸纤维的结晶性能和韧性。     

Influence of Relative Humidity on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nanofibers for High-Efficiency Air Filter

The influence of relative humidity( RH) on the properties of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) nanofibers that might determine the application of nanofibers in high-efficiency air filters is not clear. PVA nanofiber mat was prepared between two hot airthrough ES( polyethyene( PE) and polypropylene( PP) composite fiber) non-woven substrates as a sandwich structure nanofiber composite filter using an electrospinning technique combining with an ultrasonic sewing process. The filtering mechanism of the composite was discussed in detail. The effects of nanofiber diameters,nanofiber layer thickness and RH in environment on the properties of PVA nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy( SEM), X-ray diffraction( XRD), automatic filter tester and universal strength tester. The results showed that the PVA nanofiber composite fabrics had high filtration efficiency with lowpressure drop and there was a negative correlation between filtration efficiency and nanofiber diameter. After keeping in a high RH environment for several hours, the mechanical property of PVA nanofiber composites was deteriorated but the high filtration efficiency was increased.     

Applications of electrospun nanofibers

Polymeric nanofiber non-woven materials produced by electrospinning have extremely high surface-to-mass （or volume） ratio and a porous structure with excellent pore-interconnectivity. These characteristics plus the functionalities and surface chemistry of the polymer itself impart the nanofibers with desirable properties for a range of advanced applications. This review summarizes the recent progress in electrospun nanofibers, with an emphasis on their applications.     

聚丙烯腈螯合纳米纤维的制备及其吸附性能研究

用羟胺试剂与聚丙烯腈纳米纤维通过化学反应将部分氰基转化为偕胺肟基团,制备一种改性的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维,并研究了该纤维对金属Pb2+的吸附性能.结果表明:改性的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维对Pb2+具有较好的吸附性能.     

光学透明、低热膨胀性的甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜

 通过化学预处理和机械处理的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维,再利用真空抽滤的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维膜,将所得的纳米纤维素浸渍到聚醚砜树脂中,制备了甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜。采用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）对机械处理的甲壳素纳米纤维的形态特征进行表征。采用紫外光分光光度计、热机械分析仪（TMA）分别对甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的透光性、热膨胀性做分析,用万能力学试验机测试甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的拉伸性能。结果表明,机械处理后,甲壳素纤维达到纳米级别,随机械处理手段增加,甲壳素纳米纤维直径逐步变小。甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜保持了较高的透光率,对比树脂材料,热稳定性和力学强度明显增强,是一种具有高透光性、低热膨胀性的复合膜,在光学基底材料、显示器等方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

电纺聚-L-乳酸/β-磷酸三钙复合物纳米纤维膜

利用静电纺丝法制备了生物可吸收聚-L-乳酸(PLLA)/β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合物纳米纤维膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等手段研究了复合物纳米纤维膜的结构和形态,详细探讨电纺工艺条件对制备PLLA/β-TCP复合物纳米纤维的形态影响.通过拉伸力学测试、噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)对复合物纳米纤维膜的力学性能和体外细胞相容性作了进一步研究.结果表明,PLLA/β-TCP复合物纳米纤维的几何结构与电纺条件有关,随着聚合物溶液浓度增加、溶液流速增大,纤维直径有不同程度的增大;复合物纳米纤维膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量随β-TCP的含量增加而下降;复合物纳米纤维膜对L-929细胞系无细胞毒性,显示良好的细胞相容性.     

纳米光纤与光孤子通信探讨

在普通光纤光孤子传输的行为基础上,提出纳米光纤概念,讨论利用纳米光纤的强三阶光学非线性建立的全新光孤子光通信系统 分析纳米光纤量子点的制备和纳米光纤的形成机制     

Advances in Electrospun Nanofiber Yarns

In order to increase the application area of nanofibers, electrospun nanofiber yarns have drawn attention of many researchers around the globe. Once the production method of nanofiber yarn is mature enough to be universally accepted, many new gates of applications will open to the world. In this review, different electrospinning techniques of electrospun nanofiber yarns are divided into needle electrospinning and needleless electrospinning. Considering yarn twist as an important mechanism, needle electrospinning technique is further categorized into mechanical, electrical and field flow twisting methods. Moreover, parameters influencing the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber yarns are investigated. Methods of improving mechanical properties of nanofiber yarns are addressed, including hot-water-bath treatment, addition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and introducing regulators. Finally, applications of electrospun nanofiber yarns in different fields of smart textile and bioengineering are summed-up. In summary, challenges encountered in the industrialization of nanofiber yarns and future prospects are anticipated.     

静电纺丝聚丙烯腈纳米纤维工艺参数与纤维直径关系的研究

采用静电纺丝方法来纺制聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维毡研究了质量分数、电压、针孔孔径、纺丝液中LCl的含量、接受距离等参数对纤维直径及离散度的影响，采用扫描电镜来观察纤维的直径及其形态。采用正交试验设计法，发现纺丝液的质量分数与纺丝液中LiCl的含量是影响纤维直径最重要的参数。经过优化，纺制出最小直径为98nm的纳米纤维。     

聚苯胺纳米纤维的界面聚合法合成及电化学电容行为

利用盐酸和四氯化碳的水/油两相界面,通过界面聚合法合成具有良好纳米纤维结构的聚苯胺,用这种聚苯胺纳米纤维为活性物质制备电极,以1 mol/L H2SO4水溶液为电解液组装超级电容器,通过恒电流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等技术研究其电化学电容行为。研究结果表明,合成的聚苯胺的直径为50～100 nm,长度为500nm至几微米不等,且纤维之间相互交织缠绕,形成网状形貌;聚苯胺纳米纤维电极材料的功率特性与循环性能优于用传统化学氧化法合成的颗粒状聚苯胺材料的性能,在5 mA放电电流下,其比电容可达317 F/g,20mA放电电流下比电容仍维持300 F/g左右,500次循环容量衰减在4%以内。     

Improved acetone sensing properties of flat sensors based on Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers

Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensors were fabricated by spinning these nanofibers onto flat ceramic substrates, which had signal electrodes and heaters on their top and bottom surfaces, respectively. Compared with sensors loaded with pure SnO2 nanofibers, the Co-SnO2 nanofiber sensors exhibited improved acetone sensing properties with high selectivity and rapid response and recovery times. The response was 33 when the sensors were exposed to 100 μL/L acetone at 330°C, and the corresponding response with 100 μL/L of ethanol was only 6. The response and recovery times to acetone were about 5 and 8 s, respectively. These results indicate Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers are good candidates for fabrication of high performance acetone sensors for practical application.     

MnO2/C复合纳米纤维纱线的制备及其导电性能

采用共轭静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维纱线,并在不同温度下将PAN纳米纤维碳化得到碳纳米纤维纱线。以KMnO 4为锰源,通过水热合成法在碳纳米纤维纱线上原位生长纳米二氧化锰(MnO 2),形成MnO 2/C复合纳米纤维纱线,分别采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、数字万用表对碳纳米纤维纱线和MnO 2/C复合纳米纤维纱线的化学组成、表观形貌、电学性能等进行表征,并分析碳化温度对碳纳米纤维纱线的形貌和电学性能的影响,以及水热反应中盐酸浓度对纳米MnO 2形貌和MnO 2/C复合纳米纤维纱线的影响。结果表明:碳化温度越高,得到的纱线表面越光洁,石墨化程度越高,电学性能也越好,1000℃碳化工艺得到的碳纳米纤维纱线电导率最高,为31.5 S/cm;与MnO 2复合后的碳纳米纤维纱线电导率大幅下降,当盐酸与高锰酸钾摩尔浓度比为4∶1时得到的复合纳米纤维纱线的电导率最高,为0.1200 S/cm。     

Efficient adsorption of As(V) on poly(acrylo-amidino ethylene amine) nanofiber membranes

Poly(acrylo-amidino ethylene amine) (PAEA) nanofiber membranes have been synthesized by combining the electrospinning technique and subsequent chemical modification. The membranes were used to remove As(V) from aqueous solution. The adsorption kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, and pH effect were investigated in batch experiments. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models agree well with the experimental data. The PAEA nanofibers are effective for As(V) adsorption at pH 3. Experimental results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the PAEA nanofibers with As(V) is 76.92 mg g-1 , which is much higher than that of the PAEA microfibers (27.62 mg g-1 ). The adsorption rate of PAEA nanofibers is faster than that of PAEA microfibers due to its higher specific surface area. The PAEA nanofibers can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of As(V) in aqueous solution due to high adsorption capacity and short adsorption time to achieve equilibrium.     

The electrospinning of nanofibers

Electrospinning is a straight forward method to produce polymer fibers from polymer solutions,with fiber diameters in the range of 500 nm.In this paper the polymer nanofiber was successful made by the electrospinning method.Through the analysis of SEM,we got the conclusions that the PMMA,PAN and PVP nanofiber were successfully got from the electrospinning technology.     

Multiple Needle Electrospinning for Fabricating Composite Nanofibers with Hierarchical Structure

Electrospinning is a powerful method for fabricating micro/nano fibers that can be applied to various fields. Composite materials with nanoscale structure can show more excellent properties than their conventional partners. Here, we reported hierarchical structured nanofibers with beads and spheres by double needle electrospinning with an auxiliary airflow. Two different spinning solutions with different concentrations were placed into different syringes. The action of airflow was able to make the two differently morphological nanofibers mixed together evenly. The results showed that the obtained nanofiber membrane has a good hierarchical structure with different morphologies.     

Ag-Eu(TTA)3AA/PVP纳米纤维的制备及其荧光性能

通过静电纺丝原位反应法、同轴静电纺丝法两种方法制备了Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP纳米纤维,用SEM、TEM和荧光光谱研究了纳米银和所得纤维的形貌以及复合纤维的荧光性能。结果表明,所得纤维的直径小于1000nm,纳米银颗粒的直径从几十至200nm;Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP在纤维中分散均匀;两种方法制备的Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP纳米纤维中都存在着纳米银的荧光增强作用。     

Disc-Electrospun PCL Nanofiber Formed Micro-patterned Structure Scaffold

Disc-electrospinning using a disc as spinneret and a rotary drum as collector is a novel technology to prepare nanofiber which has been applied in tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, nanofibrous mats with mlcro-patterned structure were fabricated via disc-electrospinning. Poly （ε-eaprolactone） （PCL） was dissolved in trifluoroethanol （TFE） at various concentrations （ 2 %-7 % ） （w/v） for electrospinning and the applied voltage ranged from 40 to 70 kV. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was employed to observe the morphology of the nanofibrous scaffolds. SEM images illustrated that the nanofibers with beads formed micro-patterned structure such as triangles and other polygons. The average diameter of nanofibers presented various size with the concentration increased from 2% to 7%. The beads on the nanofibers constructed the vertexes of the polygons, while nanofibers bridged between adjacent vertexes. The concentration of solution and applied voltage may be two dominant factors to influence the topological structure of the nanofibrons scaffolds. Cells cultured on the micro-patterned scaffold spread along the edges of the polygons. The scaffold with patterned structure may have a promising application in tissue engineering.     

Preparation and Characterization of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanofibers

A new class of nanocomposites based on organic and inorganic species integrated at a nanoscale has obtained more attention these years. Organic-inorganic hybrids have both the advantages of organic materials, such as light weight, flexibility and good moldability, and inorganic materials, such as high strength, heat stability and chemical resistance. In this work, PVAc/TiO2 organicinorganic hybrid was prepared by sol-gel process. Eiectrospinning technique was used to fabricate PVAc/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers. The structures and properties of the hybrid nanofibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, Atomic Force Microscope （AFM）, Differential Scanning Calorimeter （DSC） and Fouriertransform infrared （FTIR） spectra. SEM and AFM were employed to study the topography of the hybrid nanofibers. The chemical structure of the hybrid nanofibers were examined by FTIR. The DSC scans revealed the second order transition temperature of the hybrid materials were higher than PVAc.     

分级多孔纳米炭纤维的结构及电容性能

以酚醛树脂为碳源、PVP为纺丝助剂、纳米MgO颗粒为模板剂,通过静电纺丝法制得酚醛树脂基纳米炭纤维,经过炭化、KOH活化、酸洗后得到分级多孔纳米炭纤维,利用SEM、XRD、XPS、拉曼光谱仪及氮气吸脱附实验,对所制多孔纳米炭纤维的结构和形貌进行表征,并将其作为模拟电容器的电极,利用循环伏安、恒电流充放电及交流阻抗方法测试了材料的电化学性能。结果表明,KOH活化引入了数量可观的微孔,所得纳米炭纤维表现出明显的"微孔-中孔-大孔"分级孔分布的特点,其比表面积达到1058.4m~2/g,总孔容为1.64cm~3/g。电化学测试结果表明,所制分级多孔纳米炭纤维在6mol/L KOH电解液中显示出优异的电容性能,在0.2A/g的电流密度下,其放电比容量达到198F/g,在20A/g电流密度下,电容保持率达到65%。     

Recent advances in magnetic electrospun nanofibers for cancer theranostics application

Cancer theranostics is a recent concept that aims to combine in the same device diagnostic and therapeutic features. Magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) are commonly used as a critical part of these systems due to their ability to respond to an external magnetic field. Consequently, mNPs can generate heat when an alternating magnetic field is applied and enhance image contrast in magnetic resonance. However, direct administration of mNPs intravenously or directly in the tumor can lead to undesired side effects because of mNP elimination by macrophages or leakage to healthy tissues. Therefore, mNPs can be retained in a polymeric nanofibrous mesh, thus preventing misplacing or loss of mNPs. Furthermore, these magnetic nanofibers can be directly implanted in the tumor site, thus ensuring high mNPs loading and higher magnetic response. In addition, polymeric nanofibers produced by electrospinning are frequently used to maintain a sustained drug release in the tumor site. Therefore, a magnetic polymeric nanofiber produced by electrospinning is an ideal nanosystem for cancer theranostics application. This review summarizes the most recent developments of magnetic nanofibers produced by electrospinning for cancer theranostics applications.